Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (13 (113)), 34–43.
The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to
different levels and areas of economic life. First of all,
this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human
economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of
an individual factor within the framework of a socioeconomic
phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is
central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of
a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the
formation and stabilization of economic systems is the
initial one in the integration of an individual in relation
to production processes and economic development. A
person is involved in academic and social life by making
decisions about their own business and integrating
it into the sectoral and national economic space. It
is proved that its indicators are the conditions for
clustering the economic system. The study carried out
a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country
with an economy in transition.
In addition, the study outlined that inclusive
phenomena in the economy are close to integration
and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is
noted that different institutions of integration can be
used to form objective conditions for the development of
babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the
use of Arrow's impossibility theorem.
The research results can be used:
– the individualistic functions of inclusion should be
used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human
economy and the economy of nanotechnology;
– states of inclusion must be created at all levels of
the economic system;
– a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect
of an inclusive economy, because national wealth
consists of individual wealth.
Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in
the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena,
especially in countries with economies in transition.
Current Shopping Trends In Slovakia/Jana Mitríková, Martina Marchevská, Irina...Igor Britchenko
Understanding the buying and shopping behaviour of current and potential consumers is essential in formulating a successful marketing strategy. It is no longer sufficient for companies to merely produce goods or provide services; companies must know who their consumers are, why they buy, when, where and at what price they buy, and what benefits they expect to gain from the purchase. Companies also need to identify how far consumers are willing to travel to make their purchases and whether the size of the sales area plays a significant role in their preferences. Retailers must also determine whether their customers prefer online shopping or want to buy and spend their leisure time in shopping centres. The paper aims at presenting the selected current trends in buying and shopping through elaborating an overview of the selected research studies and secondary data. The paper also gives an overview of contemporary trends in shopping, customer preferences with regard to types of retail outlets, e-commerce as such, buying and shopping in the online environment and, last but not least, the changes in consumer behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research of the intelligent resource security of the nanoeconomic development...Igor Britchenko
The resources and resource potential of the innovative component of nanoeconomics are analyzed. The factors of production – classical types of resources such as land, labor, capital and technology – are described. Ways of influencing the security resources of nanoeconomics within the innovation paradigm are evaluated. The purpose of the study is to identify the factor of nanoeconomics in the formation of resource security potential in the innovation paradigm. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to characterize the importance of the land resource as a factor in the potential of economic nanosystems; to highlight the importance of capital as a factor of nanoproduction and an indicator of the innovation paradigm; to determine the labor resource in the development of innovative nanosystems; to analyze the intellectual potential of nanoeconomic development of the innovation paradigm; to identify clusters of innovative nanopotential in the regions of countries with transition economies. Each resource is examined separately with the first analysis of a resource security assessment such as land. The other resource under consideration is labor. Demographic factors become decisive in describing the development of labor resources. The capital factor allows the formation of independent economic systems, when the state budget affects the possibility of developing science, education and health care. A number of methods were applied during the study: methods of induction and deduction (to assess the importance of the innovation paradigm for the development of nanoeconomics); system analysis and structural approach (to determine the aggregate state of production factors); method of comparing the quality of production factors in market economies and in developed countries; an observation method (for assessing the state of resources in different countries); method of cluster analysis (to determine the existence of innovation-territorial regions in countries with economies in transition). The analysis is carried out to identify the conditions of the impact of production factors on the innovative paradigm of nanoeconomics. It reveals theoretical approaches to the formation of nanoeconomics and its active development. As a result of the study of intellectual and resource potential of security, a cluster analysis was carried out to assess the conditions for the formation of innovation-territorial regions. This study allows to understand the role of production security factors in the formation of the innovation paradigm and the efficiency of the development of nanoeconomics. The way of providing the basis for the development of nanoeconomics in the form of efficient use of production factors is considered as a perspective.
Information as element of enforcing the state`s information securityIgor Britchenko
The article is devoted to the study of key aspects of the formation of the information policy of the state in terms of the need to ensure its information security. It was determined that information security is not only an organic component of national security but also an important area of its provision. Information security is one of the most important concepts in science and various fields of human activity. The essence and complexity of this concept is the nature of the modern information society. The analysis of different approaches to determining the content of the concept of “information security” provides an opportunity to note the inexpediency of strict choice of a position.
Ensuring innovative development of the marine transport management system in ...Igor Britchenko
The article considers the peculiarities of the transformation of the freight transport management system in the conditions of digital economy formation. The integration of digital platforms into the management system of transport companies is designed to increase the overall efficiency of their activities. At the same time, it is objectively necessary to apply clear criteria for digitization of the maritime traffic management system. It is proved that the introduction of digital software solutions will allow transport companies to reduce their costs and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of their operation.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Current Shopping Trends In Slovakia/Jana Mitríková, Martina Marchevská, Irina...Igor Britchenko
Understanding the buying and shopping behaviour of current and potential consumers is essential in formulating a successful marketing strategy. It is no longer sufficient for companies to merely produce goods or provide services; companies must know who their consumers are, why they buy, when, where and at what price they buy, and what benefits they expect to gain from the purchase. Companies also need to identify how far consumers are willing to travel to make their purchases and whether the size of the sales area plays a significant role in their preferences. Retailers must also determine whether their customers prefer online shopping or want to buy and spend their leisure time in shopping centres. The paper aims at presenting the selected current trends in buying and shopping through elaborating an overview of the selected research studies and secondary data. The paper also gives an overview of contemporary trends in shopping, customer preferences with regard to types of retail outlets, e-commerce as such, buying and shopping in the online environment and, last but not least, the changes in consumer behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research of the intelligent resource security of the nanoeconomic development...Igor Britchenko
The resources and resource potential of the innovative component of nanoeconomics are analyzed. The factors of production – classical types of resources such as land, labor, capital and technology – are described. Ways of influencing the security resources of nanoeconomics within the innovation paradigm are evaluated. The purpose of the study is to identify the factor of nanoeconomics in the formation of resource security potential in the innovation paradigm. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to characterize the importance of the land resource as a factor in the potential of economic nanosystems; to highlight the importance of capital as a factor of nanoproduction and an indicator of the innovation paradigm; to determine the labor resource in the development of innovative nanosystems; to analyze the intellectual potential of nanoeconomic development of the innovation paradigm; to identify clusters of innovative nanopotential in the regions of countries with transition economies. Each resource is examined separately with the first analysis of a resource security assessment such as land. The other resource under consideration is labor. Demographic factors become decisive in describing the development of labor resources. The capital factor allows the formation of independent economic systems, when the state budget affects the possibility of developing science, education and health care. A number of methods were applied during the study: methods of induction and deduction (to assess the importance of the innovation paradigm for the development of nanoeconomics); system analysis and structural approach (to determine the aggregate state of production factors); method of comparing the quality of production factors in market economies and in developed countries; an observation method (for assessing the state of resources in different countries); method of cluster analysis (to determine the existence of innovation-territorial regions in countries with economies in transition). The analysis is carried out to identify the conditions of the impact of production factors on the innovative paradigm of nanoeconomics. It reveals theoretical approaches to the formation of nanoeconomics and its active development. As a result of the study of intellectual and resource potential of security, a cluster analysis was carried out to assess the conditions for the formation of innovation-territorial regions. This study allows to understand the role of production security factors in the formation of the innovation paradigm and the efficiency of the development of nanoeconomics. The way of providing the basis for the development of nanoeconomics in the form of efficient use of production factors is considered as a perspective.
Information as element of enforcing the state`s information securityIgor Britchenko
The article is devoted to the study of key aspects of the formation of the information policy of the state in terms of the need to ensure its information security. It was determined that information security is not only an organic component of national security but also an important area of its provision. Information security is one of the most important concepts in science and various fields of human activity. The essence and complexity of this concept is the nature of the modern information society. The analysis of different approaches to determining the content of the concept of “information security” provides an opportunity to note the inexpediency of strict choice of a position.
Ensuring innovative development of the marine transport management system in ...Igor Britchenko
The article considers the peculiarities of the transformation of the freight transport management system in the conditions of digital economy formation. The integration of digital platforms into the management system of transport companies is designed to increase the overall efficiency of their activities. At the same time, it is objectively necessary to apply clear criteria for digitization of the maritime traffic management system. It is proved that the introduction of digital software solutions will allow transport companies to reduce their costs and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of their operation.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
This policy brief covers a discussion on finance for sustainable development held during a full day conference at the Stockholm School of Economics on May 11, 2015. The event was organized jointly by the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) and the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and was the fifth installment of Development Day – a yearly development policy conference. With the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) expiring in 2015, the members of the United Nations are now in the process of defining a post-2015 development agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build on the eight anti-poverty targets in the MDG but also include a renewed emphasis on environmental and social sustainability. Whatever targets or goals will be agreed upon in the end, we know for certain that reaching the objectives will require substantial financial resources, far beyond the current levels of official development assistance (ODA). To discuss this issue, the conference brought together a distinguished and experienced group of policy-oriented scholars and practitioners from government agencies, international organizations, civil society and the business community.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
The global food price shock of 2006-2008 has particularly affected poorer strata of populations in several developing countries. In Egypt and some other countries it has put food subsidy schemes to the test. This paper develops two comparable computable general equilibrium models for Egypt and Ukraine which are used to simulate direct and indirect impacts of the food price surge and various policy options on the performance of the main macroeconomic indicators as well as on poverty outcomes. The results illustrate the limited ability of realistic policy responses to mitigate negative social consequences of an external price shock. Food import tariff cuts are a partial remedy faring better than other analysed options. Furthermore, the Egyptian system of food subsidies needs substantial reforms limiting the related fiscal burden and improving the targeting of the poor population.
Authored by: Soheir Aboulenein, Heba El Laithy, Omneia Helmy, Hanaa Kheir-El-Din, Liudmyla Kotusenko, Maryla Maliszewska, Dina Mandour, Wojciech Paczynski
Published in 2010
This paper studies determinants of income inequality using a newly assembled panel of 16 countries over the entire twentieth century. We focus on three groups of income earners: the rich (P99-100), the upper middle class (P90-99), and the rest of the population (P0-90). The results show that periods of high economic growth disproportionately increases the top percentile
income share at the expense of the rest of the top decile. Financial development is also pro-rich and the outbreak of banking crises is associated with reduced income shares of the rich. Trade openness has no clear distributional impact (if anything openness reduces top shares). Government spending, however, is negative for the upper middle class and positive for the nine lowest deciles but does not seem to affect the rich. Finally, tax
progressivity reduces top income shares and when accounting for real dynamic effects the impact can be important over time.
Version of March 25, 2009. Please check for updates https://www.elsevier.com/
Read more research publications at: https://www.hhs.se/site
The paper discusses the issue of labor force mobility in a broad sense, and analyses how changes in social security policy and the structure of the social safety net (SSN) affects different aspects of labor force mobility. The text is structured as follows: Introduction, then follows Chapter 2, which provides an overview of the labor market and social safety net developments in Russian and Ukraine over the last decade, as well as discusses common features of these countries. The Chapter 3 establishes theoretical models for different aspects of labor force mobility, discusses the availability of data on Russia and Ukraine to test these models, and provides a statistical analysis of the data. The Chapter 4 discusses results of the statistical analysis. The final chapter discusses policy conclusions that can be derived from comparison of the effect of the SSN on labor mobility in these two countries, and extends them to all countries in transition.
Authored by: Marek Gora, Oleksander Rohozynsky
Published in 2009
Correlation and dependence between: Business –Globalisation - Information Soc...inventionjournals
Changes in competition which are being observed constitute both the result and condition of globalisation. The structure and degree of strictness of competitive fight influence directly the international development strategies of enterprises. Competition in a global dimension creates new systems of connections, as well as a new dimension of the quality of technological progress and new methods of obtaining competitive advantage. It extorts, so to speak, the creation of new models of organising, different ways of coordinating and configuring activities and cooperating with the environment. An important solution that allows to increase the enterprise efficiency functioning is cooperation on the following line: business – globalisation – knowledge. The purpose of this article is to introduce the relationship, as the latest trend inherent to the process of globalisation, playing an important role in the process of international expansion of enterprises. The aim of this article is to give an answer to the following questions: 1.Is there a correlation between business, globalisation, information society and global society? 2.What factors influence the development of business and the process of globalisation and can they be explicitly defined? 3.If there is a correlation between business, globalisation, information society and global society what is the most important factor in this relation?
The Scientific journal “Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science” is issued 24 times a year and is a scientific publication on topical problems of science.
The institution economics became a predominant analytical perspective for developmental national experiences. The economic success or failure has been predominantly explained by the role played by institutions. This approach has particularly been applied to the national experiences where natural resources are abundant and form their main source of exports. Irrespective of this structural dimension, so follows the argument, countries can escape from the “commodity trap” associated to this resource endowment if good institutions can transform this natural asset in an opportunity to foster investment and spread development to other areas and sectors. In these analyses the good economic institutions are normally considered the set of institutions that were supposed to be predominant in developed market economies. This paper considers critically this analysis building its main arguments in two steps. It will be argued that the consolidation of private interests on production of natural resource limit their use for general development economic purpose but it will be argued also that this possibility exists in oil and gas and other strategic mineral raw material when by geopolitical reasons a national vested interest is formed as predominant economic power. Nevertheless this requires an encompassing industrial policy. These arguments will be illuminated by comparisons between Russia, and Venezuela.
Methodological innovations are enabling scientists to study how events in the distant past affect contemporary life. Nunn reviews recent research at the intersection of history, development, and culture that aims to understand the cultural evolution of economic development. The persistence of global inequality is used as a case study to demonstrate the interplay of these dynamics. Future areas of research and implications for policy are discussed
This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on the real sector. While most studies in this field have so far concentrated on aggregate variables, we pursue a sectoral approach distinguishing between the tradable and nontradable sectors. Firstly, we present a survey of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. This demonstrates that evaluations of exchange rate regimes and their impact on the real economy are largely dependant on specific assumptions concerning, in particular, the parameters of a utility function, the nature of the price adjustment process and the characteristics of analysed shocks. Secondly, we conduct an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the tradable and nontradable sectors under different exchange rate regimes for seven Central and Eastern European countries. We find no firm evidence of a differential impact of given exchange rate regimes on the dynamics of output and prices in the two sectors. We proffer a conceptual and technical interpretation of this.
Authored by: Przemyslaw Kowalski, Wojciech Paczynski, Łukasz Rawdanowicz
Published in 2003
Although there exists a vast literature on aid efficiency (the effect of aid on GDP), and that aid allocation determinants have been estimated, little is known about the minute details of aid allocation. This article investigates empirically a claim repeatedly made in the past that aid donors herd. Building upon a methodology applied to financial markets, this article finds that aid donors herd similarly to portfolio funds on financial markets. It also estimates the causes of herding and finds that political transitions towards more autocratic regimes repel donors, but that transitions towards democracy have no effect. Finally, identified causes of herding explain little of its overall level, suggesting strategic motives play an important role.
This paper studies costs and benefits of institutional harmonisation in the context of EU relations with its neighbors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the likely forms of institutional harmonisation between the EU and its Eastern neighbors and provide an
overview of the methodologies that can be used in measuring its effects (costs and benefits). This paper serves as a background for two measurement exercises – one on benefits and another on costs – that are to be undertaken during the second stage of research.
Authored by: Veliko Dimitrov, Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Anna Kolesnichenko, Irina Orlova
Published in 2007
The aim of the project is to analyze government support for innovation in a comparative perspective by first examining the main existing instruments of financial support for innovation in Turkey and Poland, and secondly to assess their effectiveness by applying recent econometric techniques to firm-level data for both countries obtained from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS).
Authored by: Wojciech Grabowski, M. Teoman Pamukcu, Krzysztof Szczygielski, Sinan Tandogan
Published in 2013
This study is an evaluation of the impact of a food for education program implemented in primary schools (grades 1–6) in six Cambodian provinces between 1999 and 2003. We find that school enrolment increased to varying degrees in relation to different designs of the intervention. We also investigate the effect of the program in terms of completed education and probability of having ever been in school, following up the affected cohorts in a 2009 survey. With an estimated cost of US$85 per additional child in school per year, the program can be considered very cost-effective
within a comparable class of interventions.
Check the latest research publications and presentations on our website http://www.hhs.se/site
The study tried to examine the effect of environmental forces on foreign exchange market in Nigeria. The PEST- Political variables such as change in government (CIG) and democratic rule (DMR); Economical variables such as interest rate spread (IRS) and inflation in consumer prices (ICP); Social variable like population growth (PGR); and Technological variables such as fuel exports in merchandise (FEM) and technology export (TEX) were used to evaluate the impact these environmental factors have on foreign exchange market (official exchange rate). This study employed a time series data with the time frame 1973-2015. A multiple regression model was developed and analyzed using the ordinary least square method (OLS) with the help of E-views, a statistical package. The result showed that in isolation, IRS, FEM and DMR significantly influenced dealing rates in the Nigerian foreign exchange market while ICP, CIG, PGR, and TEX did not show any significant influence on foreign exchange market in Nigeria. However, the overall result showed a significant positive relationship between the environmental forces and the foreign exchange market in Nigeria with a p -value of 0.000000. We therefore concluded that environmental factors have significant influence on the Nigerian Foreign Exchange market. Hence, we recommended that relevant stake holders should pay proper attention to those environmental factors with significant impact on our Foreign Exchange Market in Nigeria.
Identification of regularities in the development of the baby economy as a co...Igor Britchenko
This study has proven that the economic system is determined by various components, in particular, it includes the real sector of the economy, which is formed on mega-, macro, meso-, micro-and nano-levels. In addition, it was proved that the nano-level is determined by the activities of individuals whose economic activity begins with the birth and attitude of parents, attending various educational and upbringing institutions, and studying at university. A separate segment of the nano-level of the economic system is the baby industry responsible for the production of goods and services for children and future parents. All these aspects are indicators of the development of the baby economy. Such an economic category as the baby economy was separated and defined. The study uses the following methods: analysis, synthesis, structural analysis, systemic approach, observation, comparison, multifactor regression. These methods made it possible to achieve the results, which involve isolation of the baby economy as a component of nanoeconomy and definition of such components of the baby economic segment of nanoeconomy as a family or household economy, the baby industry, the economy of the educational process and upbringing. For this purpose, the value-institutional approach was applied. In addition, multifactorial analysis of the impact of indicators of the baby economy development on the population of a country with a transitive economy with incomes below the subsistence minimum was performed. This analysis identified a direct but minor relationship between these phenomena, which demonstrates the need to intensify and create a policy for the baby economy in similar states. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is determined by the introduction of a new economic category of "the baby economy" for the formation of a nano economic component within socio-economic systems.
Environmental and economic security in the conditions of the Ukraine`s economyIgor Britchenko
The article examines the peculiarities and modern specifics of the formation of ecological and economic security in Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization. It was determined that the lack of dynamic growth, the violation of the optimal balance and balance of the ecological and economic system are caused by the depletion of raw resources, a decrease in the overall potential of the environment, and the irrational use of natural resources. It has been proven that in the conditions of digitalization, a new challenge for all enterprises is to ensure the ecological and economic efficiency of their activities, which combines the principles of transparency and openness in their functioning. It has been proven that the strategy of environmentally-oriented economic development should be aimed at solving environmental problems and preserving biological diversity.
This policy brief covers a discussion on finance for sustainable development held during a full day conference at the Stockholm School of Economics on May 11, 2015. The event was organized jointly by the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) and the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and was the fifth installment of Development Day – a yearly development policy conference. With the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) expiring in 2015, the members of the United Nations are now in the process of defining a post-2015 development agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build on the eight anti-poverty targets in the MDG but also include a renewed emphasis on environmental and social sustainability. Whatever targets or goals will be agreed upon in the end, we know for certain that reaching the objectives will require substantial financial resources, far beyond the current levels of official development assistance (ODA). To discuss this issue, the conference brought together a distinguished and experienced group of policy-oriented scholars and practitioners from government agencies, international organizations, civil society and the business community.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
The global food price shock of 2006-2008 has particularly affected poorer strata of populations in several developing countries. In Egypt and some other countries it has put food subsidy schemes to the test. This paper develops two comparable computable general equilibrium models for Egypt and Ukraine which are used to simulate direct and indirect impacts of the food price surge and various policy options on the performance of the main macroeconomic indicators as well as on poverty outcomes. The results illustrate the limited ability of realistic policy responses to mitigate negative social consequences of an external price shock. Food import tariff cuts are a partial remedy faring better than other analysed options. Furthermore, the Egyptian system of food subsidies needs substantial reforms limiting the related fiscal burden and improving the targeting of the poor population.
Authored by: Soheir Aboulenein, Heba El Laithy, Omneia Helmy, Hanaa Kheir-El-Din, Liudmyla Kotusenko, Maryla Maliszewska, Dina Mandour, Wojciech Paczynski
Published in 2010
This paper studies determinants of income inequality using a newly assembled panel of 16 countries over the entire twentieth century. We focus on three groups of income earners: the rich (P99-100), the upper middle class (P90-99), and the rest of the population (P0-90). The results show that periods of high economic growth disproportionately increases the top percentile
income share at the expense of the rest of the top decile. Financial development is also pro-rich and the outbreak of banking crises is associated with reduced income shares of the rich. Trade openness has no clear distributional impact (if anything openness reduces top shares). Government spending, however, is negative for the upper middle class and positive for the nine lowest deciles but does not seem to affect the rich. Finally, tax
progressivity reduces top income shares and when accounting for real dynamic effects the impact can be important over time.
Version of March 25, 2009. Please check for updates https://www.elsevier.com/
Read more research publications at: https://www.hhs.se/site
The paper discusses the issue of labor force mobility in a broad sense, and analyses how changes in social security policy and the structure of the social safety net (SSN) affects different aspects of labor force mobility. The text is structured as follows: Introduction, then follows Chapter 2, which provides an overview of the labor market and social safety net developments in Russian and Ukraine over the last decade, as well as discusses common features of these countries. The Chapter 3 establishes theoretical models for different aspects of labor force mobility, discusses the availability of data on Russia and Ukraine to test these models, and provides a statistical analysis of the data. The Chapter 4 discusses results of the statistical analysis. The final chapter discusses policy conclusions that can be derived from comparison of the effect of the SSN on labor mobility in these two countries, and extends them to all countries in transition.
Authored by: Marek Gora, Oleksander Rohozynsky
Published in 2009
Correlation and dependence between: Business –Globalisation - Information Soc...inventionjournals
Changes in competition which are being observed constitute both the result and condition of globalisation. The structure and degree of strictness of competitive fight influence directly the international development strategies of enterprises. Competition in a global dimension creates new systems of connections, as well as a new dimension of the quality of technological progress and new methods of obtaining competitive advantage. It extorts, so to speak, the creation of new models of organising, different ways of coordinating and configuring activities and cooperating with the environment. An important solution that allows to increase the enterprise efficiency functioning is cooperation on the following line: business – globalisation – knowledge. The purpose of this article is to introduce the relationship, as the latest trend inherent to the process of globalisation, playing an important role in the process of international expansion of enterprises. The aim of this article is to give an answer to the following questions: 1.Is there a correlation between business, globalisation, information society and global society? 2.What factors influence the development of business and the process of globalisation and can they be explicitly defined? 3.If there is a correlation between business, globalisation, information society and global society what is the most important factor in this relation?
The Scientific journal “Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science” is issued 24 times a year and is a scientific publication on topical problems of science.
The institution economics became a predominant analytical perspective for developmental national experiences. The economic success or failure has been predominantly explained by the role played by institutions. This approach has particularly been applied to the national experiences where natural resources are abundant and form their main source of exports. Irrespective of this structural dimension, so follows the argument, countries can escape from the “commodity trap” associated to this resource endowment if good institutions can transform this natural asset in an opportunity to foster investment and spread development to other areas and sectors. In these analyses the good economic institutions are normally considered the set of institutions that were supposed to be predominant in developed market economies. This paper considers critically this analysis building its main arguments in two steps. It will be argued that the consolidation of private interests on production of natural resource limit their use for general development economic purpose but it will be argued also that this possibility exists in oil and gas and other strategic mineral raw material when by geopolitical reasons a national vested interest is formed as predominant economic power. Nevertheless this requires an encompassing industrial policy. These arguments will be illuminated by comparisons between Russia, and Venezuela.
Methodological innovations are enabling scientists to study how events in the distant past affect contemporary life. Nunn reviews recent research at the intersection of history, development, and culture that aims to understand the cultural evolution of economic development. The persistence of global inequality is used as a case study to demonstrate the interplay of these dynamics. Future areas of research and implications for policy are discussed
This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on the real sector. While most studies in this field have so far concentrated on aggregate variables, we pursue a sectoral approach distinguishing between the tradable and nontradable sectors. Firstly, we present a survey of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. This demonstrates that evaluations of exchange rate regimes and their impact on the real economy are largely dependant on specific assumptions concerning, in particular, the parameters of a utility function, the nature of the price adjustment process and the characteristics of analysed shocks. Secondly, we conduct an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the tradable and nontradable sectors under different exchange rate regimes for seven Central and Eastern European countries. We find no firm evidence of a differential impact of given exchange rate regimes on the dynamics of output and prices in the two sectors. We proffer a conceptual and technical interpretation of this.
Authored by: Przemyslaw Kowalski, Wojciech Paczynski, Łukasz Rawdanowicz
Published in 2003
Although there exists a vast literature on aid efficiency (the effect of aid on GDP), and that aid allocation determinants have been estimated, little is known about the minute details of aid allocation. This article investigates empirically a claim repeatedly made in the past that aid donors herd. Building upon a methodology applied to financial markets, this article finds that aid donors herd similarly to portfolio funds on financial markets. It also estimates the causes of herding and finds that political transitions towards more autocratic regimes repel donors, but that transitions towards democracy have no effect. Finally, identified causes of herding explain little of its overall level, suggesting strategic motives play an important role.
This paper studies costs and benefits of institutional harmonisation in the context of EU relations with its neighbors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the likely forms of institutional harmonisation between the EU and its Eastern neighbors and provide an
overview of the methodologies that can be used in measuring its effects (costs and benefits). This paper serves as a background for two measurement exercises – one on benefits and another on costs – that are to be undertaken during the second stage of research.
Authored by: Veliko Dimitrov, Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Anna Kolesnichenko, Irina Orlova
Published in 2007
The aim of the project is to analyze government support for innovation in a comparative perspective by first examining the main existing instruments of financial support for innovation in Turkey and Poland, and secondly to assess their effectiveness by applying recent econometric techniques to firm-level data for both countries obtained from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS).
Authored by: Wojciech Grabowski, M. Teoman Pamukcu, Krzysztof Szczygielski, Sinan Tandogan
Published in 2013
This study is an evaluation of the impact of a food for education program implemented in primary schools (grades 1–6) in six Cambodian provinces between 1999 and 2003. We find that school enrolment increased to varying degrees in relation to different designs of the intervention. We also investigate the effect of the program in terms of completed education and probability of having ever been in school, following up the affected cohorts in a 2009 survey. With an estimated cost of US$85 per additional child in school per year, the program can be considered very cost-effective
within a comparable class of interventions.
Check the latest research publications and presentations on our website http://www.hhs.se/site
The study tried to examine the effect of environmental forces on foreign exchange market in Nigeria. The PEST- Political variables such as change in government (CIG) and democratic rule (DMR); Economical variables such as interest rate spread (IRS) and inflation in consumer prices (ICP); Social variable like population growth (PGR); and Technological variables such as fuel exports in merchandise (FEM) and technology export (TEX) were used to evaluate the impact these environmental factors have on foreign exchange market (official exchange rate). This study employed a time series data with the time frame 1973-2015. A multiple regression model was developed and analyzed using the ordinary least square method (OLS) with the help of E-views, a statistical package. The result showed that in isolation, IRS, FEM and DMR significantly influenced dealing rates in the Nigerian foreign exchange market while ICP, CIG, PGR, and TEX did not show any significant influence on foreign exchange market in Nigeria. However, the overall result showed a significant positive relationship between the environmental forces and the foreign exchange market in Nigeria with a p -value of 0.000000. We therefore concluded that environmental factors have significant influence on the Nigerian Foreign Exchange market. Hence, we recommended that relevant stake holders should pay proper attention to those environmental factors with significant impact on our Foreign Exchange Market in Nigeria.
Impact of Environmental Factors on Foreign Exchange Fluctuations in Nigeria
Similar to Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (13 (113)), 34–43.
Identification of regularities in the development of the baby economy as a co...Igor Britchenko
This study has proven that the economic system is determined by various components, in particular, it includes the real sector of the economy, which is formed on mega-, macro, meso-, micro-and nano-levels. In addition, it was proved that the nano-level is determined by the activities of individuals whose economic activity begins with the birth and attitude of parents, attending various educational and upbringing institutions, and studying at university. A separate segment of the nano-level of the economic system is the baby industry responsible for the production of goods and services for children and future parents. All these aspects are indicators of the development of the baby economy. Such an economic category as the baby economy was separated and defined. The study uses the following methods: analysis, synthesis, structural analysis, systemic approach, observation, comparison, multifactor regression. These methods made it possible to achieve the results, which involve isolation of the baby economy as a component of nanoeconomy and definition of such components of the baby economic segment of nanoeconomy as a family or household economy, the baby industry, the economy of the educational process and upbringing. For this purpose, the value-institutional approach was applied. In addition, multifactorial analysis of the impact of indicators of the baby economy development on the population of a country with a transitive economy with incomes below the subsistence minimum was performed. This analysis identified a direct but minor relationship between these phenomena, which demonstrates the need to intensify and create a policy for the baby economy in similar states. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is determined by the introduction of a new economic category of "the baby economy" for the formation of a nano economic component within socio-economic systems.
Environmental and economic security in the conditions of the Ukraine`s economyIgor Britchenko
The article examines the peculiarities and modern specifics of the formation of ecological and economic security in Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization. It was determined that the lack of dynamic growth, the violation of the optimal balance and balance of the ecological and economic system are caused by the depletion of raw resources, a decrease in the overall potential of the environment, and the irrational use of natural resources. It has been proven that in the conditions of digitalization, a new challenge for all enterprises is to ensure the ecological and economic efficiency of their activities, which combines the principles of transparency and openness in their functioning. It has been proven that the strategy of environmentally-oriented economic development should be aimed at solving environmental problems and preserving biological diversity.
Analysis of the Main Threats to the System of Sustainable Development and Pla...Igor Britchenko
The main purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main threats to the system of sustainable development and planning of the region in terms of ensuring the economic security of the state. To do this, we applied a methodology that allows us to establish the dependence and connection between threats and to determine the level structure of measures to counter the negative impact of these threats on a particular region. The relevance of the study is given by the fact that the regions of Europe today are also suffering from military actions on the territory of Ukraine. As a result of the study, a multi-level matrix of the hierarchy of the negative impact of threats on the system of sustainable development and planning of the region was formed in the context of ensuring the economic security of the state. The use of this matrix is a relatively new and more effective way to determine the measure of the impact of certain phenomena. The study has limitations and they concern the selection of only one region therefore further research needs to expand and apply our matrix to more regions.
Human Development of Human Capital as Per Reforms in Central Asia IIJSRJournal
In this paper, a comprehensive multi-objective model has been proposed to optimize a supply chain when new product launches and risks emerge. In doing so, primarily, a set of risks and needed mitigation strategies are identified; secondly, the essential criteria of new product development (NPD) are introduced. These criteria are then weighted by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Based on the calculated weights, manufacturers, which are the model’s second echelon are being ranked by the fuzzy-TOPSIS method. Since the model is of non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness (np-hard), due to its complexity, two different meta-heuristic algorithms –multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II)- are conducted. Finally, the outputs of these algorithms are compared from the indices of quality, dispersion, and uniformity. The results illustrate that the production cost is of the highest rating among the most critical NPD criteria. The performance comparison of both aforementioned meta-heuristic algorithms reveals that MOPSO has the higher capability to explore the feasible region and solve the problem than NSGA-II. Whereas, from the aspect of run-time efficiency, NSGA-II has a faster execution time than MOPSO.
The impact of COVID-19 on the philosophy of doing business in a sustainable e...Igor Britchenko
The article presents the results of the analysis of business philosophy changes under
the influence of COVID-19 in the context of sustainable development. The aim of the
article is to study the change in the philosophy of doing business under the influence of
COVID-19 consequences and to highlight the main features of the philosophy and vectors of development. In the process of describing the business philosophy, the authors proposed an approach based on the criteria of sustainable development. The
methodological basis of the study were methods of comparison, generalisation, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, and expert evaluation. Characterisation of certain business philosophies was based on open public information on certain sectors of the economy, according to GICS. This approach enabled international comparability of
research results. The authors found that the business philosophy has changed under the influence of COVID-19 and received an ecological, socio-psychological focus. Analysis
of business philosophies allowed us to identify new slogans in the philosophy of
generalised enterprises by sectors of the economy (industrial and consumer). The
hypothesis that the business philosophy should be simple and customer-oriented has
been confirmed. At the heart of this philosophy are social responsibility, economic
aspects, corporate culture, and the goals of sustainable development.
Determining the impact of global-local transformations of property on the for...Igor Britchenko
The object of research is the relationship between the processes of formation of the information-network society and the global-local transformation of property relations at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The problem has been identified that the limitations of theoretical approaches to explain the content and interrelation of property relations and the social meaning of high-tech development have led to an increase in general socio-economic instability. To solve the problem, the definition of the institution of property as an economic good is provided. A three-level traditional model of public management has been highlighted. It is shown that the existing triple structure of the public sector of economy should acquire a different value content. The new model in the dynamic unity of markets of pure public benefits, public goods, private goods harmonizes public interests, strengthens relations of trust. This model forms the foundations for the formation of nanoeconomics in a broad sense as the forerunner of harmonious institutional architectonics of the economy. Nanoeconomics, as part of baby economics, human economics, and economics of nanotechnology, is based on the principles of rational behavior in making economic decisions within the limits of power. In the depths of baby economics, skills and competencies are formed in handling property. The human economy ensures the proper implementation of property functions. Within the experimental part of the study, a mathematical model of multifactor regression is constructed. The model confirmed the presence of dense dependence (0.9076) of the growth of GDP per capita on the state of distribution of property rights in the national economy. The area of practical use of the results is the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy through the activation of its domestic business potential.
Analysis of the Local Potential of Kweel Village for Strengthening the Commun...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to identify and analyze local potential that can improve the community's
economy in Kampung Kweel. Local potentials that are expected to be developed include those from the
agricultural sector (rice), plantations (tubers), fisheries (fresh water fish), and trade. This research was
conducted for 4 months and will be carried out in Kampung Kweel. The research sample was 22 people. This
type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The stages of this study include 1) observation stage, 2) data
collection and processing stage, 3) data analysis and evaluation stage. Data analysis techniques using interviews,
questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed that the main commodities that could be further
developed in Kampung Kweel were bananas, rambutan, coconut, tilapia fish, and snapper. The constraints
experienced by the community are the unavailability of transportation and marketing channels for plantation and
fishery products. In conclusion, Kampung Kweel has abundant natural potential which can be optimized for the
establishment of BUMK.
Keywords :natural potential, economy, Kweel Village
The Area Units for Employment, Local and Technological Development: A Model f...Territorial Intelligence
Huelva 2007, International Conference of Territorial Intelligence organised in the framework of CAENTI. WORKSHOP 3: Sustainable Territorial Development Studies
Discussion 1 Please review the chapter once again. Chapter 1 is a.docxcuddietheresa
Discussion 1: Please review the chapter once again. Chapter 1 is a guide for the rest of the book. The book is a compilation of articles that have been selected to address the topics that are addressed in the course. This chapter is a roadmap for the rest of the course. Although we are not going to be reading all of the articles, we see that the chapters that are included in our reading in the course do address the topics of importance that are outlined in the chapter.
Discussion 2: Please answer the following two questions in your main posting this week.
Do you agree or disagree with the skills and competencies that have been identified in the article this week.
What did the authors miss if anything?
Discussion 3: Describe the different ways in which policy models are used.
What are the key lessons for policy modeling, according to this paper?
Based on the examples that are provided, do you agree that these models would be useful? Please explain why or why not.
Discussion 4: Please find a total of 4 websites that are related to modeling policy with simulations. These can be and include eGovPoliNet and others that have been mentioned in the papers, readings or videos. They can be community-based, software based, or other, but make sure they are related to the topics that we are discussing this week.
Please describe the purpose of the website.
What you learned from visiting the website.
Anything else what you want to describe.
Discussion 5: Please find a video from any source that is sharable and post this in the main discussion. The video should cover a technology adoption theory. A technology adoption theory is a theory that is used to describe how and why technology is adopted. Additionally, write a short introduction which describes the theory that the video is covering and why you think this is valuable for discussion this week.
Discussion 6: Question: How would social media affect the early adoption of eco-farming in the 1980’s if it was available in that time period? What are the different ways that it could be applied? Who would be the stakeholders?
Public Administration and Information
Technology
Volume 10
Series Editor
Christopher G. Reddick
San Antonio, Texas, USA
[email protected]
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10796
[email protected]
Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer
Ameneh Deljoo
Editors
Policy Practice and Digital
Science
Integrating Complex Systems, Social
Simulation and Public Administration
in Policy Research
2123
[email protected]
Editors
Marijn Janssen Ameneh Deljoo
Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management Management
Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology
Delft Delft
The Netherlands The Netherlands
Maria A. Wimmer
Institute for Information Systems Research
University of Koblenz-Landau
Koblenz
Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-12783-5 ISBN 978-3-319-12784-2 (eBook)
Public Administration and Information ...
Towards Sustainability of Open Space’s Planning and Management in Nigeria: Ro...Agboola Paul
This paper critically explores the influencing roles plays by science and technology on evolving a sustainable environment integrated with appropriate open space planning and management. It identified and discussed the strategic imperatives for sustainable development, and recommends the need for the government of developing countries to initiate an effective policy formulation. The significance of the study hinged on efforts geared towards matching up with open space planning and managements in Nigeria as developing countries
Similar to Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (13 (113)), 34–43. (20)
Financial and Economic Tools of Project Management in Public SectorIgor Britchenko
The article examines the introduction of project management as a result of the implementation of administrative reforms in modern states based on the management paradigm of New Public Management and New Public Governance. Based on both experts’ opinions and a number of cases from different counties, it is shown that the development of such elements of new public management as focus on achieving results, monitoring of quantitative and qualitative performance indicators, budget savings, creative organizational culture, became possible thanks to a set of economic and strategic tools that characterize project management, especially PMBoK. The expediency of a large-scale transition to professional management of public projects through the use of the generally recognized PMBoK standard, as well as the “living” Agile project methodology, is substantiated.
Financial Capacity of Insurance Companies as a Factor of Stable Development o...Igor Britchenko
The relevance of the article is based on an in-depth study of the financial potential of insurers and its impact on the insurance market, which provides valuable information for the stakeholders of the insurance industry. Therefore, this study aims to determine approaches to revealing the essence of the financial capacity of insurers, based on the scientific tools of financial science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of the dynamics of liabilities (raised and borrowed funds) and equity capital of insurers and the relationship between them, which enables a comprehensive look at the impact of these indicators on the development of insurance market and internal and external factors that have both an objective and subjective impact on the financial capacity of insurers and the insurance market. The article defines the stages and methodology of assessing the financial condition of insurers. In particular, the normative method, the comparative method, the static method, the formal-logical method, the economic-mathematical method, the method of analysis and synthesis became the leading research methods. These assessment methods are crucial for the timely determination of the current state of financial capacity and its potential. Using a multivariate correlation-regression model, the authors demonstrate the importance of various components of financial capacity. The presented results will be useful to various stakeholders in the insurance industry as they provide a deeper understanding of their financial strength, including the dynamics of liabilities, equity and leveraged funds. First of all, it was established that financial resources are the basis of financial capacity. Secondly, the definition of the insurance company's financial resources as a source and component of the company's functioning is formulated. Thirdly, it is shown that the insurer's financial capacity is logically dependent on its investment capacity, which is determined by the amount of financial resources. It was also determined that financial capacity is a dynamic quantity and is manifested only in the process of its use and ideally should be accompanied by its growth. Among them, it was proved that the main components that significantly affect the formation of the financial potential of insurers and the growth of the insurance market of Ukraine are insurance reserves and authorized capital. These conclusions can easily become the basis for the formation of further state insurance policy, which will be followed through legislative reforms, increased competition in the insurance market and will result in an increase in the level of trust among the population.
Bogdan Kołcz, Mechanizmy bezpieczeństwa systemu przeciwdziałania poważnym awa...Igor Britchenko
Prezentowana monografia wskazuje na mechanizmy które powinny zapobiegać i ograniczać do minimum skutki poważnej awarii w odniesieniu do ludzi, środowiska, mienia poprzez dostosowanie uwarunkowań prawnych i organizacyjnych wobec podejmowanych czynności przez zakłady dużego ryzyka, organy administracji publicznej, podmioty ratownicze współdziałające w sytuacji awaryjnej.
W tym zakresie aby osiągnąć swój cel autor dokonał w procesie badawczym zderzenia dwóch najważniejszych systemów w tej kwestii funkcjonujących w Polsce, a mianowicie systemu przeciwdziałania poważnym awariom przemysłowym oraz krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego. W badaniach empirycznych zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego wykorzystując technikę badania dokumentów w szczególności dokumentacji i analiz z ćwiczeń wewnętrznego planu operacyjno-ratowniczego oraz zewnętrznego planu operacyjno-ratowniczego dla określenia dotychczasowych działań i realizacji zadań nałożonych na zakłady dużego ryzyka i jednostki Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. Wykorzystano również technikę badania ankietowego wśród zespołów kierowania inżynieryjno-technicznego zakładów dużego ryzyka oraz funkcjonariuszy z jednostek Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w ramach których funkcjonuje specjalistyczna grupa ratownictwa chemiczno-ekologicznego.
W monografii problemem badawczym staje się potrzeba określenia, czy spełniane są wymagania formalnoprawne i organizacyjne w zakresie podejmowanych czynności zapobiegawczych i ograniczających skutki poważnej awarii oraz czy realizowane są efektywnie przez zespoły zakładowe we współdziałaniu z podmiotami ratowniczymi. Stosowne wdrożenie przepisów wykonawczych oraz elementów organizacyjnych do zakresu operacyjno-ratowniczego usprawni efektywność w działaniu zespołów zakładowych oraz podmiotów ratowniczych a tym samym zwiększy bezpieczeństwo w zakładach dużego ryzyka.
Economic and mathematical modeling of integration influence of information an...Igor Britchenko
This research aims at establishing the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on ecommerce development of industrial enterprises by means of economic and mathematical modelling. The goal was achieved using the following methods: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis (to critically analyse the scientific approaches of scientists regarding the expediency of using mathematical models in the context of enterprises’ e-commerce development), target, comparison and grouping (to reveal innovative methodological approach to assessing ICT impact on e-commerce development of industrial enterprises), tabular, analytical and integral method (for summarizing the analysis results of enterprises readiness to implement ICT, ICT use in the activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine and the analysis of e-commerce development), mathematical modelling (to build a regression model determining impact of changes in ICT use on the market share occupied by industrial enterprises), generalization (to determine promising directions of e-commerce developing of industrial enterprises). The implementation of a comprehensive approach to understanding the importance of ICT influence on e-commerce development of industrial enterprises will ensure acceleration of the digitalization of business processes, will contribute to the speed increase of enterprises response to customer requests, and increase the market share occupied by enterprises. A new vision of directions for developing e-commerce of industrial enterprises is suggested, which are determined by the need for enterprise rebranding, the development of e-commerce tools and technologies, the importance of outsourcing service automation and promotion of subscription trade. ICT is considered as integration factor that determines prospects for e-commerce development of industrial enterprises and contributes to increasing efficiency of online business management. Research results demonstrate that the use of economic and mathematical modelling is an important tool for assessing ICT impact, and its absence can negatively affect the accuracy and validity of online business management.
Britchenko I., Chukurna O., Tardaskina T., Digital economy: Textbook. Sofia: ...Igor Britchenko
The textbook contains conceptual, methodological and methodological provisions for management in the digital economy. The replacement of the concept of the digital economy and the concept of management in the digital economy is open.
The development of cutting-edge technologies in management in the minds of the digital economy has been highlighted. Particular attention is paid to blockchain technology, dark calculations and great data (Big Data), as the basis for making decisions in the digital economy. Significant technologies for the development of artificial intelligence in various areas of business, e-commerce, management, marketing, finance and education. The fundamentals of information security management in the digital economy are reviewed. Provided diagrams, tables, rules for independent work.
For graduates and students of economic specialties, scientists.
Determinants of enterprise's financial security/Larysa Dokiienko, Nataliya Hr...Igor Britchenko
Our main purpose of the article was to substantiate the methodical approach to assess the enterprise's financial security based on the use of a model set for determining its parameters depending on the characteristics of financing activities and the associated level of risk. The proposed approach created opportunities to determine the parameters of the enterprise's financial security on the scale "level – status – position – zone" in the process of current and strategic management of not only financial security, but also the success of the enterprise as a whole. Based on the financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises by type of economic activity, the key financial indicators calculated and the parameters of their financial security over the past 9 years were determined. The research confirmed the decisive impact on the enterprise's financial security, the features of financing their activities, and the associated risk level. The practical use of the proposed approach proved that it is a convenient, understandable and informative tool for determining the parameters of the enterprise's financial security by the major indicators: Financial stability, liquidity, profitability, and activity financing risk.
Georgi Lyubenov Power and privileges in political history (XXX century BC – X...Igor Britchenko
The problem of the formation and development of privileges in politics in Bulgaria is not significantly different from what is happening with their evolution in Europe and worldwide. In this case, the only more substantive difference is that the privileges of power in Bulgaria began „anew“ for the simple reason that the country was liberated from Ottoman tyranny, after which the third Bulgarian state was established. That is to say, the emergence and consolidation of privileges took place immediately after the Liberation, as they found a place as an opportunity for institutionalization and regulation already in the texts of the Tarnovo Constitution (1879). Since then, the privileges of power have become an inevitable companion of political elites, who, depending on the nature of society (authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic), constantly consume one or other state benefits and advantages, legitimised in various normative documents. In this sense, and on the basis of historical development, we can conditionally divide the application of power privileges in Bulgaria into three main stages: the first – from the Liberation (1878) to 1946, or the so-called „capitalist stage“ of the primary and earliest development of this phenomenon (privileges); the second stage includes the „socialist“ nomenklatura privileges (1947 – 1989), which developed enormously in absolutely all spheres of society; and the third is the democratic, or modern, stage of the application of privilege (from 1990 to the present), during which all the benefits of power for the country’s new democratic elites (along the lines of Western democratic models) unfolded with full „legitimate force“. Through the prism of this tentative periodization, saturated with many significant accents and peculiarities in the construction of the Bulgarian state, the new institutions and political parties, we will also examine the filigree „weaving“ into the pores of statehood of many of the emerging privileges of the elite (in each stage separately), in order to highlight more clearly their significance in Bulgarian politics.
Georgi Lyubenov Manolov Power and privileges in political history (XXX centur...Igor Britchenko
It is a prehistoric truth that antiquity is the origin of human civilization. This truth is often forgotten and ignored today because in many cases the back is turned to the distant past. This past, however, continues to provide us with an enormous amount of knowledge, both in terms of facts, phenomena and processes, and as new grounds for building hypotheses, concepts and theories. In this sense, authentic historical sources (and references) and the dozens of monographs devoted to this era can help us make sense of what is happening in the contemporary world and its social development. Such is also the problem of political privilege, which is almost impossible to study and explain analytically without tracing its genesis, conceived in the bosom of antiquity. For the problem dates back to the earliest „infancy“ of human history, when there were no state entities, institutions and organs of power. But there is something else: a thorough study of privilege from the dawn of its primary germination gives us rich opportunities to trace its evolution as a social phenomenon more comprehensively, to „unravel“ its real manifestations in different types of societies, and to make comparative characterizations (in quantitative and qualitative terms) according to one or another historical epoch, political system, and party leaders. This is what makes it necessary to consider privilege in a deep historical context whose roots are to be sought in the Old World, in the functioning of tribal societies several thousand years back.
Georgi Lyubenov Manolov Power and privileges in political history (XXX centur...Igor Britchenko
The analysis of contemporary topics of the current political process is among the most important tasks that representatives of political science have to deal with today. Especially in countries like Bulgaria, whose people have borne (and still bear) on their shoulders all possible adversities related to the struggle for democracy. Because this great transition in our case was vitiated by a „primary dream“ of the newly emerged elite – looting of the national wealth! Life has proven that in such an environment, scientists cannot always specify in time and clearly enough precisely which problems in reality are to all intents and purposes relevant to the nation's agenda, which are „more relevant“, and ultimately which are „most relevant“. And as a result, they become an unchanging commitment to political analysis. This is due to the fact that the troubadours of the New Age are constantly covering up the ugly truths of modern times through their appearances on the television screen and in the pages of printed publications. Regardless of whether the data of sociology is used, or the facts related to a specific management activity are summarized. In this way, the purposeful interpretations of the facts do not allow the truths that affect the majority of the Bulgarian people to be presented in the public space in time, which is why an „information blackout“ occurs. However, it also does not allow political analysis to always and in time react with reasonable proposals to remove what is contrary to civilized social development. As a result, in reality „two types of political science“ arose and existed in Bulgaria for more than three decades. One – in its two main sub-variants – „left“ and „right“, plays the role of a servant in relation to power. This academic stratum welcomes all governments willingly, from which it earns solid financial dividends, insofar as it also „owns“ eserved media time.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Проблемът за формирането и развитието на привилегиите в политиката в България не се различава съществено от това, което се случва с тяхната еволюция в европейски и световен мащаб. В случая единствената по-същностна разлика е тази, че привилегиите на властта у нас започват „начисто“ оради простата причина, че страната се освобождава от османската тирания, след което се създава третата българска държава. Тоест появата и утвърждаването на привилегиите се извършва веднага след Освобождението, тъй като те намират място като възможност за институционализация и регламентация още в текстовете на Търновската конституция (1879 г.). От тогава до сега привилегиите на властта стават неизбежен спътник на политическите елити, които в зависимост от характера на обществото (авторитарно, тоталитарно, демократично) постоянно консумират едни или други държавни изгоди и облаги, узаконени в различни нормативни документи. В този смисъл и на базата на историческото развитие можем условно да разделим приложението на властовите привилегии в България на три основни етапа: първият – от Освобождението (1878 г.) до 1946 г., или т.нар. „капиталистически етап“ на първичното и най-ранно развитие на този феномен (привилегиите); вторият етап включва „социалистическите“ номенклатурни привилегии (1947 – 1989 г.), които изключително силно се развиват в абсолютно всички обществени сфери; и третият е демократичният, или съвременният, етап от приложението на привилегиите (от 1990 г. до сега), през който се разгръщат с пълна „легитимна сила“ всички изгоди от властта за новите демократични елити в страната (по подобие на западните демократични модели). През призмата на тази условна периодизация, наситена с множество съществени акценти и особености при изграждането на българската държава, новите институции и политическите партии, ще разгледаме и филигранното „втъкаване“ в порите на държавността на голяма част от появилите се привилегии на елита (през всеки етап поотделно), за да откроим по-релефно тяхната значимост в българската политика.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Праисторическа истина е, че древността е първоизточникът на човешката цивилизация. Тази истина днес често се забравя и пренебрегва, защото в редица случаи се обръща гръб на далечното минало. Това минало обаче продължава да ни дава изключително много знания както като факти, явления и процеси, така и като нови основания за изграждане на хипотези, концепции и теории. В този смисъл автентичните исторически източници (и извори) и десетките монографии, посветени на тази епоха, могат да ни помогнат да осмисляме ставащото в съвременния свят и неговото социално развитие. Такъв е проблемът и за политическите привилегии, който почти е невъзможно да се изследва и обяснява аналитично, ако не се проследи неговият генезис, заченат в лоното на древността. Защото проблемът датира от най-ранната „детска възраст“ на човешката история, когато няма никакви държавни образувания, институции и органи на властта. Но има и нещо друго: задълбоченото изучаване на привилегиите още от зората на тяхното първично покълване ни дава богати възможности да проследим попространно еволюцията им като социално явление, да „разгадаем“ реалните им проявления в различните типове общества и да правим сравнителни характеристики (в количествено и качествено отношение) в зависимост от една или друга историческа епоха, политическа система и партийни лидери. Именно това налага привилегиите да се разглеждат в дълбок исторически контекст, чиито корени следва да се търсят още в Стария свят, при функционирането на родовите общества няколко хиляди години назад.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Анализът на актуалните теми на текущия политически процес е сред най-важните задачи, с които трябва да се справят представителите на политическата наука днес. Особено в държави като България, чийто народ понесе (и все още носи) на плещите си всички възможни несгоди, свързани с борбата за демокрация. Защото този велик преход в нашия случай беше опорочен от една „основна мечта“ на новопоявилия се елит – разграбване на националното богатство! Животът доказа, че в такава обстановка учените невинаги могат да кажат навреме и прекалено ясно точно кои проблеми в реалността действително са актуални за дневния ред на нацията, кои са „по-актуални“, а в края на краищата и кои са „най-актуални“. И като резултат те да се превърнат в неизменен ангажимент за политическия анализ. Понеже трубадурите на Новото време непрестанно прикриват грозните истини на съвременността чрез своите изяви на телевизионния екран и по страниците на печатните издания. Независимо от това дали се използват данните на социологията, или се обобщава фактология, свързана с конкретна управленска дейност. По този начин целенасочените интерпретации на фактите не позволяват в общественото пространство да се изнасят навреме истините, които засягат основната маса от българския народ, поради което се получава „информационно затъмнение“. То обаче не позволява и на политическия анализ винаги и навреме да реагира с разумни предложения за отстраняване на това, което противоречи на цивилизованото обществено развитие. Като следствие повече от три десетилетия в България реално възникват и битуват „два типа политическа наука“.
Research and economic evaluation of the impact of current challenges and thre...Igor Britchenko
Resilience to withstand the destructive impact of the external environment and modern challenges contributes to ensure the economic security of the company. The consequences of the pandemic, military actions in Ukraine, rising inflation, and the transformation of geopolitical processes in the European Union have negatively affected the economic security of insurance companies in Slovakia. The purpose 10 of the study is to assess the economic security of Slovak insurance companies. The study is based on the analysis of profitability, assets and liabilities, premiums, claims and expenses of insurance companies in Slovakia. The forecasting methodology is applied and various scenarios of further functioning of insurance companies in Slovakia, proposed by the National Bank of Slovakia, are analyzed. Insurance companies in Slovakia have sufficient capital, losses in the forecast period can be covered by current profits, and the growth of insurance claims can be transferred to reinsurers. The study found that insurance companies in Slovakia to ensure stability and economic security, and have prospects for further operation and development.
Innovative approaches to business management in conditions of economic instab...Igor Britchenko
The article is devoted to studying innovative approaches to enterprise management in conditions of economic instability. The main goal of the research was to identify and analyse the impact of innovative strategies and management methods on the development of enterprises’ innovative potential during economic crises. To achieve this goal, special and general academic research methods were used, in particular ‘synthesis’ and ‘generalisation’, which were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative approaches in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of unpredictable changes in the business environment. As a result of the study, it was found that, in conditions of economic instability, innovations in enterprise management should focus on strengthening innovative potential and production and on the technical improvement of business processes for which the formation of innovative strategies is necessary. It has been found that enterprises that actively implement innovative management methods in their activities have more chances to ensure their sustainability in challenging business conditions and, with this transformation of management practices, create conditions for dynamic growth and development of their innovative potential. As a result of the study, it has been established that using innovative approaches contributes to improving the efficiency of enterprise resource management, improves interaction with counterparties, and stimulates the further implementation of innovative solutions in production. Based on the research, the understanding and principles of forming innovative management strategies for enterprises in conditions of economic instability have been improved. In addition, a set of recommendations has been formed for enterprises and organisations regarding strengthening the management system based on innovative solutions to ensure the stability and dynamic development of business processes in crisis trends.
Research and economic evaluation of the impact of current challenges and thre...Igor Britchenko
Resilience to withstand the destructive impact of the external environment and modern challenges contributes to ensure the economic security of the company. The consequences of the pandemic, military actions in Ukraine, rising inflation, and the transformation of geopolitical processes in the European Union have negatively affected the economic security of insurance companies in Slovakia. The purpose
10
of the study is to assess the economic security of Slovak insurance companies. The study is based on the analysis of profitability, assets and liabilities, premiums, claims and expenses of insurance companies in Slovakia. The forecasting methodology is applied and various scenarios of further functioning of insurance companies in Slovakia, proposed by the National Bank of Slovakia, are analyzed. Insurance companies in Slovakia have sufficient capital, losses in the forecast period can be covered by current profits, and the growth of insurance claims can be transferred to reinsurers. The study found that insurance companies in Slovakia to ensure stability and economic security, and have prospects for further operation and development.
Prospects for sustainable development and ensuring the security of economic s...Igor Britchenko
The authors of the scientific monograph have come to the conclusion that ensuring sustainable development and security of economic systems in the new geostrategic realities requires the use of mechanisms for state protection of national economic interests, innovative outsourcing and digital technologies, and environmental protection. Basic research focuses on assessment the economic security of insurance companies, logistics processes, farms, healthcare organisations, retail and e-commerce, and tourist destinations. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models in the new geostrategic realities, human resource management, environmental and international security, use of artificial intelligence, and city branding. The results of the study can be used in the developing policies, programmes and strategies for public-private partnerships, post-crisis recovery of Ukraine, and decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate the processes of managing sustainable development and security. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on sustainable development and security of economic systems.
For the new realities in management and “Information security” competenceIgor Britchenko
The intensity of changes in recent years is truly astonishing. In such a context, the requirements for the competencies and skills of employees and managers are also intensifying in the direction of changes. On the other hand and in this connection, given the crises, today the management of information security is a necessity for any organization that considers organizational information as a valuable asset and considers it in the light of its competitive advantage. Information security is frequently associated with cyber security, a concept and field that is fast evolving on all fronts—technological, regulatory, and programmatic. From the perspective of the human factor, it corresponds to the knowledge transfer and learning abilities that are collectively referred to as "digital skills." Human resource professional competence and expertise are crucial to the management and development of information security initiatives, making them essential to the growth of any organization.
Exogenous determinants of the European Union’sIgor Britchenko
The article examines the influence of external factors on the economic security of the European Union. The study found that such exogenous factors as global economic instability, crisis situations in the markets of raw materials and energy resources, international terrorism, and geopolitical tensions can seriously undermine the economic security of the EU. Ways to ensure stability and compliance of European economic systems with external challenges are proposed, including improving energy efficiency, diversifying energy sources, and intensifying support for innovative technologies. The necessity of forming a comprehensive strategy for ensuring the economic security of the European Union in the conditions of globalization and growing threats from exogenous determinants is determined. Статията разглежда влиянието на външни фактори върху икономическата сигурност на Европейския Съюз. Проучването установи, че екзогенни фактори като глобалната икономическа нестабилност, кризисните ситуации на пазарите на суровини и енергийни ресурси, международният тероризъм и геополитическото напрежение могат сериозно да подкопаят икономическата сигурност на ЕС. Предложени са начини за осигуряване на стабилност и съответствие на европейските икономически системи с външни предизвикателства, включително подобряване на енергийната ефективност, диверсификация на енергийните източници и засилване на подкрепата за иновативни технологии. Определя се необходимостта от формиране на цялостна стратегия за гарантиране на икономическата сигурност на Европейския съюз в условията на глобализация и нарастващи заплахи от външни детерминанти.
Стратегия устойчивого развития аграрного сектора экономики Украины в условия ...Igor Britchenko
В монографии исследуются теоретические и концептуальные основы устойчивого развития. Анализируются предпосылки формирования стратегии устойчивого развития как альтернативы парадигме экономического роста. Это включает в себя изучение научных подходов, а также объективных причин и факторов, которые приводят к необходимости перехода к устойчивому развитию в аграрном секторе экономики. Рассматривается многофункциональность как метод разработки и инструмент контроля политики устойчивого развития. Показано, что сельскохозяйственное производство, как сложная социально-экономическо-биологическая агросистема, требует учета взаимосвязей и взаимодействия ее элементов для достижения оптимального функционирования и равновесного состояния. Системный подход к сельскохозяйственной агросистеме предполагает рассмотрение ее как целостной системы, где каждый элемент влияет на функционирование остальных элементов. Исследуется устойчивое развитие аграрного сектора экономики Украины в условиях изменения климата. Рассматривается совместимость устойчивого развития и капиталистического типа хозяйства. Показано, что сельское хозяйство в силу своих особенностей и многофункционального назначения не воспринимает организационно-правовые формы корпораций чисто коммерческого промышленного типа. Непризнание этой закономерности приводит к социальным и экологическим потерям, которые не перекрываются экономическими выгодами агро- промышленно-торговых компаний. Анализируются роль и значение сельскохозяйственных кооперативов в устойчивом развитии аграрного сектора. Исследуется сущность индикативного оценивания и концепция устойчивости в виде модели. Это включает в себя анализ методологии и подходов к индикативному оцениванию в контексте устойчивого развития. Освещается специфика модели индикативного оценивания устойчивого развития ферм в Германии. Проведен сравнительный анализ немецкого опыта с учетом украинских особенностей. Автором разработана система индикаторов (показателей) для индикативного оценивания устойчивого развития сельскохозяйственных предприятий в Украине, которая включает не только экономические, но и социальные и экологические показатели, что существенно обогащает научно-практический подход к выбору формы хозяйствования учитывая критерии устойчивого развития в сельском хозяйстве Украины.
Опис: В монографии исследуются теоретические и концептуальные основы устойчивого развития. Анализируются предпосылки формирования стратегии устойчивого развития как альтернативы парадигме экономического роста. Это включает в себя изучение научных подходов, а также объективных причин и факторов, которые приводят к необходимости перехода к устойчивому развитию в аграрном секторе экономики. Рассматривается многофункциональность как метод разработки и инструмент контроля политики устойчивого развития.
The study guide was prepared according to the program of the educational discipline ‘Transport entrepreneurship’ for students of specialty 076 - "Entrepreneurship, trade and stock market activity". The academic load of the discipline is 150 academic hours, incl. lectures (32 hours), seminars (32 hours), independent study (86 hours). Each chapter is divided into paragraphs based on course topics, as well as lesson plans, questions for panel discussions, quizzes for self-assessment and topical lists of useful literature and information resources. The study guide can be useful for students of various specialties with the course "Transport Entrepreneurship" as their major or minor.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
+12349014282
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
+12349014282
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Ostapenko, T., Britchenko, I., Marchenko, V. (2021). Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (13 (113)), 34–43.
2. 35
Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology
Inclusive development is present within national econo-
mies and at the global level [1, 3, 4]. However, at the human
level, the inclusive system is not considered. Such a problem
is acquiring special relevance in the modern conditions of
globalization. After all, the nanolevel of the economic sys-
tem should be implemented at the micro-, meso-, macro- and
mega-levels, which is determined by the peculiarities of the
inclusive economy and social relations.
3. The aim and objectives of research
The aim of this research is to define nanoeconomics in
the context of inclusive economic development. This will
make it possible to determine the individual factor in the
progressive development of an inclusive economy.
To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:
– to include nanoeconomics in the formation of inno-
vation clusters as combinations of industry and national
economic space;
– to consider nanoeconomics as the inclusion and inte-
gration of economic development;
– to determine the ratio of inclusion and education at the
level of babyeconomics;
– to determine the level of national wealth as a mani-
festation of the inclusion of nanoeconomics to the national
economic system.
4. Materials and methods of research
This analysis is based on statistics from a country with
an economy in transition. The research used the following
methods: systems analysis and structural approach, induc-
tion and deduction, observation and comparison, cluster
analysis. General scientific methods have been applied to
interpret inclusive phenomena in economics and to influence
nanoeconomics on these phenomena. Cluster analysis was
carried out to assess the level of innovative clustering of the
regions of the studied country.
5. Results of research on the conceptual foundations of
nanoeconomics as an inclusive public environment
5. 1. Cluster analysis of innovative phenomena in the
country’s economy
Of course, within the framework of human economics
decisions are made about inclusion in academic and social
life. These are decisions concerning their own business and
its integration into the sectoral and national economic space.
This is a space for social life. Its indicators are clusters and
the level of clustering of territorial businesses. The phenom-
enon of clustering is known, which involves the unification
of industry manufacturers of one geographic center. An indi-
vidual manufacturer of a certain product is a representative
of a separate business, but its capacity increases with collab-
oration with similar businesses in the region.
To determine the participation of Ukrainian regions in
innovation and potentially in the global innovation envi-
ronment, it is proposed to use cluster analysis. For this, the
initial data (which are shown in Fig. 1) for the regions of
Ukraine and the city of Kyiv are presented in the environ-
ment of the statistical package Statistica 12.
in modern economic and social processes. Nanoeconomics
is an individualistic phenomenon and involves the adoption
of relevant decisions on technological-economic, organiza-
tional-production and socio-economic relations within the
economic system. These relations relate to the extended
process of economic reproduction and at all its links there is
an entry of individuals, as representatives of nanoeconomics,
to socio-economic systems.
2. Literature review and problem statement
There are authors who consider various approaches
to the interpretation of the concept of inclusive economic
development [1, 2]. In the historical plane, a combination
of various approaches to the macroeconomic assessment of
the efficiency of the economy is analyzed. Thanks to such
an analysis [1], it is reasonably explained using the example
of various scientific works, why the main macroeconomic
indicators do not thoroughly assess the efficiency of the
economy and its sustainable development. The concept and
methodology of the Inclusive Development Index developed
by the World Economic Forum in the context of sustainable
development of countries are analyzed in detail. But this
study has limitations [2] on the use of the individualized
factor of the inclusive economy, is the object of analysis in
this article. All this suggests that it is advisable to conduct a
study on babyeconomics, human economics and the econom-
ics of nanotechnology.
Other authors [3] assess consulting as an entrepreneurial
activity of professionals from different fields of knowledge to
provide assistance is determined by its inherent socio-eco-
nomic restrictions on access to the services of its subjects.
It is noted that an inclusive approach to the process of
providing consulting services is aimed at overcoming bar-
riers to access to consulting. The content of the latter is the
formation and use of a system of measures to facilitate the
use of consulting services for those strata of the population,
business entities, who are excluded from professional assis-
tance. This is a specific example of using an inclusive system
for a specific type of business.
In the works [4, 5], the features of inclusive economic
development [4], and the possibilities of achieving it in coun-
tries with different levels of socio-economic development,
have been investigated. The key areas of economic growth
have been identified in accordance with the global Sus-
tainable Development Goals. The sustainable development
system is an example of the formation of an inclusive econ-
omy [5], which is influenced by individual individuals. It is
necessary to define itself in relevant research on an inclusive
economy in a state of sustainable development.
The present research [6, 7] approaches to determining
the content of inclusive sustainable economic growth in the
global economy [6]. The studies carried out prove that man-
kind has defined the basic requirements of the 21st century
and outlined the ways to solve them. Inclusive economy and
inclusive economic growth in recent years have become one
of the topics in the documents of international and suprana-
tional organizations [7]. However, it can be stated that in
the countries of the world there is no uniform agreement on
the definition of inclusive development. Based on the above,
it can be noted that the research of inclusion should be of a
comprehensive nature using the characteristics of the insti-
tutional order.
3. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/13 ( 113 ) 2021
36
The main indicators that were taken for the cluster anal-
ysis were as follows:
– 1Var1. Organizations performing scientific work;
– 2Var2. The number of scientific performers, doctors
of science;
– 3Var3. The number of scientific work performers, can-
didates of science;
– 4Var4. The number of researchers who traveled outside
Ukraine;
– 5Var5. Received titles of protection for inventions;
– 6Var6. The number of industrial enterprises that in-
novated;
– 7Var7. Volumes of innovative products sold outside
Ukraine;
– 8Var8. Acquisition of new technologies outside
Ukraine;
– 9Var9. Transfer of new technologies outside Ukraine;
– 10Var10. Innovative cooperation with foreign part-
ners (European countries).
For the purpose of data reduction, the procedures of clus-
ter analysis were applied – dividing the set of objects under
study into homogeneous groups. Cluster analysis methods
can be used in cases when it comes to a simple grouping, in
which it all comes down to creating groups based on quanti-
tative characteristics.
A distinctive feature of cluster analysis from other clas-
sification methods is the absence of a training sample, thus,
algorithms are implemented without training. A significant
advantage of cluster analysis is the ability to split objects not
by one parameter, but by a number of features. In addition,
cluster analysis makes it difficult to apply traditional econo-
metric methods.
The solution to the problem of cluster analysis is a sepa-
ration that satisfies the criterion of optimality.
There are a lot of cluster analysis algorithms. The most
common among them, in particular for their software and
hardware implementation, are hierarchical (tree-like) pro-
cedures. The principle of their work lies in the sequential
combination of groups of elements at the beginning of the
approximate ones, and then the most. The disadvantages of
hierarchical procedures include the cumbersomeness of their
algorithmic implementation. At each step, the algorithms
require calculating a distance matrix, respectively, machine
resources and time.
Dividing into different numbers of clusters of innovative
development in Ukraine, it is possible to get different options
for solutions.
In the Statistica 12 environment, in the Statistics/Multi-
variate Research Methods menu, select the Cluster Analysis
command. Among the available clustering methods, let’s de-
fine the method of tree clustering, as the rule for hierarchical
unification, let’s choose the single link method, methods for
determining the distances between objects – the Euclidean
distance.
The results of such a clustering procedure were conclud-
ed in the following sequence of actions:
– rule of combining into clusters;
– horizontal tree diagram;
– vertical tree diagram;
– schedule of the order of merging;
– distance matrix.
This sequence of steps, which was used for the clustering
procedure, allows to track the cluster analysis procedure.
At the first stage, it is possible to assume that each area is a
separate cluster, that is, there are 25 clusters. The distance
matrix determines the smallest distance between clusters,
for example, the Euclidean distance is 2985 between the
C13 and C20 cluster, 236 between C16 and C18, 4804 for
C5 and C10, 6825 for C8 and C22, which allows for the first
clustering: C1, (C13, C20), (C16, C18), C23, C21, C24, (C5,
C10), (C8, C22), C14, C9, C25, C12, C2, C6, C11, C15, C3,
C7, C17, C19, C4. The merge performed is confirmed by the
merge rule and horizontal or vertical tree diagrams. Thus, a
partition into 21 clusters is obtained. Since the goal of the
study is to obtain 10 clusters, the clustering procedure must
be continued according to the same algorithm. At a certain
Fig. 1. Initial data for cluster analysis
4. 37
Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology
stage, let’s obtain such a division into 10 clusters: (C1, C13,
C20, C16, C18, C23, C21, C24, C5, C10, C8, C22, C14, C9,
C25, C12), C2, C6, C11, C15, C3, C7, C17, C19, C4.
C denotes the number of the corresponding area in Fig. 1.
These values of cluster analysis show that a definite
trend has not yet been observed. There is one cluster of six-
teen regions of Ukraine, and the remaining nine clusters are
created by an innovative component of one region. In fact,
this means that each of the regions of our state is authentic
and unique in the development of international relations of
innovative regional systems. The first cluster (agglomerat-
ed) provides for general approaches to the development of
innovative activity and its international component in the
following areas: Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Ivano-Frankivsk,
Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Rivne, Ternopil,
Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkassy, Chernivtsi, Chernihiv,
city of Kyiv.
In practice, it is quite obvious that some significant in-
novation clusters make up such regions as Kharkiv. But even
insignificant regions in terms of their contribution to the
country’s GDP, for example, Volyn, Sumy, Poltava or Zakar-
pattia, are slowly increasing it. Clusters of Dnipropetrovsk,
Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Luhansk regions, which have more
opportunities and resources to develop their own innova-
tive activities, should more actively modernize production
facilities and transfer academic science to industry, mainly
to metallurgical, machine-building and chemical industries.
Thus, the cluster analysis determined that most regions
of Ukraine are similar in the development of innovation and
which nanoeconomics needs improvement. Thus, all the
initial data for cluster analysis indicate that the activation
of innovative activity should begin with upbringing in a
family, a preschool childcare institution and universities.
These areas should develop the economics of the educational
process and education for the subsequent opportunities for
the development of creative individuals who have developed
and implemented high and nanotechnology. In such areas as
Kharkiv or Dnepropetrovsk, it is necessary to create con-
ditions for the use of innovations in enterprises producing
goods or services. And, on the other hand, it is necessary
to maintain the scientific potential by developing babyeco-
nomics and its transition to the human economy and the
economy of nanotechnology.
K-means clustering was also performed – a vector quan-
tization method, was invented for signal processing, but is
often used for cluster analysis of data. The goal of k-means
clustering is to divide n values into k clusters, in which each
value belongs to the cluster with the closest mean. It acts as
a prototype of a cluster, that is, each observation refers to the
cluster, the center (centroid) of which is the nearest.
The degree of “closeness” is the Euclidean metric:
( ) ( )
=
ρ = − = −
∑
2
1
, ,
n
i i
i
x y x y x y
where ∈ .
, n
x y R
In this technique, the number of clusters is unknown and
is chosen by the researcher at the beginning of the applica-
tion of the algorithm.
In the R language, the k-means value KMeans_arma was
chosen from the armadillo library of the ClusterR package.
To use KMeans_arma, the number of columns (replace-
able vectors) in the data must exceed the number of clusters,
otherwise the function will return an error. The algorithm is
initiated once, and usually 10 iterations are enough for con-
vergence. Output centroids are distributed using one of the
algorithms – keep_existing, static_subset, random_subset,
static_spread, or random_spread.
The result of cluster analysis is the data given in Table 1.
Table 1
The results of cluster analysis
Regions 1 2 3 4 5
Vinnytsia 0 0 0 1 0
Volyn 1 0 0 0 0
Dnipropetrovsk 0 0 1 0 0
Donetsk 1 0 0 0 0
Zhytomyr 1 0 0 0 0
Zakarpattia 0 0 0 1 0
Zaporizhzhia 0 1 0 0 0
Ivano-Frankivsk 0 0 0 1 0
Kyiv 0 1 0 0 0
Kirovohrad 1 0 0 0 0
Luhansk 0 0 0 0 1
Lviv 0 0 1 0 0
Mykolaiv 0 1 0 0 0
Odesa 0 1 0 0 0
Poltava 0 0 0 1 0
Rivne 1 0 0 0 0
Sumy 0 1 0 0 0
Ternopil 1 0 0 0 0
Kharkiv 0 0 1 0 0
Kherson 0 0 0 1 0
Khmelnytskyi 1 0 0 0 0
Cherkasy 0 0 0 1 0
Chernivtsi 0 0 0 1 0
Chernihiv 0 0 0 0 1
The indicators and results of cluster analysis using the
vector quantization method determine that the grouping
of regions of Ukraine has slightly different characteristics.
Thus, the optimal innovation cluster unites Dniprope-
trovsk, Lviv and Kharkiv regions. Donetsk and Luhansk
regions, which were in a separate cluster in the previous
study, in this method are generators of different groups: 1st
and 5th clusters. This study shows that the groups formed
in Soviet times are regrouping in modern conditions and
differences are created between the regions of the first
cluster – 16 regions. Separate features inherent in a smaller
number of regions of Ukraine are beginning to stand out.
So, the group of regions includes regions from different
geographic zones of Ukraine, when Donetsk region is com-
bined with Volyn and Khmelnytskyi regions, and Sumy
with Zaporizhzhia. It can be argued that there is a mutual
intertwining of economies and innovation spheres of differ-
ent regions of Ukraine.
Note that innovative development is effective only in
close connection with investment attractiveness [8]. Cap-
ital investments by region are presented in Table 2. These
data indicate the financial ability to invest in innovative
development. The largest share of investments is observed
in Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Donetsk and Kharkiv regions and
city of Kyiv.
5. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/13 ( 113 ) 2021
38
Table 2.
Capital investments by region in 2020
Regions
Capital investment
Thousand. c.u.
As a percentage of
the total volume / %
Per per-
son/c.u.
Ukraine 508217042 100.0 12223.9
Vinnytsia 13601513 2.7 8888.8
Volyn 9121580 1.8 8884.5
Dnipropetrovsk 58601434 11.5 18568.1
Donetsk 26597759 5.2 6482.3
Zhytomyr 9270208 1.8 7708.3
Zakarpattia 5080997 1.0 4067.6
Zaporizhzhia 15495040 3.1 9244.3
Ivano-Frankivsk 6338028 1.2 4653.9
Kyiv 32760002 6.4 18414.8
Kirovohrad 6745999 1.3 7331.0
Luhansk 3259085 0.6 1534.4
Lviv 23641491 4.7 9507.8
Mykolaiv 9504884 1.9 8536.7
Odesa 21437523 4.2 9077.5
Poltava 25156889 5.0 18343.7
Rivne 5650634 1.1 4915.1
Sumy 7200076 1.4 6801.1
Ternopil 7296821 1.4 7074.8
Kharkiv 20248586 4.0 7697.6
Kherson 7199137 1.4 7051.9
Khmelnytskyi 10617033 2.1 8520.3
Cherkasy 9079342 1.8 7684.1
Chernivtsi 3319516 0.7 3704.7
Chernihiv 7957105 1.6 8157.3
City of Kyiv 163036260 32.1 55768.2
From the Table 2 it can be seen that the cluster-creating
areas are determined by a significant amount of investments
and their per capita indicators. This indicates the financial
ability to support innovation.
It should be noted that the decision on inclusion is
also made in the development and implementation of nan-
otechnology within certain clusters. In modern realities,
nanotechnological solutions are ahead of their time; they are
revolutionary aspects of new technologies. Supply dictates
demand. But these decisions must be implemented in the
consumer’s life circumstances and improve them. It should
be noted here that inclusive solutions should relate to aca-
demic life, because the academic space consists of separate
technologies. Thus, physics, chemistry, electronics, biology
and other sciences of human life are developing nanotechno-
logical solutions and integrating this area into the economy
of nanotechnology.
5. 2. Nanoeconomics as inclusion and integration of
economic development
The concept of inclusion is close in meaning to the
concept of integration and the opposite is segregation and
isolation. So, isolation (from the French – isolation) –sepa-
ration of someone or something, deprivation of ties with the
environment. Isolation in nanoeconomics provides for the
implementation of activity only with the use of one’s own
efforts, without connections and the outside world. This
happens when a person is limited in their actions (disability,
limited communication, etc.), or does not have experience in
making connections. These can be sole proprietors who are
just starting their own business and do not have economic
relations with partners, suppliers, competitors, consumers
and the possibility of using substitute products. Or when
a former student is educated but cannot find a suitable job.
Also, isolation can be observed in the personal invention of
nanotechnology, when a potential consumer does not under-
stand such technological solutions.
However, it should be noted that inclusion, in addition
to the individualized factor, includes the components such as
justice, growth, stability and sustainable development.
So, justice provides for the possibility of instructing the
individual and business entities to influence weighted deci-
sions at the state level. It is fair to use all agents of economic
life for the appropriate allocation of resources and participa-
tion in the formation of national income and wealth.
Growth within the national economy is also an element
of inclusion, because growth is an increase in the scale of
the economic system and various actors from individuals
to transnational corporations are involved in this increase.
Growth is the basis for economic development, a more fun-
damental category. There are two main types of growth:
exogenous and endogenous. The latter is an inclusive phe-
nomenon, since it assumes the existence of internal impuls-
es for development. In different types of macroeconomics,
these impulses are excellent. In countries with economies
in transition, these can be private entrepreneurs and the
weak influence of government regulation on the formation
of growth inclusion.
Stability is a factor and a result of inclusion. In condi-
tions of stability, it is less difficult to connect to economic
development than in conditions of crisis. Stability presup-
poses equilibrium conditions at the macro level, which are
influenced by various factors, including individual ones.
Sustainable development also affects the positive condi-
tions for the formation of an inclusive economy, since all eco-
nomic phenomena and social processes must enter the signs
of environmental friendliness. Especially the environmental
friendliness of the existence of an economic man.
Understanding the need for inclusion will help to over-
come nanoisolation. In inclusion, all stakeholders must be
actively involved in order to achieve the desired outcome.
Just as the diffusion of technology is a multiplier process for
the development of the state economy, so the participation of
citizens in society is a predisposing factor of influence on a
person in the development of nanoeconomics. An indicator
of this is the level of opening a private business in a partic-
ular country. And, accordingly, the level of closing business
units. This is a natural increase in economic agents. If this
growth is positive, then the inclusion of nanoeconomics is
actively developing. If it is negative, that is, when enterprises
are closed more open, then it is necessary to change the state
business policy and create an innovative environment.
Integration differs from inclusion in that in the case of
the former, certain institutions of an inclusive environment
are created. These include:
– transparent format for registering a business, when a
business is opened and closed in a single window. Adminis-
trations should involve individuals in the formation of entre-
preneurial structures, including in the form of tax incentives;
– institution of cooperation between business and tax
authorities. When certain forms of business have advantages
in payments to the state budget, including sole proprietor-
ship, they are very popular with potential business entities;
6. 39
Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology
– institution of market management of business entities.
The theory of management should be widespread for various
entrepreneurial structures, this is self-management for sole
proprietorship, and corporate management for LLCs and
CJSCs and OJSCs, and the like;
– institution for business consulting support. For any
form of business, there are consultants who support the entry
of the business into the cluster environment and provide mar-
keting support to promote goods and services on the market;
– institution for innovative business support. Now there
is a separation of innovation from the entrepreneurial en-
vironment, this is a legacy from Soviet times. Science is
separate, enterprises are separate. An inclusive environment
provides for the transfer of innovative business to the entre-
preneurial sphere, when the main subject of financing inno-
vation is business, and only then the state or universities.
These institutions of integration can be used to form the
objective conditions for the development of babyeconomics.
5. 3. Determination of the ratio of inclusion and edu-
cation at the level of babyeconomics
The combination of inclusion and education is a develop-
mental process for babyeconomics. Firstly, such a component
of the baby-economy as the economy of households provides
for the inclusion of the latter in the system of nanoeconomics
and the system of the national economy. Household inclusion
is determined by the ability to be the supply of labor and the
demand for various types of consumer products. The ability
to buy baby products is also by including children and their
parents in the baby industry. Here it is possible to dwell on
the issue of preference aggregation. Given the preferences of
all individuals, it would be desirable to have a way of “ag-
gregating” them into one social preference. In other words,
knowing how all individuals rank different placement states,
it would be possible to use this information to construct a
social ranking of different placement states. This is the prob-
lem of public decision making at its most general level. Pub-
lic decisions are made to create demand for baby products
purchased by parents and separately by children of different
ages. This aggregation occurs at the level of different needs
of different household representatives. Then, when the child
enters adult individual life, she has the skills to consume
and form the economic basis of well-being within a given
national economy.
Let’s make a list of some of the requirements for what
the mechanism of public decisions should meet, based on
inclusion:
1. For a given set of full, reflective and transitive individ-
ual preferences, the mechanism for making public decisions
has to lead to public preferences that satisfy the same char-
acteristics. Thus, the decision to send a child to a lyceum
or gymnasium becomes a public decision. This is the public
demand for quality education.
2. If all individuals prefer alternative x over alternative
c, then social preferences should give x a higher rank than y.
So, lyceums and gymnasiums require attending classes in a
certain uniform, therefore, this is how the aggregate demand
of the highest rank for high-quality education and premium
clothing is formed.
3. Preferences for x and y should depend solely on how
people rank x and y, not how they rank other alternatives.
That is, there are two alternatives to lyceums and gymna-
siums as well as ordinary general education schools, other
options are not considered.
All three of these requirements seem to be acceptable.
However, it can be quite difficult to find a mechanism that
would satisfy them all. Indeed, Kenneth Arrow proved the
existence of the following surprising result.
Arrow’s impossibility theorem. If the mechanism for
making public decisions corresponds to properties 1, 2,
and 3, then this situation is a dictatorship: all public rank-
ings of alternatives belong to one person.
Arrow’s impossibility theorem shows that three very ac-
ceptable and desirable features of the mechanism for making
public decisions are incompatible with democracy: there is
no “thorough” way of making public decisions. There is no
perfect way to “aggregate” individual preferences that would
lead to one social preference. If there is a desire to find an
image of aggregation of individual preferences, which would
lead to public preferences, it is necessary to abandon one of
the properties of the mechanism for making public decisions
described by Arrow’s theorem [7].
Consideration of inclusion and education deserves spe-
cial attention. Of course, as noted, babyeconomics is respon-
sible for the sociologization of the child in relation to society.
The school must provide such skills and competencies. Pro-
ceeding from an educational institution, a full-fledged citi-
zen can join society and become a conductor of the baby and
nanoeconomics to the development of the national economy.
The functions of including the child in the educational space
include the following:
– the usefulness of learning, when a child receives such
knowledge that allows it to enter the university, this inte-
grates the applicant to the university and to the community
of people with higher education. Also, the usefulness of
studying at the university becomes a prerequisite for the
attractiveness of a certain workplace;
– the well-being of a person, when the level of well-being
allows one to get such an education that will become a pass
to the elite club of workers with an appropriate salary;
– utilitarian skills, when education provides such skills
that allow, under any initial conditions, to enter the cate-
gory of highly qualified workers with an appropriate level
of income.
Maximization of inclusion is determined by the fact that
there should be an accumulation of social wealth on the
basis of individual wealth. The indicator of social wealth as
national was first defined in the 17th century. W. Petty as the
sum of accumulated wealth. Further attempts at statistical
research of national wealth date back to the 19th century,
and since 1853, its measurements become the topic of inter-
national statistical congresses.
5. 4. National wealth as a manifestation of the inclu-
sion of nanoeconomics to the national economic system
At the end of the XIX-beginning of the XX century.
representatives of the historical school denied the effect
of objective economic laws, since on their Dimka, there is
only a wealth of individuals, as a result of the functioning
of nanoeconomics (economists – Russian, German). Other
scholars approached the definition and calculation of na-
tional wealth from the point of view of the possibility of
using it for tax purposes. In the interpretation of the French
economist, national is wealth that brings profit to its owner
at the nanoscale. And on the scale of society, it is the sum
of the wealth of individuals, determined in current prices,
that is, it does not include property of the state, churches
and public facilities (parks, streets, canals, etc.). An English
7. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/13 ( 113 ) 2021
40
economist calculated national wealth based on income tax
information. Other researchers determined it on the basis of
data on property, possessed by inheritance or as a gift, and
in other ways [9].
The concept of income is statistically related to the
category of wealth. So, Table 3 shows the indicators of the
formation of the gross national income of countries with
economies in transition in 2020.
Table 3
Gross national income in 2020
Income category
In actual prices, mln. c.u.
І
quarter
ІІ
quarter
ІІІ
quarter
IV
quarter
2020
Gross profit 283704 335718 530437 605859 1755718
Remuneration of
wage earners
514859 486190 549013 599140 2149202
Tax excluding
subsidies and
production and
imports
129825 124789 164839 179480 598933
Income from
property received
from other coun-
tries, excluding
those paid
–16955 –63843 –63047 –59052 –202897
Gross national
income
911433 882854 1181242 1325427 4300956
From the Table 3 it can be seen that the main article
of the formation of the national income is the gross profit
received by economic entities. Let’s note that the power’s
income is also formed, not least of all, from the wages of
employees. The total income of the population of a country
with an economy in transition differs somewhat from the
amount of wages of employees and also includes income from
business, shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Disposable income of the population of Ukraine in 2020
Income structure
Year
Mln. c.u. in % to 2019
Total income 3972428 106,1
Costs and savings 3972428 106,1
Disposable income 3062229 105,4
Average monthly available income
per person, c.u.
6113 106,1
Real disposable income × 102,6
Note: × – no data available.
It is obviously that the data in Table 4 show that all indica-
tors of income of individuals tend to increase (from 2 to 6 %).
This is a positive value that favorably affects the formation
of wealth and determines that the individual is included
in the processes of creating welfare at the national level.
An inclusive public environment, therefore, involves the
inclusion of the wealth of individuals in its public manifesta-
tion. In the first half of the twentieth century, the interpre-
tation of national wealth was widespread as a combination of
“economic” goods that have a price, and “free” goods – gifts
of nature and the like. In addition, national wealth was de-
fined as a good that it can be valued in money. For example,
the price of an apartment building should include the climate
and landscape where the house is located. And personal
wealth should include not only a person’s monetary income,
but also the level of education, qualifications, practical skills,
competence and place of residence. Since it was not possible
to reveal the real value of the “free” goods of nanoeconomics
in practical calculations, the amount of national wealth was
defined as the sum of “economic” goods. Certain Western
economists included in the national wealth the level of
professional training of workers, the life expectancy of the
population, and other elements associated with the person-
ality of the nanoparticipant of production, recognizing them
as inclusions to the definition of living national wealth. Its
value was defined as “the cost of production of people”, that
is, the cost of upbringing, education and health maintenance.
Known comparisons of “living” and speech wealth, when the
“average cost of a person” was calculated.
Modern Western statistics defines national wealth as
the total value of all tangible assets available in the country,
the pole of the balance of international debt and investment.
This method can also be used to calculate individual wealth
for the formation of the quality of nanoeconomics. Non-re-
producible assets were calculated using census data or var-
ious approximate methods, for example, using the average
ratio between the value of buildings and the value of land.
Or for the wealth of nanoeconomics, human capital is the
expression of the quality of nanoeconomics.
In 1947, the International Association for Research
on Problems of National Income and Wealth was estab-
lished [10, 11].
National wealth is the totality of all the benefits that are
at the disposal of the society, the country.
Social wealth as an economic category is due to the
development of productive forces, quantitative growth and
qualitative complication of the needs of production and con-
sumption. Influence on the concrete historical patterns of
reproduction of social wealth is exerted by the social forms
of its movement, due primarily to the system of dominant
production relations.
The most important feature of social wealth is the use of
social labor in its creation. The latter is not only the source
of all created material and spiritual benefits, but also a nec-
essary condition for the development of the person itself,
outside the creative activity of which benefits lose the qual-
ity of social or social wealth. Yes, and for the development
of nanoeconomics, social labor is a mechanism for obtaining
wealth and a manifestation of its materialized component.
Social labor as an economic category of wealth is a uni-
versal measure of this wealth, it can quantitatively express
the totality of its elements, regardless of the specifics of their
material content and social form of movement. The object
of nanoeconomics – a person – becomes a channel for the
inclusion of a person in the social environment.
There are individualistic functions of inclusion, which
provide for the functions of the individual regarding in-
clusion in socio-economic processes. The growth of labor
productivity and production efficiency makes it possible to
significantly change the working and living conditions of
people. However, many problems remain especially environ-
mental ones. All this requires purposeful activity of society
to create material, technical, organizational, economic and
social conditions for effective and creative work of a person.
This is the process of humanization of production. With
the development of society, the needs of the producers
themselves for education and culture, living standards, and
8. 41
Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology
working conditions are constantly growing. So, the human-
ization of production is not only the result of scientific and
technological development, but also a necessary prerequisite
for the implementation of its achievements and further de-
velopment.
Modern society experiences an organic need for a true
and comprehensive humanization of production and labor.
In developed countries, much has been done to improve
working conditions, develop both general and vocational
education, health care, physical culture and sports, provide
people with housing, household services, and the like.
The individualistic functions of inclusion are a complex
multilevel problem. Its solution involves the use of material,
technical, organizational, economic and socio-economic
factors. The basic is the change in the content and working
conditions, which is directly related to the improvement of
technology and production technology.
Individualistic inclusion provides that in order to im-
prove production and achieve high results, risk groups are
created at firms – temporary research teams. They bring to-
gether talented, enterprising engineers and scientists, devel-
op promising scientific and technical ideas and materialize
them in new products. Such teams successfully solve urgent
problems of modern scientific and technological develop-
ment. Special risk firms are also being created – venture
capital firms, developing new directions for the development
of production.
It should be noted that the development of human
creativity, the activities of rationalizers and inventors are
playing an ever-increasing role. So, through nanotechnology,
creative individuals are included in the innovative national
environment.
Another function of inclusion is the ecological aspect of
humanizing the working and living conditions of a person.
Pollution of air, water and land adversely affects human
health, causes disease, reduces efficiency, and shortens life
expectancy. Changing the ecological situation of a person is
both an individualistic and a global problem.
The individualistic functions of inclusion are the moti-
vational mechanism of labor, which primarily includes such
universal, general economic elements as the needs and inter-
ests of a person, because for the sake of their satisfaction, a
person produces various benefits. Incentives to work can be
material and moral (spiritual).
An inclusive economy has certain states, which are man-
ifested in a set of actions and conditions for the inclusion
of the subject of nanoeconomics into the public economic
environment. These states are general market equilibrium,
competitiveness of the national economy, and the achieve-
ment of public goods.
To compare the results of the activities of various eco-
nomic institutions, one of which is the market, it is necessary
to use a certain criterion, allowing to talk about which of
them is the best of public opinion. One of these criteria is
the concept of efficiency (optimality) according to Pareto,
or economic efficiency.
This criterion is widely used in microeconomics to an-
alyze the distribution of goods and production resources in
conditions when their available quantity is limited.
If a certain state of distribution of goods is not Pareto
optimal, then there must be some way to improve the state
of one or several individuals without worsening the position
of others.
It should be noted that during the optimal allocation of
resources in production, analysis is allowed at three levels:
an individual firm, an industry and the national economy
as a whole.
As was the case with pure exchange, the Pareto criterion
assumes that limited resources should be fully utilized. A
different state is the achievement of high levels of compet-
itiveness. Competitiveness is the state that the national
economy achieves through the formation of a high-quality
competitive environment, which, in its erg, is created by the
activities of individual individuals, enterprises, industry and
internal regions. Thus, an individual creates its own creative
brand and works with it in an entrepreneurial environment.
Competitiveness involves the formation of public goods.
Thus, public goods are significantly different from private
goods. It is possible to single out, first of all, such their dif-
ferences as the absence of competition in consumption and
the absence of exclusion from consumption.
The first feature is that by consuming such goods, the
utility of an individual does not decrease with an increase
in the number of consumers. For a certain volume of public
goods, the growth in the number of consumers does not lead,
as is typical for private goods, to an increase in market pro-
vision of this good, it is the result of an increase in demand.
This means that the marginal cost of providing the good to
the additional individual is zero.
This property of public goods is due to the fact that they
are indivisible. It is impossible to differentiate individuals
according to the volume of consumption of such a good; as
a consequence, the supplier is also unable to establish a rela-
tionship with each individual customer.
Since there is no way to refuse someone in the consump-
tion of a predetermined amount of a public good, the problem
arises of how to provide this good.
6. Discussion of the results of the study of
nanoeconomics as an inclusive public environment
The results obtained are explained by the fact that an
inclusive environment in a country with an economy in tran-
sition is determined by the existence of weak institutions of
integration and inclusion. The entry of an individual into
integrative economic systems in such countries provides
for inactive nanoeconomics and the absence of its systemic
education.
There are such methods for determining the level of an
inclusive economy as the Inclusive Development Index,
but its formation methodology is rather complicated. The
method of cluster analysis helps to structure the inno-
vation system and determine the territorial and sectoral
development centers. According to certain authors [1],
inclusive development develops more intensively in those
regions that have a greater amount of investment, because
if there is investment, then there is innovation. Regions
of a country with economies in transition such as Dni-
propetrovsk or Donetsk and Kharkiv regions have more
opportunities for inclusion compared to regions such as
Chernivtsi or Rivne. The city of Kyiv also stands out as a
center for the inclusion of both the city and its inhabitants
towards the national innovation environment. The prob-
lem of inclusion in regions with low indicators of economic
development is unresolved.
9. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/13 ( 113 ) 2021
42
Inclusion is a factor of integration, and integration at all lev-
els of economic systems. So, for the integration of a person into
a team, industry, national economy and international regional
formations, it is necessary to have innovative perspectives of
inclusion. Problematic is the question of determining the role of
an individual in integration phenomena on a global scale.
Babyeconomics is the primary part of nanoeconomics.
Households, the baby industry and the educational process
and upbringing system is an inclusive process within the
national economic space. Even according to statistics, baby
products do not differ from products for the adult popula-
tion. This is a question of disconnecting from existing indus-
tries but their manufactured adult products. The inclusion
of the baby industry is the starting point for understanding
babyeconomics. And the problem for a further solution is
the separation of the babyeconomy and its parts from the
nanoeconomic systems within the framework of national
economic complexes.
Tables 3, 4 present data on the formation of national
income. National wealth is created by the receipt of its
individual components from individuals. However, income
and wealth are not identical phenomena, but those that are
determined by a certain level of inclusion. In a country with
an economy in transition, the average monthly income is
6113 c.u. and it provides opportunities for growth. However,
whether its growth is formed from inclusive phenomena in
the economy remains an unresolved problem.
But there are certain limitations in the study, so it is
very difficult to assess the contribution of an individual to
national economic development and its determinant – na-
tional wealth.
The disadvantages of this study include the limited cov-
erage of statistics on the individual factor of inclusion.
As the prospects for using this study, one can highlight
the determination of the dynamics of inclusive phenomena
in the economy under the influence of the inclusion of indi-
viduals in the process of extended production reproduction.
The state with clusters in the economy can change under
the influence of the development of nanoeconomics, but ex-
perimentally this study can be limited by the opacity of the
economic activity of individuals.
7. Conclusions
1. Innovation clusters in one of the countries with econ-
omies in transition have not been formed and innovation
activity is disordered. Inclusive phenomena characterized
by innovative impact become the basis for the development
of nanoeconomics. And the latter affects the innovative
inclusion of various business entities. This situation can be
explained by the fact that society on the path of transforma-
tions is just beginning to form a complex economic system,
and under these circumstances, inclusion is considered as a
mechanism for such a formation. For the development of an
inclusive economy, it is necessary to take into account the
possibility of forming sectoral organizations in the form of
clusters. Indicators for cluster analysis form five clusters, in-
cluding a different number of areas. But these are areas from
different regions of the country and there is no systematic
nature in their education.
2. Inclusion is associated with the phenomenon of inte-
gration. Economic integration is based on the use of certain
institutions and provides for a wider range of mutual rela-
tions. In this regard, integration is considered as a process
taking place at different levels and at the nanoscale in par-
ticular. Integration of individuals into the national economy
and into global economic processes is becoming the goal of
the development of nanoeconomics at the present stage of
human evolution. Integration is a qualitative indicator of
inclusion and the use of various institutions of integration
leads to the fact that the inclusion of an individual in an
inclusive environment is accompanied by changes. Such
changes consistently increase labor productivity and effi-
ciency of nanotechnological solutions created by a specialist
in an inclusive environment.
3. Institutions of integration can be used to form objec-
tive conditions for the development of the babyeconomics.
Inclusive phenomena are quite common in the education
system and are determined by the individualistic functions of
inclusion. Babyeconomics, under similar circumstances, is the
starting point for the development of inclusion, because it is
on the studio bench that a young person receives an example
of the inclusion of various persons (with special living con-
ditions) into society. This example remains close to a person
throughout its life and is transferred to its various spheres.
The system of education and upbringing contributes to the in-
clusion of babyeconomics in an inclusive social environment.
This is especially true of the quality of the sociologization of
the child and the transfer of this experience into adulthood.
4. Inclusive phenomena also relate to the formation of na-
tional wealth. Thus, national wealth is created by combining
the wealth of individual individuals, is directly related to na-
noeconomics. The mechanisms for the inclusion of individuals
in the formation of national wealth can be the conditions of
market equilibrium, the production level of competitiveness
and the formation of public goods. Inclusion should be aimed
at obtaining and forming wealth both for an individual and for
society as a whole. Nanoeconomics is the vehicle for creating
the foundations for the accumulation of wealth. Quantitative
indicators of the formation of national income reflect the con-
ditions for the formation of wealth inclusion. In this aspect,
individual income becomes a component of national wealth.
The conceptual principles of nanoeconomics as an inclusive
social environment are: a dynamic combination of isolation, in-
clusion and integration. Integration is an inclusion with the use
of certain institutions – the conditions for registering a busi-
ness, cooperation between the state and business, market man-
agement of business structures, business consulting support,
innovative business support. Also, public decisions in inclusion
are particularly highlighted, and special conditions for the
combination of nanoeconomics and education are determined,
especially through the use of the levers of babyeconomics.
Also, questions of the formation of national wealth as a
manifestation of inclusion. What happens with the use of
individualistic functions of inclusion, which should be at-
tributed to environmental, motivational and labor.
All these features of the inclusion of the individual in the
social economic environment are involved in the formation
of various states of inclusion.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to Tetiana Artiomova, Doctor of
Economics, chief employee of the State Institution “Institute
of Economics for Forecasting” of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine as the inspirer of this research topic.
10. 43
Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology
References
1. Uniyat, A. V., Yuzvin, Z. I. (2019). The concept of inclusive economy in the context of modern sustainable development of countries.
Efektyvna Ekonomika, 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2019.2.55
2. Komarova, V., Mietule, I., Arbidane, I., Tumalavičius, V., Prakapienė, D. (2021). Will production in the modern world and its regions
return to a slow growth regime? Economic Annals-ХХI, 187 (1-2), 4–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v187-01
3. Marchenko, O. S. (2020). Inkliuzyvnyi pidkhid u sferi konsaltynhu ta profesiyni posluhy “PRO BONO”. Materialy mizhnarodnoi
naukovo-praktychnoi Internet-konferentsiyi: Inkliuzyvnyi rozvytok ekonomiky v umovakh hlobalnykh vyklykiv sohodennia.
Kharkiv, 4–6. Available at: https://science.kname.edu.ua/images/dok/konferentsii/2020konf/1-28__.pdf
4. Bobukh, I. M., Shchegel, S. M. (2018). Strategic environments of economic growth in Ukraine: inclusiveness as a key priority. Visnik
Nacional’noi’ Academii’ Nauk Ukrai’ni, 7, 55–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2018.07.055
5. Dunska, A., Zhaldak, H. (2021). The influence of endogenous innovative sources on the development of exports of industrial
enterprises. Economic Annals-ХХI, 187 (1-2), 99–113. doi: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v187-10
6. Tkalich, T. (2018). Inclusive economy as a model of world economic growth. Naukovyi visnyk MNU imeni V.O. Sukhomlynskoho.
Ekonomichni nauky, 1 (10), 93–98. Available at: http://www.mdu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/Econom-visnyk-10-17.pdf
7. Arrow, K. J. (1963). Social Choice and Individual Values. New-York.
8. Pererva, P., Usov, M., Chernobrovkina, S., Larka, L., Rudyka, V. (2021). Methods for Assessing the Investment Attractiveness of
Innovative Projects. Studies of Applied Economics, 39 (6). doi: https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i6.5167
9. Tsapko-Piddubna, O. (2021). Inclusive growth policy and institutional assessment: the case of Central and Eastern European
countries. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 7 (2), 233–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-233-239
10. Benko, N. (2021). Dominants of development and reproduction of human capital as a strategic component of change. Baltic Journal
of Economic Studies, 7 (2), 28–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-28-36
11. Barash, Y., Kryvytskyi, Y., Ablamskyi, S. (2018). External experience for the execution of exchange regulation and possibilities of its
application in Ukraine. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 4 (1), 25–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-1-25-30