Photovoltaic lighting systems are unable to reach people with low purchasing power due to high installation costs, so they have traditionally been concentrated in families with high purchasing power and currently do not take into account the social power that this type of system represents. This article analyzes through bibliometric review the effect that lighting can have on human development and how a good lighting system can positively affect a community environment. It is proposed the social design of a photovoltaic lighting system which will be installed in a vulnerable community with resources obtained by the community itself and the whole process of accompaniment achieving a satisfactory impact on the community and achieving integration between the same from community participation. The development of workshops with the children of the community has also been proposed, leading to the training and recognition of alternative energy systems as a strategy of social appropriation.
Social and Problem-Based Learning in Cyberspace: Tools, Techniques & Technolo...Simon Bignell
A conference presentation by Dr Simon Bignell.
Social and Problem-Based Learning in Cyberspace: Tools, Techniques & Technology in Multi-user Virtual World.
Little research has been done into the actual motives underlying the local opposition found in British local communities against renewable energy schemes to be settled in their areas. Further research on the issue
would be helpful for the UK to meet their target share in the battle against climate change.
This work compiles, in a structured way, existing literature about the basic concepts of social networks and communities to be taken on for that research. It outlines the importance of communities’ involvement in
developments, and gives a range of successful cases where communities and developers have provided each other with a range of different benefits. Some lessons from the past are presented that can help
developers to assume proper methods and models for involving communities, as well as to prevent mistakes from being repeated. The document ends with some possibilities for the Government to further encourage community involvement.
Social and Problem-Based Learning in Cyberspace: Tools, Techniques & Technolo...Simon Bignell
A conference presentation by Dr Simon Bignell.
Social and Problem-Based Learning in Cyberspace: Tools, Techniques & Technology in Multi-user Virtual World.
Little research has been done into the actual motives underlying the local opposition found in British local communities against renewable energy schemes to be settled in their areas. Further research on the issue
would be helpful for the UK to meet their target share in the battle against climate change.
This work compiles, in a structured way, existing literature about the basic concepts of social networks and communities to be taken on for that research. It outlines the importance of communities’ involvement in
developments, and gives a range of successful cases where communities and developers have provided each other with a range of different benefits. Some lessons from the past are presented that can help
developers to assume proper methods and models for involving communities, as well as to prevent mistakes from being repeated. The document ends with some possibilities for the Government to further encourage community involvement.
The evolution of sustainable design and Construction Management over the past ten years has produced a lot of literature on environmental sustainability and development. But despite this progress in the last ten years it is still a big challenge to designers, architects, landscape designers, etc. and all other professions that are related to the field of environmental science. . The goal of this paper is to simply create a framework for more accurate approach towards sustainable planning, design and development. The Objective of this paper includes to architecturally defining energy sustainable design in our sustainable Buildings; it is also to stress the concept of green building through design guidelines. This paper outlines, recommend and also create architectural design for sustainability and eliminate unsustainable elements in our building.
Sustainable energy adoption in poor rural areasAraz Taeihagh
Abstract
A growing body of literature recognises the role of local participation by end users in the successful implementation of sustainable development projects. Such community-based initiatives are widely assumed to be beneficial in providing additional savings, increasing knowledge and skills, and improving social cohesion. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the success (or failure) of such projects, as well as a lack of formal impact assessment methodologies that can be used to assess their effectiveness in meeting the needs of communities. Using a case study approach, we investigate the effectiveness of community-based energy projects in regard to achieving long-term renewable energy technology (RET) adoption in energy-poor island communities in the Philippines. This paper provides an alternative analytical framework for assessing the impact of community-based energy projects by defining RET adoption as a continuous and relational process that co-evolves and co-produces over time, highlighting the role of social capital in the long-term RET adoption process. In addition, by using the Social Impact Assessment methodology, we study off-grid, disaster-vulnerable and energy-poor communities in the Philippines and we assess community renewable energy (RE) projects implemented in those communities. We analyse the nature of participation in the RET adoption process, the social relations and interactions formed between and among the different stakeholders, and the characteristics, patterns and challenges of the adoption process.
Highlights
• Community-based approaches aid state-led renewable energy in off-grid areas.
• Social capital in communities addresses immediate energy needs in affected areas.
• Change Mapping in Social Impact Assessment shows community-based RE project impacts.
• Long-term renewable energy adoption involves co-evolving hardware, software, orgware.
• Successful adoption relies on communal mechanisms to sustain renewable energy systems.
I undertook a design project using transition design and participatory design methods to address the livelihood difficulties of London's residents due to the Energy Crisis. Together with several local communities in the South London area, including Camberwell and Copleston, we are designing a future lifestyle that is not overly dependent on energy consumption but transition to greener. The project is summarised in a case study, including a brief comparison with traditional service design.
Our domestic energy intervention study presentation for the NORDICHI2010 conference. Please see the accompanying video of Wattsup on slideshare.net at http://www.slideshare.net/LiSC_/wattsup
Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual...Igor Britchenko
The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to
different levels and areas of economic life. First of all,
this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human
economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of
an individual factor within the framework of a socioeconomic
phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is
central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of
a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the
formation and stabilization of economic systems is the
initial one in the integration of an individual in relation
to production processes and economic development. A
person is involved in academic and social life by making
decisions about their own business and integrating
it into the sectoral and national economic space. It
is proved that its indicators are the conditions for
clustering the economic system. The study carried out
a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country
with an economy in transition.
In addition, the study outlined that inclusive
phenomena in the economy are close to integration
and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is
noted that different institutions of integration can be
used to form objective conditions for the development of
babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the
use of Arrow's impossibility theorem.
The research results can be used:
– the individualistic functions of inclusion should be
used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human
economy and the economy of nanotechnology;
– states of inclusion must be created at all levels of
the economic system;
– a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect
of an inclusive economy, because national wealth
consists of individual wealth.
Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in
the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena,
especially in countries with economies in transition.
Civil Society in an Age of Environmental Accountability HowVinaOconner450
Civil Society in an Age of Environmental Accountability: How
Local Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations Reduce
U.S. Power Plants’ Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Don Grant
1
and Ion Bogdan Vasi
2
Institutional scholars have argued that in the absence of legislation on the issue of climate change, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) can help reduce the amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gases being
emitted to the environment by disseminating environmental norms. Consistent with this reasoning, they
have shown that from the middle of the last century up through the mid-1990s, nations with more member-
ships in NGOs have tended to have lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the aggregate. Doubts
remain, however, about whether NGOs have reduced emissions in the time since and at the level of individ-
ual power plants where the lion’s share of carbon pollution is emitted. Using plant-specific information on
CO2 emissions recently collected by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under its Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Program, we investigate the effects of local environmental NGOs (ENGOs) on plants’
environmental performance. Consistent with our expectations, we find that local ENGOs not only directly
reduce plants’ emissions but indirectly do so by enhancing the effectiveness of subnational climate policies
that encourage energy efficiency. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on the decou-
pling of normative systems, social movements, environmental sociology, and the EPA’s proposed Clean
Power Plan.
KEY WORDS: civil society; Clean Power Plan; energy; environment; pollution; social movements.
INTRODUCTION
At least since Weber, sociologists have stressed how civil society can solve
problems that the market and state either create or ignore. While acknowledging
that the policies promoted by civil society might be adopted but never fully imple-
mented, they suggest that citizen groups can nonetheless be influential within decou-
pled systems by diffusing cultural models that legitimate social movements, spur
corporate action, change government priorities, and reshape people’s attitudes
(Meyer, Ramirez, and Soysal 1992; Ramirez, Soysal, and Shanahan 1997; see also
Hutter and O’Mahoney 2004). Extending this argument, institutional scholars have
argued that in the absence of international legislation on the issue of climate
change, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can still help reduce the amount
of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) being emitted to the environment by
disseminating global, environmental norms to lower levels of society (Frank, Hiron-
aka, and Schofer 2000). Consistent with this reasoning, they have shown that from
the middle of the last century up through the mid-1990s, nations with more
1
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, 327 Ketchum 219, Boulder, Colorado
80309; e-mail: [email protected]
2
Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, 140 Seashore Hall West, ...
The evolution of sustainable design and Construction Management over the past ten years has produced a lot of literature on environmental sustainability and development. But despite this progress in the last ten years it is still a big challenge to designers, architects, landscape designers, etc. and all other professions that are related to the field of environmental science. . The goal of this paper is to simply create a framework for more accurate approach towards sustainable planning, design and development. The Objective of this paper includes to architecturally defining energy sustainable design in our sustainable Buildings; it is also to stress the concept of green building through design guidelines. This paper outlines, recommend and also create architectural design for sustainability and eliminate unsustainable elements in our building.
Sustainable energy adoption in poor rural areasAraz Taeihagh
Abstract
A growing body of literature recognises the role of local participation by end users in the successful implementation of sustainable development projects. Such community-based initiatives are widely assumed to be beneficial in providing additional savings, increasing knowledge and skills, and improving social cohesion. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the success (or failure) of such projects, as well as a lack of formal impact assessment methodologies that can be used to assess their effectiveness in meeting the needs of communities. Using a case study approach, we investigate the effectiveness of community-based energy projects in regard to achieving long-term renewable energy technology (RET) adoption in energy-poor island communities in the Philippines. This paper provides an alternative analytical framework for assessing the impact of community-based energy projects by defining RET adoption as a continuous and relational process that co-evolves and co-produces over time, highlighting the role of social capital in the long-term RET adoption process. In addition, by using the Social Impact Assessment methodology, we study off-grid, disaster-vulnerable and energy-poor communities in the Philippines and we assess community renewable energy (RE) projects implemented in those communities. We analyse the nature of participation in the RET adoption process, the social relations and interactions formed between and among the different stakeholders, and the characteristics, patterns and challenges of the adoption process.
Highlights
• Community-based approaches aid state-led renewable energy in off-grid areas.
• Social capital in communities addresses immediate energy needs in affected areas.
• Change Mapping in Social Impact Assessment shows community-based RE project impacts.
• Long-term renewable energy adoption involves co-evolving hardware, software, orgware.
• Successful adoption relies on communal mechanisms to sustain renewable energy systems.
I undertook a design project using transition design and participatory design methods to address the livelihood difficulties of London's residents due to the Energy Crisis. Together with several local communities in the South London area, including Camberwell and Copleston, we are designing a future lifestyle that is not overly dependent on energy consumption but transition to greener. The project is summarised in a case study, including a brief comparison with traditional service design.
Our domestic energy intervention study presentation for the NORDICHI2010 conference. Please see the accompanying video of Wattsup on slideshare.net at http://www.slideshare.net/LiSC_/wattsup
Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual...Igor Britchenko
The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to
different levels and areas of economic life. First of all,
this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human
economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of
an individual factor within the framework of a socioeconomic
phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is
central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of
a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the
formation and stabilization of economic systems is the
initial one in the integration of an individual in relation
to production processes and economic development. A
person is involved in academic and social life by making
decisions about their own business and integrating
it into the sectoral and national economic space. It
is proved that its indicators are the conditions for
clustering the economic system. The study carried out
a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country
with an economy in transition.
In addition, the study outlined that inclusive
phenomena in the economy are close to integration
and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is
noted that different institutions of integration can be
used to form objective conditions for the development of
babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the
use of Arrow's impossibility theorem.
The research results can be used:
– the individualistic functions of inclusion should be
used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human
economy and the economy of nanotechnology;
– states of inclusion must be created at all levels of
the economic system;
– a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect
of an inclusive economy, because national wealth
consists of individual wealth.
Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in
the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena,
especially in countries with economies in transition.
Civil Society in an Age of Environmental Accountability HowVinaOconner450
Civil Society in an Age of Environmental Accountability: How
Local Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations Reduce
U.S. Power Plants’ Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Don Grant
1
and Ion Bogdan Vasi
2
Institutional scholars have argued that in the absence of legislation on the issue of climate change, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) can help reduce the amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gases being
emitted to the environment by disseminating environmental norms. Consistent with this reasoning, they
have shown that from the middle of the last century up through the mid-1990s, nations with more member-
ships in NGOs have tended to have lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the aggregate. Doubts
remain, however, about whether NGOs have reduced emissions in the time since and at the level of individ-
ual power plants where the lion’s share of carbon pollution is emitted. Using plant-specific information on
CO2 emissions recently collected by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under its Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Program, we investigate the effects of local environmental NGOs (ENGOs) on plants’
environmental performance. Consistent with our expectations, we find that local ENGOs not only directly
reduce plants’ emissions but indirectly do so by enhancing the effectiveness of subnational climate policies
that encourage energy efficiency. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on the decou-
pling of normative systems, social movements, environmental sociology, and the EPA’s proposed Clean
Power Plan.
KEY WORDS: civil society; Clean Power Plan; energy; environment; pollution; social movements.
INTRODUCTION
At least since Weber, sociologists have stressed how civil society can solve
problems that the market and state either create or ignore. While acknowledging
that the policies promoted by civil society might be adopted but never fully imple-
mented, they suggest that citizen groups can nonetheless be influential within decou-
pled systems by diffusing cultural models that legitimate social movements, spur
corporate action, change government priorities, and reshape people’s attitudes
(Meyer, Ramirez, and Soysal 1992; Ramirez, Soysal, and Shanahan 1997; see also
Hutter and O’Mahoney 2004). Extending this argument, institutional scholars have
argued that in the absence of international legislation on the issue of climate
change, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can still help reduce the amount
of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) being emitted to the environment by
disseminating global, environmental norms to lower levels of society (Frank, Hiron-
aka, and Schofer 2000). Consistent with this reasoning, they have shown that from
the middle of the last century up through the mid-1990s, nations with more
1
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, 327 Ketchum 219, Boulder, Colorado
80309; e-mail: [email protected]
2
Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, 140 Seashore Hall West, ...
Dissemination of technology information through YouTube: a case of renewable ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Internet video sharing has been used by scholars for two main purposes. First, it is for informal
scholarly communication including teaching and academic conferences. Second, it is for engagement tool
by contemporary society. Renewable energy technology has also been utilizing internet video sharing
technology for those purposes. It is a promotional tool to disseminate information about the technology as
well as a media for public engagement with renewable energy issues. This paper reviews how YouTube,
the most popular internet video sharing website whose content is created and accessed publicly for free of
charge, has been elaborated in scholarly publication in the various fields prior to showing how renewable
energy is portrayed in YouTube. By using a hundred YouTube most viewed videos, this paper presents an
in-depth and systematic measurement study on the characteristics of YouTube videos on renewable
energy issues.
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
Deep neural networks have accomplished enormous progress in tackling many problems. More specifically, convolutional neural network (CNN) is a category of deep networks that have been a dominant technique in computer vision tasks. Despite that these deep neural networks are highly effective; the ideal structure is still an issue that needs a lot of investigation. Deep Convolutional Neural Network model is usually designed manually by trials and repeated tests which enormously constrain its application. Many hyper-parameters of the CNN can affect the model performance. These parameters are depth of the network, numbers of convolutional layers, and numbers of kernels with their sizes. Therefore, it may be a huge challenge to design an appropriate CNN model that uses optimized hyper-parameters and reduces the reliance on manual involvement and domain expertise. In this paper, a design architecture method for CNNs is proposed by utilization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to learn the optimal CNN hyper-parameters values. In the experiment, we used Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database of handwritten digit recognition. The experiments showed that our proposed approach can find an architecture that is competitive to the state-of-the-art models with a testing error of 0.87%.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
One way to prevent and reduce the spread of the covid-19 pandemic is through physical distancing program. This research aims to develop a prototype contactless transaction system using digital payment mechanisms and QR code technology that will be applied in traditional markets. The method used in the development of electronic market systems is a prototype approach. The application of QR code and digital payments are used as a solution to minimize money exchange contacts that are common in traditional markets. The results showed that the system built was able to accelerate and facilitate the buying and selling transaction process in traditional market environment. Alpha testing shows that all functional systems are running well. Meanwhile, beta testing shows that the user can very well accept the system that was built. The results of the study also show acceptance of the usefulness of the system being built, as well as the optimism of its users to be able to take advantage of this system both technologically and functionally, so its can be a part of the digital transformation of the traditional market to the electronic market and has become one of the solutions in reducing the spread of the current covid-19 pandemic.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
Implementation of double-layer loaded on octagon microstrip yagi antennajournalBEEI
A double-layer loaded on the octagon microstrip yagi antenna (OMYA) at 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) Band is investigated in this paper. The double-layer consist of two double positive (DPS) substrates. The OMYA is overlaid with a double-layer configuration were simulated, fabricated and measured. A good agreement was observed between the computed and measured results of the gain for this antenna. According to comparison results, it shows that 2.5 dB improvement of the OMYA gain can be obtained by applying the double-layer on the top of the OMYA. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the measured OMYA with the double-layer is 14.6%. It indicates that the double-layer can be used to increase the OMYA performance in term of gain and bandwidth.
The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human headjournalBEEI
In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.
Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access...journalBEEI
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
Transforming data-centric eXtensible markup language into relational database...journalBEEI
eXtensible markup language (XML) appeared internationally as the format for data representation over the web. Yet, most organizations are still utilising relational databases as their database solutions. As such, it is crucial to provide seamless integration via effective transformation between these database infrastructures. In this paper, we propose XML-REG to bridge these two technologies based on node-based and path-based approaches. The node-based approach is good to annotate each positional node uniquely, while the path-based approach provides summarised path information to join the nodes. On top of that, a new range labelling is also proposed to annotate nodes uniquely by ensuring the structural relationships are maintained between nodes. If a new node is to be added to the document, re-labelling is not required as the new label will be assigned to the node via the new proposed labelling scheme. Experimental evaluations indicated that the performance of XML-REG exceeded XMap, XRecursive, XAncestor and Mini-XML concerning storing time, query retrieval time and scalability. This research produces a core framework for XML to relational databases (RDB) mapping, which could be adopted in various industries.
Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)journalBEEI
Given the massive potentials of 5G communication networks and their foreseeable evolution, what should there be in 6G that is not in 5G or its long-term evolution? 6G communication networks are estimated to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a forceful network which would be faster, more reliable, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. This article presents a complete overview of potential 6G communication networks. The major contribution of this study is to present a broad overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) of 6G networks that cover the latest manufacturing progress in the environment of the principal areas of research application, and challenges.
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Modeling climate phenomenon with software grids analysis and display system i...journalBEEI
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Social impact of renewable energy systems: solar energy system in vulnerable community case study
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2021, pp. 2337~2344
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3149 2337
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Social impact of renewable energy systems: solar energy system
in vulnerable community case study
Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez1
, Vladimir Henao-Céspedes2
, Diana Marcela Gómez Sánchez3
, Ángel
Andrés López Trujillo4
, Nicolás Toro García5
1,2,3,4
Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
5
Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 18, 2021
Revised Jul 20, 2021
Accepted Aug 25, 2021
Photovoltaic lighting systems are unable to reach people with low purchasing
power due to high installation costs, so they have traditionally been
concentrated in families with high purchasing power and currently do not take
into account the social power that this type of system represents. This article
analyzes through bibliometric review the effect that lighting can have on
human development and how a good lighting system can positively affect a
community environment. It is proposed the social design of a photovoltaic
lighting system which will be installed in a vulnerable community with
resources obtained by the community itself and the whole process of
accompaniment achieving a satisfactory impact on the community and
achieving integration between the same from community participation. The
development of workshops with the children of the community has also been
proposed, leading to the training and recognition of alternative energy systems
as a strategy of social appropriation.
Keywords:
Community environment
Illumination
Photovoltaic lighting system
Social appropriation
Social benefit
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez
Unidad Académica de Formación en Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas
Universidad Católica de Manizales
Cra 23 No. 60-63, Manizales, Colombia
Email: ygarces@ucm.edu.co
1. INTRODUCTION
The illumination of the environments where people live together becomes especially important
when considering the effects, both positive and negative, that it can have on sharing. In relation to the above,
there are studies such as those conducted by [1]-[3], which claim that lighting can produce positive effects on
human moods, as well as provide economic, social and health benefits, energy efficiency and visual comfort.
On the other hand, at the level of coexistence in [4] it is affirmed that the illumination impacts some
psychological and physiological aspects like the arousal, the stress or the relaxation that are directly related to
the violence, it is so, the illumination impacts positively the perception of security of the people, and studies
like the one carried out by [5] has shown how the absence of lighting in common areas, in the case of
Grohon's study in parks, creates an atmosphere of insecurity that leads to the community not using these
spaces. The non-use of the spaces allows outsiders to misappropriate them to generate criminal acts. Based
on the above, this article presents the development of a solar lighting system, which is implemented in some
residential units located in the city of Manizales, Colombia, so that the inhabitants can reappropriate these
spaces, giving them a new meaning. The option of a solar lighting system represents a social benefit at an
economic level [6]-[10], as presented by [11] who indicates that in addition to the mentioned benefit, these
2. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2021 : 2337 – 2344
2338
systems generate social impact at the level of security, improving the lifestyle of women, providing
ecological light without pollution, improving the standard of living and the social situation.
The above are not the only authors who have worked on the social impact of lighting, so that, in
order to generate an overview of publications worldwide related to the subject of this article, an exploratory
bibliometric analysis has been carried out which allows the determination of the main key words related to
lighting. Figures 1 and 2 show the cluster analysis developed in the VOSviewer software [12].
Figure 1. Co-occurrence analysis of all keywords (“efects of lighting”)
The network presented in Figure 1, allows to establish that effectively the illumination can be
related to the following keywords; performance, behavior, perception. The key word "behavior" is relevant to
a study that aims to analyze the social impact of lighting, since as presented above, this is a human and social
factor that is influenced by lighting. On the other hand, given the environment where the present study is
applied, an analysis of the relationship between lighting and poverty is carried out. This analysis yields
interesting results in terms of electrification, renewable energies, access to energy, development of cities and
several references to alternative energies. Figure 2 shows the strong relationship between poverty and
renewable energy systems, which provides the theoretical basis for this article to design a solar lighting
system for a poor community, which is described in the case study.
Among the main authors we can mention Bouzarovski and Petrova [13] Those who raise the
premise that all forms of energy and fuel poverty, in both developed and developing countries, are based on a
common condition: the inability to achieve a level of socially and materially necessary household energy
services. They further argue that domestic energy deprivation in its different forms and ways is
fundamentally linked to the inefficient functioning of the socio-technical pathways that allow the satisfaction
of domestic energy needs within which lighting is listed. For his part Elvidge and others [14] have associated
the poverty index of a country by its levels of illumination from satellite images, which allows us to conclude
how strongly these two aspects are related. Kanagawa and Nakata argue that recently, the multidimensional
aspects of poverty, for example, the economy, education and health, have received increasing attention, and
access to modern energy, such as electricity, is one possible solution to the problems in these aspects [15].
Education, besides being a human activity is a possibility to recognize ourselves as subjects in a
diverse world [16]. The recognition of the subject, the citizen can be the greatest wealth of a community or a
region [17], the work allowed to make a sociocultural recognition and to be approached it was supported in
educational and pedagogical practices with the purpose of building interrelations. The educational practice in
this sense is configured as the possibility for the coexistence in the School, which is understood as the great
social and cultural system where formation and integration processes are achieved as subjects in a complex
world [18].
3. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Social impact of renewable energy systems: solar energy system in … (Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez)
2339
Figure 2. Cluster analysis for poverty and lighting (“lighting” AND “poverty”)
2. CASE OF STUDY
The San Sebastian neighborhood is located in Manizales, a municipality in Colombia. The
neighborhood has been selected as a case study, since its community presents socioeconomic characteristics
that place it as a vulnerable population. The project has been developed as social interest housing subsidized
by the government in part for those families that earn less than two minimum monthly salaries (about US
$300 dollars). Given these characteristics, social organizations have advanced housing plans so that the
community can have its own home. These plans have included constructions of two-family housing and
apartment buildings in horizontal property. The buildings inhabited by the community with which the present
project has been worked on, to assess the social impact that a photovoltaic lighting system can have on the
resignification of the common spaces of the constructions. The construction method as shown in Figure 3
allows four families to live together on one floor, of which only one is in charge of lighting the common area
as shown in Figure 4.
The lighting in these areas is poor and not independent of the internal power grid of the departments.
This generates inconveniences among neighbors, since the owner of the apartment to which the external
lighting is connected experiences an increase in his monthly energy consumption, and therefore decides to
suspend the operation of the lighting, thus generating dark and unsafe common spaces, and an increase in the
rates of insecurity.
As a way to contribute to the solution of a social conflict, and to the resignification of spaces, it was
decided to implement an autonomous photovoltaic lighting system, to guarantee illuminated and safe spaces
for the community. During the development, the community has been included, making a community design,
which stimulates the appropriation of the system for the benefit of the community, achieving integration of
the neighbors and improving the quality of life.
4. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2021 : 2337 – 2344
2340
Figure 3. Construction of buildings where the community resides. Different perspectives
Figure 4. Determination of the area to be illuminated per floor
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For the design of the system that allows to contribute in the solution of the social conflict, we apply
the methodology of participative research participatory action research (PAR) [19], which allows to take into
account the culture, the socioeconomic conditions, the citizen participation, aspects that have been considered
in studies for the design of renewable energy systems, such as [20], and additionally allows empowering
local actors as they become active stakeholders in projects [21]-[23], the previous aspects were reflected in
the methodological process addressed in this study and are shown in Figure 5.
During the sessions with the community, it was possible to carry out the planimetry work to
establish the common area that should be intervened, in Figure 4 it is observed, highlighted in green, this
area. Based on the area that should be illuminated, simulations were made to establish the optimal
characteristics of the lighting system, considering that parameters such as the maximum power point (MPP)
of the panel is sensitive to weather conditions [24]-[28] and partial shading conditions that may be generated
by the building structure itself [29]. Given the above, and considering that the design had to be economic, the
characteristics of the solar panels had to be defined in such a way that they would provide sufficient power
according to the local daily characteristics of solar radiation and ambient temperature, and on the other hand
5. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Social impact of renewable energy systems: solar energy system in … (Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez)
2341
a storage system that would allow the energy to be stored for use at night. In this way, and considering the
total area to be illuminated by each floor, and the total number of floors that should be illuminated, in Table 1
it is possible to observe the elements of the system that was defined to be installed. Table 2 shows number of
homes covered by the solar lighting system.
Figure 5. Social design methodology applied
Table 1. System elements
Item Parameters Quantity Cost (USD)
Solar panel Polycrystalline Solar Panel 2 340
Controller 2 144
Battery 12V 55Ah 2 231
Ilumination Led tape with heatsink 12 102
Pipeline EMT 8 units de 3 m 30
Copper wire 12AWG 30 m 33
Total 880
Table 2. Number of homes covered by the solar lighting system
Floor Number of homes covered Illuminated common area
Sub 1 2 29,22 m2
1 4 29,22 m2
2 4 29,22 m2
3 4 29,22 m2
4 4 29,22 m2
5 4 29,22 m2
TOTAL 22 175,3 m2
Table 1 shows a total cost of the system of US $880, assuming that on each floor residents currently
have 25W energy-saving bulbs installed and that the lighting is turned on an average of 8 hours per day, the
daily consumption is 0.200 kW and knowing that the community pays a value of US $ 0.06 per kW, the
current monthly cost of energy consumption for each floor is US $ 18, and in total for the entire building is
US $ 108. With the above data, it is projected that in a time of approximately 8 months, the community has
recovered the investment made in the system.
On social impact results, by re-dimensioning social actions and practices, which mediated by
pedagogy allowed subjects to be approached according to their particularities, as part of the findings, it was
possible to demonstrate that in a community in basic socioeconomic conditions, citizen participation in
political and regulatory issues is almost nil, being all passive subjects in the decisions and the dynamics of
the city, most of the social actors who were part of the initiative have independent jobs, becoming in their
Recognition of the
community, its needs and
cultural, social, economic
and coexistence
conditions
Mapping and isometric
views
Optimal system analysis in
terms of community
characteristics and system
technologies
Analysis of cost-benefit
correlations to find a
balance and propose
options to the community
that would be responsible
for obtaining the
resources for the
assembly of the system
Workshops on social
appropriation of
knowledge and training in
the community
Knowledge transfer to the
community
6. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2021 : 2337 – 2344
2342
majority the "vital minimum" which from the state's point of view is more than sufficient, an affirmation
from which one has a distance that differs from the official reading.
The generative dialogue allowed a horizontal approach to people, while they were willing and
interested in making their space a much more pleasant place where they could think and act differently. As
part of the results, we were able to build pedagogical strategies based on the neuro-pedagogical, as was the
case of the use of the image as a provocation, inspiring source of topics associated with coexistence, the
agreement, the latter as a pretext to promote the construction of interactions between members of the
community and with which they managed to overcome social conflicts using the agreement to reach decision
making in order to achieve common interests.
Another important result was the use of information and communication technologies as tools in this
case audiovisual that allowed a better familiarization with the topics, thus complementing the dialogues and
workshops conducted with the subjects co-participants, social leaders and the community in general. The
work focused on the development of emotional intelligence, coexistence and self-care as axes that cross the
dynamics in community.
The co-design, favored the functionality of a community space in architectural perspective, coupled
with it, this process enabled as a pretext the meeting of the inhabitants of residential units, participating with
their opinion of what was the most appropriate use for such common spaces and other issues in which such
space could serve for other agreements and activities.
4. CONCLUSION
In this article, the development and implementation of a photovoltaic lighting system was presented
as a way to re-signify common spaces and positively impact the social conflicts that arise in a vulnerable
community. It is demonstrated from the literature, the importance of electricity and lighting in the
strengthening of the social fabric, damaged by lack of electricity or poor lighting systems in vulnerable
communities in developing countries such as where the study was conducted.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by Universidad Católica de Manizales with the Grupo de Investigación en
Desarrollos Tecnológicos y Ambientales GIDTA and the Project “Espacios inhabitados, espacios
resignificados. Construyendo tegido social a travez de la intervención comunitaria” and the Universidad
Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales. This research received external funding from “Fondo Nacional de
Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología, y la Innovación, Fondo Francisco José de Caldas con contrato
No 213-2018 con Código 58960.” Programa “Colombia Científica”.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Yeison A. Garces-Gómez: Electrical Engineer, M.Sc (Eng) Industrial Automation, Ph.D. on
Engineering. Associated Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, UAFCNM,
Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia. E-mail: ygarces@ucm.edu.co. His
research interests include power definitions under no sinusoidal conditions, power quality
analysis, and power electronic applications. He is member of the Research Group on
Tecnhonological and Environmental Development GIDTA and Education and Educators
Traning EFE. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-3652.
8. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2021 : 2337 – 2344
2344
Vladimir Henao-Céspedes: received the B.S degree in electronic engineering, the M.Sc.
degree and the PhD. On engineering from Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales. He
currently an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, UAFCNyM,
and the master of remote sensing, at the Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales. E-
mail: vhenao@ucm.edu.co. His research interests include electromagnetic compatibility,
electromagnetic pollution, and lightning discharges. He is member of the Research Group on
Tecnhonological and Environmental Development GIDTA. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-
3203.
Diana Marcela Gómez Sánchez: Master in Environment and Development, Junior
Researcher at Colciencias, Leader of the line of research in culture, critical thinking and social
innovation. Tutor seedbed of projection and applied social research ATULAA. Research
Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities and Theology. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
8489-7948.
Ángel Andrés López Trujillo Master's in Education, Bachelor of Physical Education,
Recreation and Sports, professor at the Faculty of Education of the Catholic University of
Manizales, doctoral student at the University of Salamanca. Researcher in the area of
education, rural school, evaluation, educational management. Member of the Education and
Training of Educators Research group EFE-A1 in Minisciences, Teachers and Contexts Group
of the University of Caldas. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6421-2032.
Nicolás Toro García: received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree
in automatics from Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, in 1983 and 2012
respectively; the M.S. degree in production automatic systems from Universidad Tecnológica
de Pereira, Colombia, in 2000. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of
Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Computer Science, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, sede de Manizales. His research interests include nonlinear control, nonlinear
dynamics of nonsmooth systems, and power electronic converters. He is a member of the
reasearch group in power resources GIRE at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-4126.