This document discusses the key concepts and history of socialism. It outlines that socialism originated in the 19th century as a response to liberalism, with socialists objecting to the competition and individual liberty of capitalism. Socialists believe that human beings are by nature social and cooperative, not competitive, and that the goal of a socialist society is to ensure liberty, justice and prosperity for all through public ownership of major means of production and a more equal distribution of wealth and power. The document traces the spread and evolution of socialist ideas and parties in the 20th century, noting divisions between communist and social democratic forms of socialism as well as challenges to socialism in recent decades.

1. SOCIALISM
• the broadest political ideologies----- confusion
of theories and traditions
• Tempted to refer to socialism
• For “true” socialism-----more hostile with one
another not to other ideologies

2. • Major pol: force---- confusions
• Socialist ideas------ molded & transformed by
social, cultural & historical forces
• Origin of socialism----- in the nineteenth
century

3. • Modern socialism------- a response to the
liberalism
• socialists objected----- competition & individual
liberty
• human beings ---- by nature social or
communal creatures
• Individuals don’t live or work or reproduce the
species in isolation
• cooperation among individuals, not
competition between them
• foundation of a society------- enjoy liberty,
justice and prosperity.

4. • assign no particular value
• Don’t share the conservative's affection
• private property----- the source of the class
divisions
• Program of distribution wealth and power
• everything that people produce----a social product
participant ----- entitled to a share
• society ------own and control property for the
benefit of all
.

5. • how much property is society to own &
control
• most goods should be regarded as public
property
• major means of production should be publicly
owned & controlled
• anything that contributes to the production,
distribution, and delivery of socially necessary
goods----- socially controlled

6. • Society should own & control a power plant
• "how society is to operate this plant?" ------?
• centralized or decentralized ?
• centralized control
-the state or government assume the responsibility
for managing property & resources
- promotes efficiency of the state
- the top-heavy and sluggish bureaucracies
-centrally planned economies
• The best way-------decentralized or control in groups

7. • differ on important issues
• united in their opposition to unrestricted
capitalism
• determines the distribution of power
• Poor people have a less power
• In a capitalist society, socialists charge
"freedom" and "equality of opportunity" for
many working people
• Early socialists often sought a radical, even
revolutionary, alternative to industrial
capitalism

8. Agent
Common/
working class
Goal
Fulfillment of
human needs
Obstacle
Class divisions,
economic
inequalities

9. • In the late 19th century-----to provide greater
economic security & to integrate the working
class into industrial society
• In the advanced Western Europe, they didn't
see working class as a revolutionary force
• the First World War, the socialist world was
clearly divided b/w "communist" &
"socialist" or "social democratic"

10. • In the 20th century,----- spread into Africa,
Asia & Latin America
• Socialism often developed out of the anti-
colonial struggle
• class exploitation------- colonial oppression,
• a mixture of socialism & nationalism

11. • In the late 20th century------ challenges to socialism
• major reform programs-----mixture of economies &
expanding welfare provision----social democratic
parties
• recession in the 1970s has eroded electoral support
for socialist parties
• the breath and flexibility of socialist ideology has
also been its strength
• difficult to predict the end of an ideology