This document discusses various topics related to language, including:
1. Language change over time through processes like sound, lexical, semantic and syntactic changes.
2. Causes of language change such as economy, foreign influence, and fashion.
3. Language death which occurs when a language loses its last native speaker due to factors like natural disasters, wars, and lack of transmission to new generations.
4. Varieties of language that exist due to social factors including differences between regions, social classes, individuals, and situations.
i) The standard deviation formula that uses step deviation method is the formula given in option iv.
ii) The unit vector along the vector i+4j is 5/√25i + 5/√25j.
iii) When two rows of a matrix are equal, the determinant of the matrix is 0.
The document defines and provides formulas for various trigonometric, geometric, and statistical concepts:
1) It defines trigonometric functions as ratios of sides of a right-angled triangle, gives the formula for sine as f(x)=sinx, and expresses sin2A in terms of tanA.
2) It provides the definition of an angle of elevation and the relation between points P and P' under an inversion transformation as OPxOP'=r^2.
3) It gives the minimum value of y for y=sinx as -1 and the formula to find the sum of n terms of an arithmetic series as n(a+l)/2.
The document contains responses to questions about mathematics concepts. Some key points include:
- When a plane cuts a cone obliquely, it forms an ellipse.
- Vectors acting in the same direction but with different magnitudes are called like vectors.
- The father of trigonometry is Hipparchus.
- Questions cover topics like vectors, probability, trigonometric functions, quadratic functions, and properties of triangles. The responses provide definitions, values, and classifications for different mathematical terms and scenarios.
George Cantor developed the mathematical theory of sets in the late 19th century. A singleton set contains only one element, such as the set containing the highest mountain on Earth. A proper subset is a subset that is not equal to the original set. The trichotomy axiom states that for any two elements a and b in a set, exactly one of the following relations must hold: a is less than b, a is equal to b, or a is greater than b.
Scrabble Club Pokhara (SCP) was founded in 2015 with the help of American Corner Pokhara and English Language Fellows to promote learning through activities like scrabble competitions and trainings. It has since expanded to over 40 districts in Nepal and 15 international coordinators. SCP holds national and international scrabble championships annually and other educational activities. Recently, SCP facilitated online training for over 200 teachers on using gamification tools like scrabble, quizzes and coding in their classrooms to make learning more interactive and fun. The training was well received by teachers and led to increased engagement from their students. SCP aims to continue promoting transformation in education through collaborative learning networks.
The document contains 20 math quiz questions covering topics like proportions, geometry, algebra, probability, functions, and trigonometry. It provides the questions, working steps for some, and the answers. The questions test a range of math concepts and skills at a general level.
The document describes the Scrabble Club Pokhara, which was registered in 2019 and has over 20 members. It organizes Scrabble competitions and distributes Scrabble boards and tiles. The club aims to develop problem-solving and logical thinking skills through Scrabble. It has formed clubs in schools and held national and international Scrabble championships. The document also provides rules for playing Scrabble and examples of mobile apps that can be used.
This document discusses various topics related to language, including:
1. Language change over time through processes like sound, lexical, semantic and syntactic changes.
2. Causes of language change such as economy, foreign influence, and fashion.
3. Language death which occurs when a language loses its last native speaker due to factors like natural disasters, wars, and lack of transmission to new generations.
4. Varieties of language that exist due to social factors including differences between regions, social classes, individuals, and situations.
i) The standard deviation formula that uses step deviation method is the formula given in option iv.
ii) The unit vector along the vector i+4j is 5/√25i + 5/√25j.
iii) When two rows of a matrix are equal, the determinant of the matrix is 0.
The document defines and provides formulas for various trigonometric, geometric, and statistical concepts:
1) It defines trigonometric functions as ratios of sides of a right-angled triangle, gives the formula for sine as f(x)=sinx, and expresses sin2A in terms of tanA.
2) It provides the definition of an angle of elevation and the relation between points P and P' under an inversion transformation as OPxOP'=r^2.
3) It gives the minimum value of y for y=sinx as -1 and the formula to find the sum of n terms of an arithmetic series as n(a+l)/2.
The document contains responses to questions about mathematics concepts. Some key points include:
- When a plane cuts a cone obliquely, it forms an ellipse.
- Vectors acting in the same direction but with different magnitudes are called like vectors.
- The father of trigonometry is Hipparchus.
- Questions cover topics like vectors, probability, trigonometric functions, quadratic functions, and properties of triangles. The responses provide definitions, values, and classifications for different mathematical terms and scenarios.
George Cantor developed the mathematical theory of sets in the late 19th century. A singleton set contains only one element, such as the set containing the highest mountain on Earth. A proper subset is a subset that is not equal to the original set. The trichotomy axiom states that for any two elements a and b in a set, exactly one of the following relations must hold: a is less than b, a is equal to b, or a is greater than b.
Scrabble Club Pokhara (SCP) was founded in 2015 with the help of American Corner Pokhara and English Language Fellows to promote learning through activities like scrabble competitions and trainings. It has since expanded to over 40 districts in Nepal and 15 international coordinators. SCP holds national and international scrabble championships annually and other educational activities. Recently, SCP facilitated online training for over 200 teachers on using gamification tools like scrabble, quizzes and coding in their classrooms to make learning more interactive and fun. The training was well received by teachers and led to increased engagement from their students. SCP aims to continue promoting transformation in education through collaborative learning networks.
The document contains 20 math quiz questions covering topics like proportions, geometry, algebra, probability, functions, and trigonometry. It provides the questions, working steps for some, and the answers. The questions test a range of math concepts and skills at a general level.
The document describes the Scrabble Club Pokhara, which was registered in 2019 and has over 20 members. It organizes Scrabble competitions and distributes Scrabble boards and tiles. The club aims to develop problem-solving and logical thinking skills through Scrabble. It has formed clubs in schools and held national and international Scrabble championships. The document also provides rules for playing Scrabble and examples of mobile apps that can be used.
1. सामाजिक अध्ययन तथा िीवनोपयोगी ससप सिक्षा
क
े शवप्रसाद पराजुली keshabprasadparajuli@gmail.com
2. मानव र वातावरणसँग तादात्म्य राख्दै सामाजिक
अध्ययनले सभ्य समाि ननमााण गना सहयोगी
नागररक तयार गर्ा ।
एक्काइसौं िताब्दीका ससप, नरम ससप वा व्यापक ससप
पनन भननने िीवनोपयोगी ससपले िीवनलाई सरल,
सहि र सफल बनाउँर् ।
डिजिटल साक्षरता = सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रववधिको
प्रयोग गरी क
ु नै पनन सूचनाको प्राप्ती, पहहचान,
मूल्याङ्कन, उपयोग र सञ्चार गने क्षमता ।
साइवर नैनतकता = इन्टरनेट वा सामाजिक
सञ्िालमा गररने असल व्यवहार ।
साइबर अपराि = क
ु नै क्प्युटर प्रयोग वा
क्प्युटरलाई लक्षक्षत गरेर गररने क
ु नै पनन प्रकारका
गैरकानुनी, अनैनतक वा असामाजिक काया ।
3. ननणाय = क
ु नै काम गनुापूवा त्मयो काम गने वा नगने
भनी ववचारपूवाक गररएको ननष्कर्ा ।
ननणाय ननमााण = एउटा ननजचचत प्रक्रिया पूरा गरी ननणाय
गने वा उत्तम ववकल्प र्नौटको तररका ।
सञ्चार = दुई पक्षहरु बीच सूचना आदानप्रदान गने र अथा
बुझ्ने प्रक्रिया ।
तनाव व्यवस्थापन = पररवनतात वातावरणअनुक
ू ल व्यवहारमा
रुपान्तरण गरी िारीररक र मानससक सन्तुलन कायम राख्ने
काम ।
तनाव सृिना हुने अवस्था =
अजस्तत्मव, आन्तररक, वातावरणीय र कामको चापले
तनाव व्यवस्थापनका रणनीनतहरुुः
समपाण, प्रनतरोि, स्झौता
अन्तरवैयजक्तक ससप = आफ्ना ववचार राखेर अरुसँग
सञ्चार गने िनससप ।
टोसलकाया = संवाद, योिना बैठक र सहकाया गरी समूहमा
काम गने दक्षता र गुणस्तर ।
4. ननणाय सलँदा ध्यान हदनुहोस् =
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NfCg9JKMTk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7vHjEKiwV
M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNa8etaCef8
तनाव मुजक्त
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp4MxjquCE
E
नेतृत्मव
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCwYT0CEM8
4
सञ्चार
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Mb9zofrRm
g
5. मानवको िैववकीय उद्ववकास = पुच्र्र नभएका,
ठािो जिउिाल, ठु लो मजस्तष्क र दुई खुट्टाले हहँड्ने
नरवानरिस्तै पुखााबाट उद्ववकास भई िसमक रुपमा
अहहलेको मानवका रुपमा ववकास भएको प्रक्रिया ।
६०-७० लाख बर्ा अनिको सहेलान्रोपस
५८-६२ लाख बर्ा अनिको ओरोररन
४४-५८ लाख बर्ा अनिको होमोननि आडिावपथेकस
१०-४० लाख बर्ा अनिको अस्रालोवपथेकस
१५-२३ लाख बर्ा अनिको होमो ह्याबबसलस
१-१८ ला.ब. अनिको होमो इरेक्टस- अक्रिका बाहहर
३०हिार-१.५ ला.ब. अनिको होमो ननयन्िरथलेजन्सस
१.५ ला.ब. अनिदेखखको होमो सेवपयन्स
6. िमानीको िसेलिफ
ा नजिक
ै को ननयन्िर उपत्मयकाको
नामका आिारमा ननयन्िरथलको नामाकरण गररएको ।
होमो ननयन्िरथलेजन्ससहरुले ढुङ्गाबाट ववसभन्न खालका
हनतयार बनाउने संस्कृ नत = मस्तेररयन र लेभाइलोइससइन
होमो ह्याबबसलसलाई ससपालु handy मानव भननन्र् ।
आगोको प्रयोग गने प्रथम मानव पुखाा होमो इरेक्टस ।
थप िानकारीहरू
https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2021/03/20/16162085871
1374374.html
https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/10/804645
https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2021/01/15/16107077661
8349507.html
7. काला माक्र्सका अनुसार समाि ववकासका चरणहरुुः
आहदम सा्यवाद, दासप्रथा, सामन्तवादी समाि र
पूँिीवादी समाि ।
ई.बी. टाइलर र ए.एल.मोगाानका अनुसार समाि
ववकासका चरणहरुुः प्रारज्भक ढुङ्गे युग, मध्यकालीन
बबार युग र आिुननक सभ्य युग ।
नन्न पुरापार्ाण कालखण्िको मुख्य मानव प्रिानत =
होमो इरेक्टस ।
नन्न पुरापार्ाण संस्कृ नतको प्रमुख औिार =
हाते बन्चरो ।
मानव समाि ववकासको िममा मध्य पार्ाण युगमा
ववसभन्न ज्यासमतीय आकारका औिारहरु बनाइएको ।
सांस्कृ नतक पररवतानका आिारमा िाजन्तकारी युग समेत
भननने नव पार्ाण युगमा िातुको आववष्कार भएको ।
8. कृ वर् कायाको सबैभन्दा पुरानो प्रमाण भेहटएको ठाउँ =
मेसोपोटासमयाका नदी उपत्मयकादेखख िोिानस्म फ
ै सलएको
उवार अिाचन्राकार क्षेत्र ।
पूँिीवादी समािको मुख्य वविेर्ता = उत्मपादनका
सािनहरुमा ननिी स्वासमत्मव, ननिी स्पवत्तको महत्मव र
स्वतन्त्र बिार ।
औद्योधगक समाि = युरोपेली औद्योधगक िाजन्तपचचात ्
गुिारामुखी उत्मपादन प्रणालीलाई ठु लो पररमाणमा वस्तुको
उत्मपादनद्िारा प्रनतस्थापन गरेको समाि ।
सहरीकरण = सहर र सहरी िनसङ्ख्यामा वृद्धि सँगै
सवासािारणको दैननक िनिीवनमा आउने पररवतान ।
ववचवव्यावपकरण =आिुननक सुवविाहरुको ववकासले
ववचवभरमा नर्टो र सजिलो रुपमा परस्पर स्बन्ि
स्थावपत हुनसक्ने अवस्था ।
व्यजक्तवादी प्रवृवत्तमा बढोत्तरी हुनुको मुख्य कारण =
बढ्दो आिुननकता वा प्रववधिको ववस्तार
9. बहुसांस्कृ नतकता = फरकफरक सामाजिक र सांस्कृ नतक
वविेर्ता भएका माननसहरु बीचको बढ्दो अन्तरिुलन ।
सामाजिक व्यवहार मानवका आिारभूत सामाजिक
आवचयकताहरुको पररपूनता गना स्थावपत भएको हुन्र् ।
परसंस्कृ नत ग्रहण = दुई सभन्न समूहहरुका बीच स्पक
ा र
सहकायाका कारण उनीहरुको मौसलक सामाजिक र
सांस्कृ नतक ढाँचामा आउने पररवतानको प्रक्रिया ।
सामाजिक प्रक्रियाहरु मध्ये आत्ममसात ् भनेको एक समूहले
आफ्ना सामाजिक र सांस्कृ नतक वविेर्ताहरु पूणारुपमा
र्ािेर अको समूहका वविेर्ताहरु अपनाउँदै िानु हो ।
द्वन्द्व = प्रनतस्पिीहरुलाई ननर्ेि गरेर आफ
ू र आफ्नो
समूहका आवचयकताहरु पूनताको प्रयास गने सामाजिक
व्यवहार ।
अनुक
ू लन = माननस वा समूहले आफ्ना सामाजिक तथा
अन्य आवचयकताहरु पूनता गनाका लाधग सामाजिक
वातावरणसँग आफ
ू लाई समायोजित गनुा ।
10. सामाजिक व्यवहारसँग स्वजन्ित सामाजिक प्रक्रियाहरूुः
परसंस्कृ नत ग्रहण – मौसलक सामाजिक ढाँचा बदसलने ।
आत्ममसात ् - मौसलक सामाजिक वविेर्ताहरु हराउने ।
एकता – सुमिुर सामाजिक स्बन्िको स्थापना ।
स्झौता – हठहरु त्मयागेर सामाजिक व्यवस्था स्थावपत ।
प्रनतस्पिाा – माननस र समुदायको क्षमता ववकास हुने ।
सहकाया – साझा आवचयकताहरुको पूनता ।
द्वन्द्व – अजस्थरताको कारण सामाजिक व्यवस्थामा आँच
अनुक
ू लन – नयाँ समािमा िुलसमल हुने ।
मानविास्त्रीहरुका ववचारमा संस्कृ नत भनेको समािका
सदस्यहरु बीच रहेको साझा सामाजिक व्यवहारहरुको
समग्र स्वरुप ।