QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
Chemisry project on content of cold drinksRam Mehra
Different types of cold drinks available on the Pontian market such as alcoholic drinks, Sprite, 100 Plus, Soya, Chrysanthemum Tea and Lemon Tea were analysed for its content (protein, vitamin C, alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose, sucrose, pH value) with respective method
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
Chemisry project on content of cold drinksRam Mehra
Different types of cold drinks available on the Pontian market such as alcoholic drinks, Sprite, 100 Plus, Soya, Chrysanthemum Tea and Lemon Tea were analysed for its content (protein, vitamin C, alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose, sucrose, pH value) with respective method
Chemistry IP 12th CLASS { content of cold drinks }avneesh1234
Topic:- content of cold drinks available in market CLASS XII
i faced a lot of difficulties to do this ip, atleast now u can be download and submit without any trouble
Project on Cold Drinks( QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS)Manoj Khetan
There are various types of Cold Drinks available in market. We need to take a minute before sipping a chilled drink down our throat in thinking is it the right choice?
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. Soft Drink Analysis Page 2
ST. THOMAS CENTRAL SCHOOL
ST.THOMAS NAGAR
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695043
Certified Bonafide Record of Project work done in Chemistry
by..............................................................................................
Reg.no................................AISSCE March..............................
during the academic year...........................................................
1)............................ Teacher in-charge
2)............................ Head of Institution
3)............................ External Examiner
3. Soft Drink Analysis Page 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my
chemistry teacher Mrs.Bindhu.P in providing a helping hand in this
project.
Her valuable guidance , support and supervision all through this
project are responsible for attaining its present form.I would also like
to thank my team-mates and my class mates for their support.
4. Soft Drink Analysis Page 4
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Aim
4. Apparatus
5. Chemicals Required
6. Detection of pH
7. Detection Tests
7.1 Test for Carbon dioxide
7.2 Test for Phosphate
7.3 Test for Alcohol
7.4 Test for Sucrose
8. Result
9. Precautions
10. Conclusion
5. Soft Drink Analysis Page 5
11. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
The era of Soft drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India
marked its beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by
Parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of Soft drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational companies launched
their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed 7
Up, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and
Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain .
6. Soft Drink Analysis Page 6
THEORY
Soft drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions, etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth
on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which
is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally
occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our
body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharide. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free state in the
ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits.
7. Soft Drink Analysis Page 7
AIM
Comparative study and Qualitative analysis of different brands
available in markets
8. Soft Drink Analysis Page 8
APPARATUS
Test tubes
Test tube holder
Test tube stand
Stop watch
Beaker
Bunsen Burner
pH paper
Tripod stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
9. Soft Drink Analysis Page 9
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Lime Water
Fehling’s Solution (A and B)
Concentrated Nitric Acid
Benedict’s Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
10. Soft Drink Analysis Page 10
DETECTION OF pH
Experiment
Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH
paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH scale.
Observation
Sl.no Name of drink Colour Change pH Value
1 Coco Cola Pinkish 2-3
2 7 Up Dark Orange 4
3 Limca Light Orange 3
4 Fanta Orange 3-4
Inference
11. Soft Drink Analysis Page 11
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of soft drinks of different brands are
different due to the variation in amount of acidic content.
DETECTION TESTS
DETECTIONOF CARBON DIOXIDE
Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples
were passed through lime water and the time is noted. The lime
water turned milky.
Observation
Sl.no. Name of drink Time taken
(in sec)
Conclusion
1 Coco Cola 28 CO2 is present
2 7 Up 20 CO2 is present
3 Limca 38 CO2 is present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 is present
Inference
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The
carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid , which
is responsible for its tangy taste.
Chemical Reaction
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) CaCO3 (S) +H2O(l)
12. Soft Drink Analysis Page 12
TEST FORGLUCOSE
Experiment
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by
the following tests:-
1.Benedict’sReagent Test
Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in
attest tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test
tube is heated for a few seconds. Formation of reddish colour
confirmed the presence of glucose in soft drinks.
Observation
Sr.no. Name of drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coco Cola Reddish precipitate Glucose is present
2 7 Up Reddish precipitate Glucose is present
3 Limca Reddish precipitate Glucose is present
4 Fanta Reddish precipitate Glucose is present
Inference
13. Soft Drink Analysis Page 13
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. Fehling’s Solution Test
Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution
was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for
10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence
of glucose in cold drinks.
Observation
Sr.no. Name of drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coco Cola Reddish brown
precipitate
Glucose is present
2 7 Up Reddish brown
precipitate
Glucose is present
3 Limca Reddish brown
precipitate
Glucose is present
4 Fanta Reddish brown
precipitate
Glucose is present
Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A
& B) solutions. Hence all the soft drinks contain glucose.
14. Soft Drink Analysis Page 14
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Ammonium molybdate followed by
concentrated Nitric acid (HNO3) was added to it. The solution was
heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed the
presence of phosphate ions in soft drinks.
Observation
Sr.no. Name of drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coco Cola Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate is present
2 7 Up Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate is present
3 Limca Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate is present
4 Fanta Canary yellow
precipitate
Phosphate is present
Inference
All the soft drink samples gave positive test for phosphate ions.
Hence all the soft drinks contain phosphate.
15. Soft Drink Analysis Page 15
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of soft drink were taken in separate
test tubes and ceric ammonium nitrate reagent [(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 ] is
added to it. Appearance of red colour which disappears after
reasonable time confirms the presence of alcohol.
Observation
Sr.no. Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coco Cola Red solution Alcohol is present
2 7 Up Red solution Alcohol is present
3 Limca Red solution Alcohol is present
4 Fanta Red solution Alcohol is present
Inference
All the soft drinks gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the soft
drinks contain alcohol.
16. Soft Drink Analysis Page 16
TEST FORSUCROSE
Experiment
5ml samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in
separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes
occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose
in soft drinks.
Observation
Sr.no Name of drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coco Cola Black residue Sucrose is present
2 7 Up Black residue Sucrose is present
3 Limca Black residue Sucrose is present
4 Fanta Black residue Sucrose is present
Inference
17. Soft Drink Analysis Page 17
All the brands of soft drinks contain sucrose. But amount of
sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount
of sucrose.
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different
brands of cold drinks namely,
1. Coco Cola
2. 7 Up
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide.
All soft drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing pH value of
different brands Coco cola is the most acidic and Limca is the least
acidic of all the four brands taken.
Among the four samples of soft drinks taken, 7 Up has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
18. Soft Drink Analysis Page 18
PRECAUTIONS
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are-
1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care
2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each
experiment
3. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush
immediately with copious amounts of water
4. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you
leave your workstation
5. Never point any test tube or any vessel that you are heating at
yourself or at your neighbour
19. Soft Drink Analysis Page 19
CONCLUSION
Disadvantages of Soft Drinks
1. Soft drinks are a little harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in
diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the
body’s natural ability to suppress the hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has pH of 2.8. So
they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. Soft drink also has ability to remove blood so they are very
harmful to our body.
Advantages/Uses of Soft Drinks
1. Soft drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease
from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
20. Soft Drink Analysis Page 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Following books and websites were a source for my project.
Comprehensive Chemistry Lab Manual – NK Verma
www.Google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
www.Icbse.com
www.Unoregon.com