2. The Agenda
• Think Through the Normative Goals of
Community Development
• Understand the Changing Role of
Government in the Pursuit of Those Goals
• Explore the Opportunities of “Self-
Nominated Social Problem-Solvers” to
Contribute to Goals
• Develop a Broader, More Sectorally
Integrated View of Political Economy
3. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• Material Economic Conditions:
– Income
– Employment
– Food
– Shelter
– Medical Care
– Education
4. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• M.E.C: Ind. Val. Soc. Valu
Collect Indiv
– Income
– Employment
– Food
– Shelter
– Medical Care
– Education
5. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• M.E.C: Social Valuation
Avg Dist. Floor Mob.
– Income
– Employment
– Food
– Shelter
– Medical Care
– Education
6. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• M.E.C: Ind Val. Social Valuation
Soc. Utilitarian Justice
Desires Needs Rights
– Income
– Employment
– Food
– Shelter
– Medical Care
– Education
7. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• Material Economic Conditions:
– Employment
– Food
– Income
– Shelter
– Medical Care
– Education
• Social/Relational Conditions
• Political Conditions
8. “Social Progress”:
the Normative Goals of Development
• Material Economic Conditions:
• Social Conditions/Relations
– Living in “Right Relationships” to Others
– Being Secure Within and Able to Enforce Right
Relationships with Others
• Political Conditions/Relations
– Living in “Right Relationship” To State
– Being Secure Within and Able to Enforce “Right
Relationship” with State
9. Relationships Among Goals
• Material Economic Conditions:
– Good in Themselves
– Necessary Conditions for Social and Political Progress
– Can’t Be Achieved Without Progress in Social and Economic (?)
• Social Conditions/Relations
– Good in Themselves
– Helpful in Achieving Economic and Political Development
– Can’t be Achieved without Progress in Economic and Political (?)
• Political Conditions/Relations
– Good in Themselves
– Potentially Important to Achievement of Economic and Social
– Can’t be Realized without Economic and Social (?)
10. A Plea for an Integrated View of
Development Goals
• “Sustainable Development” as a Concept
That Brings Different Development Goals
in the Back Door
• The Importance of Integrating:
Economic with Social and Political
Individual with Relational
Welfare with Justice
11. Role of Government in Promoting
Development Goals
• Standard Economic Theory: Correct
Market Failures
– Internalize Externalities
– Ensure Adequate Supply of Public Goods
– Ensure Desired Level of Equity
– Ensure Adequate Level and Distribution of Merit
Goods
– Ensure Fair Distribution of Burden of Government
Operations
12. Role of Government in Promoting
Development Goals
• Standard Economic Theory: Correct
Market Failures
• Alternative Social/Political Theory: Create
Occasion for Polity to Decide What it
Wants to Produce Together, and Provide
the Institutional Means for Achieving
Desired Results
13. Role of Government in Promoting
Development Goals
• Alternative Social/Political Theory:
– Protect Rights, Ensure Justice
– Create Conditions that Allow Other Institutions
to Work Well
– Create Occasions for Collective Deliberation
About Social Purposes/Means for Pursuing
Them
– Given Commitment to Achieve Results, Use
Authority and Money of State to Achieve
Results Efficiently and Fairly
14. Role of Government in Promoting
Development Goals
Key Ideas in Support of Alternative View
• An Important Goal of the State is to Protect
Rights and Ensure Justice
• Once A Society Gives out Political Rights, it
Allows the State to Be Used For Purposes that
Citizens Want to Use it For
• The State is (Potentially) a Value Creating
Sector; Not Just a Regulator
15. Role of Government in Promoting
Development Goals
• Having Argued for a Particular State Role in
Development, Now Have to Argue That State Role is
Changing – Mostly Declining
• Liberal Democratic Theories Around World/Collapse of
Totalitarian Regimes
• In Liberal Democracies, No Monopoly on Definition or
Pursuit of Public Good (Social Progress)
• Rise in Importance of Economic Development in
Development Goals, and Belief that Smaller States Work
Better in Support
• Recognition that Government Was Always Dependent on
“Private Sector” (Both For Profit, and Social)
• Emergence of a Private Sector That Can Perform Some
Important Roles of Government (?)
16. Where Does the Voluntary,
Nonprofit Sector Fit In?
• Alternative Supplier of Socially Valued Goods
and Services
• Alternative Funder of Socially Valued Goods and
Services
• Underwriter of Quality of Deliberative Process to
Determine Social Goals
• Regulator of For-Profit Firms and Governments
• Reflection/Shaper of Economic, Social, and
Political Culture
17. Conclusion:
The Challenge that Lies Before Us
• Improving Societies Isn’t Just About Economic Development/
Economic Development cannot Be Achieved without Improving
Societies
• Human Desires and Capabilities are Always the Engine of Social
Progress/But Human Desires are not just focused on individual
material conditions/Citizenship is as important as Consumerism
• Lots of Different Platforms and Institutional Forms That Citizens Can
Use for Public Leadership in Improving Society/Debate About
Market v. Government is Not Well Posed though Government
Positions have special responsibilities and capacities
• Challenge is to figure out how to develop and use citizen leadership
capacities within and across the sectors to achieve desirable and
desired goals.
• Not just a technical/operational problem of knitting together
operational capacities; Also one that requires political mobilization
for legitimation, to drive action, and to help individuals absorb losses
• Techniques required for “calling a public into existence that can
know and act on its own interests.”
