Social engineering - Ingeniería social
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This document outlines the design of a study on social engineering and compliance. It discusses using principles of authority and persuasion to get employees to share their office keys. Participants will impersonate a facility manager and randomly ask employees for their keys under different conditions. The goal is to see how factors like an authority figure or formal clothing influence compliance. On a set date, participants will conduct the experiment individually at different research groups on campus and record the results. Proper training and ethical approval were obtained for the low-risk study.
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INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on the causes o.docx
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the causes of digital crime. There are several theories that have
been postulated over the past 100 years to explain crime, and there is an emerging body of
research attempting to apply these concepts to digital crimes. A theory is an attempt to
answer the question “Why?” In this chapter, theories will be presented that attempt to answer
the question “Why do individuals commit digital crime?” This chapter will review crimino-
logical theories that can explain digital crime, though it is important to note that these theo-
retical frameworks were developed to explain crime in general, not digital crime specifically.
As a result, support for some of these theories is mixed and require a great deal of investiga-
tion. The discussion presented here will present the existing body of criminological research
with a variety of offending and victimization practices, as well as examples to demonstrate
how a particular theory can explain digital crime.
CHOICE THEORY
According to choice theory, an individual commits a crime because he or she makes a ratio-
nal choice to do so by weighing the risks and benefits of committing the act. If the risks (e.g.,
apprehension and punishment) outweigh the benefits, then the person will not commit the
act. The opposite is also true. Choice theory became popular among criminologists in the
late 1970s for three reasons. First, the positive school began to be questioned. The positive
school was based on the belief that crime-producing traits and factors could be isolated, and
treatment could be administered to eliminate or control the trait/factor. However, it was
3
The Criminology of
Computer Crime
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you should be able to
■ Discuss the tenets of choice theory, including routine activities theory, and its
applicability to digital crimes.
■ Describe the assumptions of deterrence theory and its utility.
■ Discuss the impact of personality disorders on digital crime.
■ Discuss the major social structure theories that apply to digital crime.
■ Discuss the learning and social control theories that apply to digital crime.
■ Describe the relationship between terrorism and political theory.
43
IS
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1
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23
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06
52
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Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism, Third Edition, by Robert W. Taylor, Eric J. Fritsch, and John Liederbach. Published by Prentice Hall.
Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
44 Chapter 3 • The Criminology of Computer Crime
being argued at the time that these factors and traits had failed to be identified and iso-
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school and began to offer alternative reasons for why people commit crime.
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A Taxonomy of Cyber Awareness Questions
for the User-Centered Design
of Cyber Situation Awareness*
Celeste Lyn Paul and Kirsten Whitley
Department of Defense, United States
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. This paper offers insights to how cyber security analysts establish
and maintain situation awareness of a large computer network. Through a series
of interviews, observations, and a card sorting activity, we examined the ques-
tions analysts asked themselves during a network event. We present the results
of our work as a taxonomy of cyber awareness questions that represents a
mental model of situation awareness in cyber security analysts.
Keywords: Computer security, situation awareness, user-centered design.
1 Introduction
This paper presents a taxonomy of cyber awareness questions derived from a series of
user-centered research activities that can be used to inform the design and
development of cyber situation awareness technology. One of the most important
responsibilities of a cyber security analyst is to watch over and protect his network
from harm. Maintaining situation awareness of the wide variety of events that occur
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Good situation awareness technology requires good design, and good design requires
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In the case of a cyber security analyst, the practice of good user-centered design is
focused on his security-related work processes on a large computer network. One way
of understanding how a cyber security analyst accomplishes situation awareness on a
large computer network is to study the questions he may ask himself during the course
of a network event. Studying the relationships between these questions will lead to a
better understanding of the analysts’ mental model of cyber situation awareness. A
mental model of cyber situation awareness is a valuable tool in the user-centered
design of cyber-related technology and to researchers who cannot always study cyber
security analysts in the field.
* This article is a work of the U.S. Government, and per 17 U.S.C. §105, receives no copyright
protection within the U.S. In those countries that afford the article copyright protection, the
U.S. Government puts the article into the public domain.
146 C.L. Paul and K. Whitley
2 Background
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Privacy at Work —Ethical CriteriaAnders J. PerssonSven.docx
Privacy at Work —
Ethical Criteria
Anders J. Persson
Sven Ove Hansson
ABSTRACT. New technologies and practices, such
as drug testing, genetic testing, and electronic sur-
veillance infringe upon the privacy of workers on
workplaces. We argue that employees have a prima
facie right to privacy, but this right can be overridden
by competing moral principles that follow, explicitly
or implicitly, from the contract of employment. We
propose a set of criteria for when intrusions into an
employee's privacy are justified. Three types of justi-
fication are specified, namely those that refer to the
employer's interests, to the interests of the employee
her- or himself, and to the interests of third parties
such as customers and fellow workers. For each of
these three types, sub-criteria are proposed that can
be used to determine whether a particular infringe-
ment into an employee's privacy is morally justified
or not.
KEY WORDS: contract of employment, drug testing,
ethical criteria, ethics, genetic testing, privacy, sur-
veillance, work
Anders J. Persson is Ph.D. candidate in Philosophy at the
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
Sven Ove Hansson is professor of Philosophy at the Royal
Institute of Technology, Stockholm. His major research
areas are philosophy of risk, decision theory, episte-
mology, belief dynamics, and value theory. He partici-
pates in several interdisciplinary research projects on
environmental risk assessment and risk management. His
most recent books are Setting the Limit. (1998), A
Textbook of Belief Dynamics. Theory Change and
Database Updating (1999), and The Structures of
Values and Norms (2001).
1. Introduction
Technological developments have in many cases
alleviated work and improved v^ork conditions.
At the same time new technologies have caused
new problems for workers. Several new tech-
nologies infringe upon the privacy of workers.'
This applies in particular to three major groups
of technologies and practices: drug testing,
genetic testing, and surveillance. We will begin
by briefly introducing these, before discussing
how they relate to the privacy issue.
Drug testing. According to statistics from the
laboratory that performs about 80 percent of the
drug tests ordered from employers in Sweden
(Huddinge sjukhus), employers' use of such tests
has become more and more common in this
country (Eriksson and Olsson, 2001). The same
tendency seems to prevail in other countries.
Genetic testing. Genetic testing includes both
genetic screening and genetic monitoring. In
genetic screening, workers are examined for
possible genetic predispositions for example to
chemically caused disease. In genetic monitoring,
workers are tested for genetic damage caused e.g.
by exposure to chemicals in the workplace.
According to a report from 1982, about 5
percent of American businesses had set up
programs of genetic screening on workers, and
about 15 percent had plans to introduce such
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Treat Cyber Like a Disease
This document discusses treating cybersecurity risks like public health issues by collecting and analyzing cyber threat data. It proposes adopting approaches used by Patient Safety Organizations (PSOs) that collect medical error data to identify risks. PSOs analyze error sources, propose prevention methods, and raise awareness. Similarly, the document argues, cyber risk intelligence programs should collect online data on cyber attacks, standardize it, analyze trends to manage organizational and supply chain risks, and educate stakeholders. It promotes the speaker's company, SurfWatch Labs, as providing a solution to bridge tactical cybersecurity and strategic insights through real-time healthcare cyber reports and samples.
Discussion 1Proposed Topic Appropriate Training and Coordin
Discussion 1
Proposed Topic: Appropriate Training and Coordinated Strategies have the Effect of Diminishing Cyber-Attacks in Healthcare Organizations.
Problems are addressed: The research topic that I selected shows the importance of reducing cyber-attacks by taking steps such as educating employees and reform strategies. Coventry & Branley (2018), find that "the bulk of cyber-attacks happen due to the negligence of employees, and companies do not have proper strategic planning to tackle it" (p.31). I have been working in the healthcare industry for around 6 years, and I find many data breaches happen due to a lack of knowledge about cyber security. In the proposed topic, I will discuss how proper training and strategies can reduce the impact of cyber-attacks. In addition to that, I will provide some recommendations to improve the situation. In the previous literature, the discussion does not cover the importance of training and strategies, but I will cover those areas such as training and strategies that were covered in my research paper.
Trends are found that are related to My Topic
Industries spend millions protecting sensitive data from unauthorized users. The trend is to protect personal information by implementing cyber security. Nowadays, companies are aggressive in terms of implementing security in every stage of their applications (Tully et al., 2020). In addition to that, healthcare companies are most vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to keeping clients’ personal information, and those cyber-attacks happen due to the negligence of employees or lack of responsibility from the company’s side (Coventry & Branley, 2018). The main reason for choosing the topic is to follow the trend to protect data by implementing a proper strategy and appropriate training for the employees.
The Gap in Previous Literature
After reviewing some research papers, I discovered a gap in evidence where they only focus on policies and adopting new technologies to prevent cyber-attacks, but the core issue is employee cyber security training and involvement in dealing with the situation. In my research paper, I want to discuss how organizations’ strategies and employees’ involvement go hand in hand (Tully et al., 2020, p.11).
Literature related to my topic
Arapi, K. (2018). The healthcare industry: Evolving cyber threats and risks (Doctoral
dissertation, Utica College
Cuenca, J. V. (2017). Cybersecurity Challenges in Healthcare Industries (Doctoral dissertation,
Utica College).
Majkowski, G. O. (2019). Healthcare Cybersecurity: Building a Cyber Vulnerability Profile for
US Hospitals (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Alabama at Birmingham).
Wells, A. J. (2019). Cyber-Security Incidents and Organizational Policies in Healthcare
(Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).
References
Coventry, L ...
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This document discusses professional practices and computer ethics. It begins with background on ethics according to Socrates, defining ethics as knowing the difference between right and wrong. It then defines computer ethics and its components: responsibility, ownership, access, and personal privacy. The document then discusses the impact of cybercrime such as fraud, sabotage, and hacking. It provides examples of computer ethics cases and concludes with discussing the 10 commandments of computer ethics.
Chapter 16Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Researc.docx
Chapter 16
Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Research
Uses of the Internet in Research
Search capabilities provide access to resources
Participants can be recruited
Efficient way to collect data, especially data on socially undesirable behavior and sensitive topics
Tracks Internet behavior for potential research topics
2
Recruiting Participants for
Internet-Based Research
Opt-in panels
Prerecruited panels
List-based sampling
Harvested email addresses
Self-selected surveying
Pop-up surveys
3
Participant Testing and Interviewing
Computer-assisted testing (CAT) has improved how we test participants
Questionnaires can be designed so participants are not asked inapplicable questions
Response time is more precisely measured than when done manually
Complex scoring of results can be done automatically
4
Quality Considerations in
Internet-Based Research
Hard-to-reach groups may be accessed
Some segments of the population cannot be reached via the internet
Sensitive topics are more easily discussed
Participants may try to provide the “right” answer but in fact are giving inauthentic responses
5
Special Ethical Concerns in
Internet-Based Research
Questions or privacy and what constitutes public information are complicated in Internet-based research
Be sure to follow ethical guidelines so you do not encounter a denial of approval from your IRB
6
Secondary Data Analysis
Secondary analysis is the reanalysis of existing databases asking a different question
The data can be quantitative or qualitative, but secondary analysis is more common for quantitative work
7
Sources of Datasets
Government-created or sponsored datasets at national, state, and local levels
Large clinical trials
Smaller datasets
8
Advantages of Secondary Analysis
Eliminates several steps in the research process, saving time and money
Additional use of existing databases
Often provides larger databases than you would otherwise have the resources to accumulate
9
Advantages of Secondary Analysis
Databases have been cleaned
Quality of the data is often high, reflecting the expertise of those who directed the work
Usually there is some evidence for acceptable reliability and validity of the data
10
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
It is often difficult to find a database containing the desired information
The sample may not be exactly what is most desirable for the new research question
Much of the information in large databases is based upon a single question rather than on in-depth questions or testing
11
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
Data often are not in the ideal form for the planned analysis and variables may not be in desired form
Data may not be set up in the manner needed to conduct analysis so complex transformations may be needed
12
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
The software used to create the database may not be entirely compatible with your statistical analysis software
13
Selecting a Topic for a Hist ...
Presentatie professor Hartel Dialogues House, 28 mrt 2012
1) Cyber-crime is a growing problem as online banking fraud has increased significantly from 2010 to 2012. The human element of security is often the weakest link, as shown through social engineering experiments.
2) A case study on the DigiNotar hack revealed that poor security practices like weak passwords and lack of antivirus software allowed hackers to issue false digital certificates.
3) Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing criminal opportunities and can provide techniques to address phishing through education and awareness training, as well as ensuring computers have up-to-date security systems. However, training may have limited effectiveness without broader changes to influence actual criminal behavior.
Advances in qualitative and quantitative fieldwork - Microcon fafo june 2011
- The Microcon research projects utilized both existing quantitative datasets as well as new qualitative and quantitative data collected in conflict-affected areas. Existing data included household surveys and census data while new data consisted mainly of qualitative sources like interviews and focus groups.
- Data collection in conflict zones presents challenges in ensuring proper conceptualization, methodology, and representative sampling due to safety and access issues. Microcon employed techniques like respondent-driven sampling to address some selection biases.
- Ethical questions around protecting respondents and field researchers, obtaining informed consent, and assessing potential risks and benefits were important considerations but no easy solutions exist given the realities of conducting research in conflict settings.
Detecting Algorithmic Bias (keynote at DIR 2016)
Keynote at the Dutch-Belgian Information Retrieval Workshop, November 2016, Delft, Netherlands.
Based on KDD 2016 tutorial with Sara Hajian and Francesco Bonchi.
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This document outlines ethical considerations and safeguards for social network study design. It discusses principles from the Belmont Report including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Key risks in social network research are deductive disclosure, outing people, and legal or privacy risks from relational data. Mitigation strategies include data agreements, restricting access to identifying data, training researchers, and communicating clearly with IRBs. The document emphasizes that network studies require safeguarding participant and alter privacy.
INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on the causes o.docx
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the causes of digital crime. There are several theories that have
been postulated over the past 100 years to explain crime, and there is an emerging body of
research attempting to apply these concepts to digital crimes. A theory is an attempt to
answer the question “Why?” In this chapter, theories will be presented that attempt to answer
the question “Why do individuals commit digital crime?” This chapter will review crimino-
logical theories that can explain digital crime, though it is important to note that these theo-
retical frameworks were developed to explain crime in general, not digital crime specifically.
As a result, support for some of these theories is mixed and require a great deal of investiga-
tion. The discussion presented here will present the existing body of criminological research
with a variety of offending and victimization practices, as well as examples to demonstrate
how a particular theory can explain digital crime.
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According to choice theory, an individual commits a crime because he or she makes a ratio-
nal choice to do so by weighing the risks and benefits of committing the act. If the risks (e.g.,
apprehension and punishment) outweigh the benefits, then the person will not commit the
act. The opposite is also true. Choice theory became popular among criminologists in the
late 1970s for three reasons. First, the positive school began to be questioned. The positive
school was based on the belief that crime-producing traits and factors could be isolated, and
treatment could be administered to eliminate or control the trait/factor. However, it was
3
The Criminology of
Computer Crime
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you should be able to
■ Discuss the tenets of choice theory, including routine activities theory, and its
applicability to digital crimes.
■ Describe the assumptions of deterrence theory and its utility.
■ Discuss the impact of personality disorders on digital crime.
■ Discuss the major social structure theories that apply to digital crime.
■ Discuss the learning and social control theories that apply to digital crime.
■ Describe the relationship between terrorism and political theory.
43
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B
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1
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23
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06
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Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism, Third Edition, by Robert W. Taylor, Eric J. Fritsch, and John Liederbach. Published by Prentice Hall.
Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
44 Chapter 3 • The Criminology of Computer Crime
being argued at the time that these factors and traits had failed to be identified and iso-
lated after almost 100 years of effort. Individuals became dissatisfied with the positive
school and began to offer alternative reasons for why people commit crime.
Second, the reported crime rate in the 1960s and 1970s increased significantly.
This was evidence to some that what was currently bein ...
Introduction to the ethics of machine learning
A brief introduction to the domain that is variously described as the ethics of machine learning, data science ethics, AI ethics and the ethics of big data. (Delivered as a guest lecture for COMPSCI 361 at the University of Auckland on May 29, 2019)
501 Presentation 10-9
The document discusses using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for security and privacy research. It describes some examples of previous studies that used MTurk, such as analyzing phishing susceptibility and malware installation rates. The document also notes some challenges of using MTurk, such as ensuring incentive alignment, validity of results given participant demographics and habits, and potential ethical issues.
A Case for Expectation Informed Design - Full
This document provides a summary of Marie Joan Kristine T. Gloria's presentation on expectation informed design. The presentation contained 5 sections:
1. Problem and motivation regarding privacy issues and data collection online
2. Expectations in terms of understanding choice, consent, and cognitive psychology perspectives
3. The Eliciting Expectation Project which aims to measure privacy expectations through surveys and focus groups
4. Preliminary analysis of surveys completed by legal professionals which found high expectations of privacy and violations but neutral expectations of agency
5. Plans for future work to continue analyzing survey results and potentially conduct interviews
A Case for Expectation Informed Design
This document provides an overview of Marie Joan Kristine T. Gloria's presentation titled "A Case for Expectation Informed Design". The presentation discusses how expectations impact privacy and design. It motivates the problem by noting the divergence between collective understanding of privacy's value and individual ability to protect it. It then covers expectations from technical, social/legal, behavioral, and cognitive psychology perspectives. The Eliciting Expectations Project aims to measure expectations of privacy, violations, and agency through surveys. Preliminary analysis of legal professionals showed high expectations of privacy and violations but neutral expectations of agency. The goal is to inform privacy-respecting design based on user expectations.
The Intersection of Social Media and Human Subjects Research
The Intersection of Social Media and Human Subjects ResearchInternet Research Ethics Digital Library, Resource Center, and Commons
This presentation discusses the intersection of social media and human subjects research regulations. It provides an overview of the scope and requirements of HHS regulations for protecting human subjects. It then examines how these regulations apply to using social media for subject recruitment and as a research tool, as well as conducting research on social media. Key issues addressed include informed consent, privacy/confidentiality, risks/benefits, and challenges for IRBs in evaluating this type of research.Data, Responsibly: The Next Decade of Data Science
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This document discusses balancing security and privacy through data science. It provides context on security and privacy, describing them as similar but different concepts. It also describes facets of privacy like anonymity and pseudonymity. The document examines how data science techniques like statistical analysis, machine learning, and predictive analytics can impact both privacy and security. It provides examples of how these techniques can help or harm privacy and security goals. Finally, it recommends that organizations understand their data and capabilities, follow guidance like NIST 800-53, and continuously monitor developments to balance privacy and security appropriately.
AAPOR 2012 Langer Probability
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L. Marinos and I. Askoxylakis (Eds.) HASHCII 2013, LNCS 8030.docx
L. Marinos and I. Askoxylakis (Eds.): HAS/HCII 2013, LNCS 8030, pp. 145–154, 2013.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
A Taxonomy of Cyber Awareness Questions
for the User-Centered Design
of Cyber Situation Awareness*
Celeste Lyn Paul and Kirsten Whitley
Department of Defense, United States
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. This paper offers insights to how cyber security analysts establish
and maintain situation awareness of a large computer network. Through a series
of interviews, observations, and a card sorting activity, we examined the ques-
tions analysts asked themselves during a network event. We present the results
of our work as a taxonomy of cyber awareness questions that represents a
mental model of situation awareness in cyber security analysts.
Keywords: Computer security, situation awareness, user-centered design.
1 Introduction
This paper presents a taxonomy of cyber awareness questions derived from a series of
user-centered research activities that can be used to inform the design and
development of cyber situation awareness technology. One of the most important
responsibilities of a cyber security analyst is to watch over and protect his network
from harm. Maintaining situation awareness of the wide variety of events that occur
and massive amounts of data generated is one of many analytic challenges. Situation
awareness technology aims to reduce the data overload burden placed on the analyst.
Good situation awareness technology requires good design, and good design requires
a good understanding of the user and a focus on the user during the design process.
In the case of a cyber security analyst, the practice of good user-centered design is
focused on his security-related work processes on a large computer network. One way
of understanding how a cyber security analyst accomplishes situation awareness on a
large computer network is to study the questions he may ask himself during the course
of a network event. Studying the relationships between these questions will lead to a
better understanding of the analysts’ mental model of cyber situation awareness. A
mental model of cyber situation awareness is a valuable tool in the user-centered
design of cyber-related technology and to researchers who cannot always study cyber
security analysts in the field.
* This article is a work of the U.S. Government, and per 17 U.S.C. §105, receives no copyright
protection within the U.S. In those countries that afford the article copyright protection, the
U.S. Government puts the article into the public domain.
146 C.L. Paul and K. Whitley
2 Background
There is a growing body of work within the cyber security field that is focused on
understanding the work processes of cyber security analysts. For example, the results
of a series of interviews with a wide variety of cyber security analysts by Werlinger et
al. ...
Privacy at Work —Ethical CriteriaAnders J. PerssonSven.docx
Privacy at Work —
Ethical Criteria
Anders J. Persson
Sven Ove Hansson
ABSTRACT. New technologies and practices, such
as drug testing, genetic testing, and electronic sur-
veillance infringe upon the privacy of workers on
workplaces. We argue that employees have a prima
facie right to privacy, but this right can be overridden
by competing moral principles that follow, explicitly
or implicitly, from the contract of employment. We
propose a set of criteria for when intrusions into an
employee's privacy are justified. Three types of justi-
fication are specified, namely those that refer to the
employer's interests, to the interests of the employee
her- or himself, and to the interests of third parties
such as customers and fellow workers. For each of
these three types, sub-criteria are proposed that can
be used to determine whether a particular infringe-
ment into an employee's privacy is morally justified
or not.
KEY WORDS: contract of employment, drug testing,
ethical criteria, ethics, genetic testing, privacy, sur-
veillance, work
Anders J. Persson is Ph.D. candidate in Philosophy at the
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
Sven Ove Hansson is professor of Philosophy at the Royal
Institute of Technology, Stockholm. His major research
areas are philosophy of risk, decision theory, episte-
mology, belief dynamics, and value theory. He partici-
pates in several interdisciplinary research projects on
environmental risk assessment and risk management. His
most recent books are Setting the Limit. (1998), A
Textbook of Belief Dynamics. Theory Change and
Database Updating (1999), and The Structures of
Values and Norms (2001).
1. Introduction
Technological developments have in many cases
alleviated work and improved v^ork conditions.
At the same time new technologies have caused
new problems for workers. Several new tech-
nologies infringe upon the privacy of workers.'
This applies in particular to three major groups
of technologies and practices: drug testing,
genetic testing, and surveillance. We will begin
by briefly introducing these, before discussing
how they relate to the privacy issue.
Drug testing. According to statistics from the
laboratory that performs about 80 percent of the
drug tests ordered from employers in Sweden
(Huddinge sjukhus), employers' use of such tests
has become more and more common in this
country (Eriksson and Olsson, 2001). The same
tendency seems to prevail in other countries.
Genetic testing. Genetic testing includes both
genetic screening and genetic monitoring. In
genetic screening, workers are examined for
possible genetic predispositions for example to
chemically caused disease. In genetic monitoring,
workers are tested for genetic damage caused e.g.
by exposure to chemicals in the workplace.
According to a report from 1982, about 5
percent of American businesses had set up
programs of genetic screening on workers, and
about 15 percent had plans to introduce such
programs (National Opinion Research Ce.
Treat Cyber Like a Disease
This document discusses treating cybersecurity risks like public health issues by collecting and analyzing cyber threat data. It proposes adopting approaches used by Patient Safety Organizations (PSOs) that collect medical error data to identify risks. PSOs analyze error sources, propose prevention methods, and raise awareness. Similarly, the document argues, cyber risk intelligence programs should collect online data on cyber attacks, standardize it, analyze trends to manage organizational and supply chain risks, and educate stakeholders. It promotes the speaker's company, SurfWatch Labs, as providing a solution to bridge tactical cybersecurity and strategic insights through real-time healthcare cyber reports and samples.
Discussion 1Proposed Topic Appropriate Training and Coordin
Discussion 1
Proposed Topic: Appropriate Training and Coordinated Strategies have the Effect of Diminishing Cyber-Attacks in Healthcare Organizations.
Problems are addressed: The research topic that I selected shows the importance of reducing cyber-attacks by taking steps such as educating employees and reform strategies. Coventry & Branley (2018), find that "the bulk of cyber-attacks happen due to the negligence of employees, and companies do not have proper strategic planning to tackle it" (p.31). I have been working in the healthcare industry for around 6 years, and I find many data breaches happen due to a lack of knowledge about cyber security. In the proposed topic, I will discuss how proper training and strategies can reduce the impact of cyber-attacks. In addition to that, I will provide some recommendations to improve the situation. In the previous literature, the discussion does not cover the importance of training and strategies, but I will cover those areas such as training and strategies that were covered in my research paper.
Trends are found that are related to My Topic
Industries spend millions protecting sensitive data from unauthorized users. The trend is to protect personal information by implementing cyber security. Nowadays, companies are aggressive in terms of implementing security in every stage of their applications (Tully et al., 2020). In addition to that, healthcare companies are most vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to keeping clients’ personal information, and those cyber-attacks happen due to the negligence of employees or lack of responsibility from the company’s side (Coventry & Branley, 2018). The main reason for choosing the topic is to follow the trend to protect data by implementing a proper strategy and appropriate training for the employees.
The Gap in Previous Literature
After reviewing some research papers, I discovered a gap in evidence where they only focus on policies and adopting new technologies to prevent cyber-attacks, but the core issue is employee cyber security training and involvement in dealing with the situation. In my research paper, I want to discuss how organizations’ strategies and employees’ involvement go hand in hand (Tully et al., 2020, p.11).
Literature related to my topic
Arapi, K. (2018). The healthcare industry: Evolving cyber threats and risks (Doctoral
dissertation, Utica College
Cuenca, J. V. (2017). Cybersecurity Challenges in Healthcare Industries (Doctoral dissertation,
Utica College).
Majkowski, G. O. (2019). Healthcare Cybersecurity: Building a Cyber Vulnerability Profile for
US Hospitals (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Alabama at Birmingham).
Wells, A. J. (2019). Cyber-Security Incidents and Organizational Policies in Healthcare
(Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).
References
Coventry, L ...
Chapter 12 - Computer Forensics
This document discusses the field of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the collection, preservation, and analysis of computer-related evidence. The goal is to provide solid legal evidence that can be admitted in court and understood by laypeople. Computer forensics is used to investigate various incidents including human behavior like fraud, physical events like hardware failures, and organizational issues like staff changes. It aims to determine the root cause of system disruptions and failures.
Introduction to ethics 1
This document discusses professional practices and computer ethics. It begins with background on ethics according to Socrates, defining ethics as knowing the difference between right and wrong. It then defines computer ethics and its components: responsibility, ownership, access, and personal privacy. The document then discusses the impact of cybercrime such as fraud, sabotage, and hacking. It provides examples of computer ethics cases and concludes with discussing the 10 commandments of computer ethics.
Chapter 16Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Researc.docx
Chapter 16
Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Research
Uses of the Internet in Research
Search capabilities provide access to resources
Participants can be recruited
Efficient way to collect data, especially data on socially undesirable behavior and sensitive topics
Tracks Internet behavior for potential research topics
2
Recruiting Participants for
Internet-Based Research
Opt-in panels
Prerecruited panels
List-based sampling
Harvested email addresses
Self-selected surveying
Pop-up surveys
3
Participant Testing and Interviewing
Computer-assisted testing (CAT) has improved how we test participants
Questionnaires can be designed so participants are not asked inapplicable questions
Response time is more precisely measured than when done manually
Complex scoring of results can be done automatically
4
Quality Considerations in
Internet-Based Research
Hard-to-reach groups may be accessed
Some segments of the population cannot be reached via the internet
Sensitive topics are more easily discussed
Participants may try to provide the “right” answer but in fact are giving inauthentic responses
5
Special Ethical Concerns in
Internet-Based Research
Questions or privacy and what constitutes public information are complicated in Internet-based research
Be sure to follow ethical guidelines so you do not encounter a denial of approval from your IRB
6
Secondary Data Analysis
Secondary analysis is the reanalysis of existing databases asking a different question
The data can be quantitative or qualitative, but secondary analysis is more common for quantitative work
7
Sources of Datasets
Government-created or sponsored datasets at national, state, and local levels
Large clinical trials
Smaller datasets
8
Advantages of Secondary Analysis
Eliminates several steps in the research process, saving time and money
Additional use of existing databases
Often provides larger databases than you would otherwise have the resources to accumulate
9
Advantages of Secondary Analysis
Databases have been cleaned
Quality of the data is often high, reflecting the expertise of those who directed the work
Usually there is some evidence for acceptable reliability and validity of the data
10
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
It is often difficult to find a database containing the desired information
The sample may not be exactly what is most desirable for the new research question
Much of the information in large databases is based upon a single question rather than on in-depth questions or testing
11
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
Data often are not in the ideal form for the planned analysis and variables may not be in desired form
Data may not be set up in the manner needed to conduct analysis so complex transformations may be needed
12
Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis
The software used to create the database may not be entirely compatible with your statistical analysis software
13
Selecting a Topic for a Hist ...
Presentatie professor Hartel Dialogues House, 28 mrt 2012
1) Cyber-crime is a growing problem as online banking fraud has increased significantly from 2010 to 2012. The human element of security is often the weakest link, as shown through social engineering experiments.
2) A case study on the DigiNotar hack revealed that poor security practices like weak passwords and lack of antivirus software allowed hackers to issue false digital certificates.
3) Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing criminal opportunities and can provide techniques to address phishing through education and awareness training, as well as ensuring computers have up-to-date security systems. However, training may have limited effectiveness without broader changes to influence actual criminal behavior.
Advances in qualitative and quantitative fieldwork - Microcon fafo june 2011
- The Microcon research projects utilized both existing quantitative datasets as well as new qualitative and quantitative data collected in conflict-affected areas. Existing data included household surveys and census data while new data consisted mainly of qualitative sources like interviews and focus groups.
- Data collection in conflict zones presents challenges in ensuring proper conceptualization, methodology, and representative sampling due to safety and access issues. Microcon employed techniques like respondent-driven sampling to address some selection biases.
- Ethical questions around protecting respondents and field researchers, obtaining informed consent, and assessing potential risks and benefits were important considerations but no easy solutions exist given the realities of conducting research in conflict settings.
Detecting Algorithmic Bias (keynote at DIR 2016)
Keynote at the Dutch-Belgian Information Retrieval Workshop, November 2016, Delft, Netherlands.
Based on KDD 2016 tutorial with Sara Hajian and Francesco Bonchi.
Similar to Social engineering - Ingeniería social (20)
06 Network Study Design: Ethical Considerations and Safeguards (2016)
06 Network Study Design: Ethical Considerations and Safeguards (2016)
INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on the causes o.docx
INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on the causes o.docx
The Intersection of Social Media and Human Subjects Research
The Intersection of Social Media and Human Subjects Research
Data, Responsibly: The Next Decade of Data Science
Data, Responsibly: The Next Decade of Data Science
Data Science at Intersection of Security and Privacy
Data Science at Intersection of Security and Privacy
L. Marinos and I. Askoxylakis (Eds.) HASHCII 2013, LNCS 8030.docx
L. Marinos and I. Askoxylakis (Eds.) HASHCII 2013, LNCS 8030.docx
Privacy at Work —Ethical CriteriaAnders J. PerssonSven.docx
Privacy at Work —Ethical CriteriaAnders J. PerssonSven.docx
Discussion 1Proposed Topic Appropriate Training and Coordin
Discussion 1Proposed Topic Appropriate Training and Coordin
Chapter 16Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Researc.docx
Chapter 16Internet, Secondary Analysis, and Historical Researc.docx
Presentatie professor Hartel Dialogues House, 28 mrt 2012
Presentatie professor Hartel Dialogues House, 28 mrt 2012
Advances in qualitative and quantitative fieldwork - Microcon fafo june 2011
Advances in qualitative and quantitative fieldwork - Microcon fafo june 2011
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http://www.ivoox.com/antartida-tierra-hueca-nazis-arianni-pueblos-audios-mp3_rf_1973524_1.html
Título original.
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http://www.tartessos.info/html2/atlantes2.htm
Si has estado siguiendo los audios relacionados con la Antártida, los Nazis, las expediciones d el Almirante Richard E. Byrd y la mención de la civilización Arianni en el controvertido diario, seguramente divulgado adrede por una mano oscura que sabía del efecto e influencia que tendría su contenido, te va a interesar y mucho el siguiente artículo que apunta hacia algunas pistas...
"[...] Durante el reinado de Ramses III (1183-1152 a.C.) Egipto se enfrenta a una difícil situación militar en su zona de influencia, Hatti había caído y con ella el Imperio Hitita, Troya destruida en el 1184 a.C. sólo eran unos indicadores del inmenso colapso que estaba afectando a Asia Menor y buena parte del mediterráneo Oriental, como lo demuestra la caída de Micenas, la desolación de Chipre y la destrucción de ciudades como Ugarit, Alalak, Enkomi, Katna, Niya, Karkemish y otras que quedaron devastadas en tal medida que nunca más fueron pobladas nuevamente. La causa de todo este imponente éxodo de pueblos que cambiaría completamente el equilibrio de fuerzas y la economía en el Mediterráneo, lo crearía un gigantesco movimiento de expansión procedente de Asia central.
Esta gigantesca égida la crearon los pueblos Arios, representados por los cassitas, que procedentes de las distintas oleadas de tribus originarias de los Arianni expulsados de Agarttha (2500 a.C.), conquistarían el alto Indo e Irán en el 1700 a.C., irrumpiendo ahora en el mediterráneo a través de Mesopotamia, creando tres grandes reinos: el hurrita de Mitani, la Babilonia amorrea y el Imperio Hitita. Esta nueva fuerza político-militar y cultural que introduciría la cultura indo-europea en el mediterráneo y su idioma el sánscrito, constituyó una amenaza sin precedentes para los restos de la cultura Poseidónica (Atlante), la cual reaccionó como un solo hombre ante la incontenible invasión Arianni, agrupándose en la confederación de los ‘Pueblos del Mar’, aquellos que formaron en un tiempo remoto el imperio continental de Poseidonis.
Los Pueblos del Mar atacaron ferozmente al recién llegado enemigo, destruyendo el Imperio Hitita y su capital Hatti. Troya es otra muestra más de la alianza de los Pueblos del Mar contra los primeros Arianni que se establecieron en el Mediterráneo, como lo demuestra las cruces svásticas encontradas en sus ruinas. En este caso, los griegos estaban representados por los Aqueos, tal y como lo narra Homero en la Iliada, aunque esta alianza helénica está personificada sólo de forma muy parcial y referida a un hecho concreto."
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Social engineering - Ingeniería social
- 1. Social Engineering Training Jan-Willem Bullee
- 2. 2 Cyber-crime Science Background Effectiveness of authority on compliance We can get some of the answers from » Literature (Meta-analysis) » Attacker stories/interviews But the answers are inconclusive » Different context » Hard to measure human nature » Difficult to standardize behaviour. 2
- 3. 3 Cyber-crime Science Persuasion Principles Authority Conformity Commitment Liking Reciprocity Scarcity 3
- 4. 4 Cyber-crime Science Authority Titles: Professionals vs Lay people Clothing: Formal vs Casual Trappings: Status vs Insignificance 4 [Cia01] R. B. Cialdini. The science of persuasion. Scientific American Mind, 284:76-81, Feb 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0201-76
- 5. 5 Cyber-crime Science Literature on Authority Classical Milgram Shock Experiment » 66% full compliance Nurse-Physician relationship » 95% compliance Login credentials » 47% compliance 5 [Mil63] S. Milgram. Behavioral study of obedience. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378.
- 6. 6 Cyber-crime Science Success factors of Authority Sense of duty Obedience to authority 6
- 7. 7 Cyber-crime Science Attacker Stories Books about Social Engineering Six Principles of Persuasion Provisionally Results: » 4 books » 100 cases. 7 [Mit02] K. Mitnick, W. L. Simon, and S. Wozniak. The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security. Wiley, Oct 2002. http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471237124.html
- 8. 8 Cyber-crime Science Mitnick Analysis 8
- 9. 9 Cyber-crime Science Nurse Study: Design Attacker: Doctor Target: Nurse Goal: Violating policy » Maximum dose of medicine Interface: Phone Persuasion Principle: Authority 9 [Hof66] C. Hofling, E. Brotzman, S. Dalrymple, N. Graves, and C. Pierce. An experimental study in Nurse-Physician relationships. J. of Nervous & Mental Disease, 143(2):171-180, Aug 1966.
- 10. 10 Cyber-crime Science Stealing a key What is the influence on compliance on a request of: » Social Engineering (e.g. Authority) You are the researchers! 10
- 11. 11 Cyber-crime Science Our: Design Attacker: You (Student) Target: Employee Goal: Violating policy » Sharing office key with 3rd party Interface: Face 2 Face Persuasion Principle: Authority 11
- 12. 12 Cyber-crime Science Method : Our design Dependent and Independent variables 4 experimental conditions » Intervention / No Intervention » Authority / No Authority Dependent variable » Compliance / No Compliance to request. 12 Request Comply [Fie09] A. Field. Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage, London, 3rd edition, Jan 2009. http://www.uk.sagepub.com/field3e/main.htm
- 13. 13 Cyber-crime Science Method : Our procedure Subjects from the Carré building » 14 research groups » 4 conditions Intervention vs No intervention Authority: Suite vs Casual Randomized sample Attack in 1 day 13
- 14. 14 Cyber-crime Science Method : Our procedure Attack targets » Impersonate facility manager, and ask for the key of the employee » Short Questionnaire » Note date, time, location, condition, compliance, difficulty, etc. More details on the course-site 14
- 15. 15 Cyber-crime Science What to do on Wed 11 Sep Attacker training in the morning CR2022 Execute experiment individually (or in duo’s) » One or two attackers per area » Condition and area allocation: Jan-Willem Bullee On the course-site soon » Debrief directly after attack 15
- 16. 16 Cyber-crime Science What to do on Wed 11 Sep We have permission to do this only at » UT: Carré Enter your data in SPSS » Directly after the attack » Come to me ZI4047 Earn 0.5 (out of 10) bonus points 16
- 17. 17 Cyber-crime Science Ethical issues Informed consent not possible Zero risk for the subjects Approved by facility management Consistent with data protection (PII form) Approved by ethical committee, see http://www.utwente.nl/ewi/en/research/ethics_protocol/ 17
- 18. 18 Cyber-crime Science Conclusion Designing research involves: » Decide what data are needed » Decide how to collect the data » Use validated techniques where possible » Experimental Design, pilot, evaluate and improve » Training, data gathering » Start again... 18
- 19. 19 Cyber-crime Science Further Reading 19 [Cia09] R. B. Cialdini. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. Harper Collins, 2009. http://www.harpercollins.com/browseinside/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061241895 [Gre96a] T. Greening. Ask and ye shall receive: a study in 'social engineering'. SIGSAC Rev., 14(2):8-14, Apr 1996. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/228292.228295