Sterilization of women in California prisons without proper consent revealed by audit. One third of 144 inmates who underwent bilateral tubal ligations from 2005-2013 did not lawfully consent. In 27 cases, required consent forms indicating patient understanding were not signed by physicians. California law requires 30-180 day waiting period between consenting and procedure, but this was not followed in 18 cases. More than 60% of prison population are now racial/ethnic minorities.