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Snapshot: Accounting for the impairment
of goodwill and other long-lived assets
December 2012
Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and other long-lived
assets is complex because there are different models depending
on the type of asset involved. Each model uses a different unit
of account and each has a different impairment recognition
threshold. The frequency with which impairment must be
assessed and the basis used to measure an impairment charge
varies
across some of these models. To help with this complexity, we
have prepared a snapshot of the relevant accounting guidance in
the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting
Standards Codification (ASC). Additional explanations for
certain
concepts in the snapshot are provided in the numbered notes
that follow it.
Indefinite-lived
intangible assets
Long-lived assets to be
held and used1
Goodwill
Long-lived assets to be
disposed of by sale
Codification topic ASC 350 ASC 360 ASC 350 ASC 360
Frequency Annual test is required,
and interim test is
necessary if triggers
are present
Test is required only if
triggers are present
Annual test is required,
and interim test is
necessary if triggers
are present
Test is required if held-for-
sale criteria are met
Unit of account In general,
individual asset 2
Asset group 3 Reporting unit 4 Individual asset to be
disposed of or a group
of assets to be disposed
of (i.e., disposal group)
Evaluated for
impairment before unit
of account
Not applicable Indefinite-lived
intangible assets and
other assets within the
asset group 5
Indefinite-lived
intangible assets,
long-lived assets to
be held and used and
other assets within the
reporting unit 5
Indefinite-lived
intangible assets,
goodwill and other
assets within the
disposal group 5
Single- or
multi-step test
Single-step 6 Multi-step Multi-step Single-step
Impairment
recognition
When the carrying
amount is greater than
fair value 6
When the carrying
amount is greater than
both the undiscounted
cash flows (recoverability
test) and fair value 7,8
When the carrying
amount of the reporting
unit (unless the carrying
amount is zero or
negative) is greater than
its fair value (Step 1) and
the carrying amount of
goodwill is greater than
its implied fair value
(Step 2) 9-11
When the carrying
amount is greater
than fair value less
costs to sell
Measurement The excess of the carrying
amount over fair value
The excess of the carrying
amount over fair value 8,12
The excess of the carrying
amount of goodwill over
its implied fair value 10
The excess of the
carrying amount
over fair value less
costs to sell
Assurance
Services
1. The types of assets covered by the caption “long-lived
assets to be held and used” include those long-lived assets
within the scope of ASC 360-10-15, such as property, plant
and equipment, assets under capital leases, amortizable
intangible assets, internal use software and long-term
prepaid assets.
2. In rare cases, the unit of account may be a combined group
of separately-recorded indefinite-lived intangible assets
that are essentially inseparable from one another.
3. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines an asset
group as “the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows
are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups
of assets and liabilities.” An asset group almost always
includes multiple assets. In other words, an asset group is
rarely a single asset.
4. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines a reporting
unit as “an operating segment or one level below an
operating segment (also known as a component)” (see
Note 13 for additional information). A reporting unit is not
the same as a reportable segment.
5. Other assets for this purpose might include accounts
receivable, inventory and equity-method investments.
6. FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2012-02,
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, was
issued in July 2012 and is effective for annual and interim
impairment tests of indefinite-lived intangible assets
performed in fiscal years beginning after September
15, 2012. Prior to the effective date of ASU 2012-02, the
testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment
consists of a quantitative assessment of whether the
carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is
greater than its fair value. After the effective date of ASU
2012-02, an entity can choose whether to first perform a
qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not
(a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the indefinite-
lived intangible asset is impaired. Factors that should be
considered in performing the qualitative assessment are
included in ASC 350-30-35-18B (which was added by the
ASU). If the qualitative assessment shows that it is more
likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset
is impaired, then the quantitative assessment must be
performed. Otherwise, the indefinite-lived intangible asset
impairment test is complete. Early adoption of ASU 2012-02
is permitted in certain situations.
7. An entity should not skip or disregard the comparison of
the asset group’s carrying amount and undiscounted cash
flows (i.e., the recoverability test). In other words, an entity
should not recognize an impairment charge for the excess
of the asset group’s carrying amount over its fair value if it
passes the recoverability test (i.e., the asset group’s carrying
amount is less than its undiscounted cash flows).
8. An asset group’s undiscounted cash flows and fair value will
be different amounts. Undiscounted cash flows do not take
the time value of money into consideration, whereas fair
value does take the time value of money into consideration.
In addition, undiscounted cash flows are estimated using
an entity-specific perspective while fair value is estimated
using a market-participant perspective.
9. An entity can choose whether to first perform a qualitative
assessment of whether it is more likely than not (a
likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value
of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the
qualitative assessment shows that it is more likely than not
that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying
amount, then the entity must perform a quantitative
assessment of whether the carrying amount of the
reporting unit is greater than its fair value. If the qualitative
assessment shows that it is not more likely than not that
the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying
amount, then the goodwill impairment test is complete.
10. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the
same manner as the amount of goodwill is determined
in the accounting for a business combination. An entity
measures the assets and liabilities in the reporting
unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as
if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business
combination, which results in the vast majority of the assets
and liabilities being measured at their fair values.
The excess, if any, of the fair value of a reporting unit
over the net sum of the fair values (and other measured
amounts) of the assets and liabilities in the reporting unit is
the implied fair value of goodwill.
11. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is zero or
negative, then an impairment charge is recognized when
a qualitative assessment results in an entity concluding it
is more-likely-than-not that a goodwill impairment exists
(Step 1) and when the carrying amount of goodwill is
greater than its implied fair value (Step 2).
12. The impairment charge is allocated to the long-lived assets
in the asset group on a pro rata basis using the relative
carrying amounts of the assets. However, if the fair value
of a long-lived asset is determinable without undue cost
and effort, the carrying amount of that asset should not be
reduced below its fair value. Any unallocated loss as a result
of this limitation should be allocated to the other long-
lived assets in the asset group on a pro rata basis using the
relative adjusted carrying amounts of those assets.
13. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines an
operating segment as “a component of a public entity”
and refers to FASB ASC 280-10-50 for additional guidance
on what constitutes an operating segment. While the
definition refers to a public entity, this guidance is equally
applicable to a private entity when identifying reporting
units for purposes of its goodwill impairment testing. Based
on the guidance in FASB ASC 280-10-50, an operating
segment is a component of a public entity if it possesses all
of the following characteristics: (a) it engages in business
activities from which it may earn revenue and incur
expenses (including those resulting from intercompany
transactions), (b) its operating results are regularly reviewed
by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions
about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess
its performance and (c) its discrete financial information
is available. An operating segment is not the same as a
reportable segment.
Once operating segments are determined, they become the
starting point for determining reporting units. A reporting
unit will either be the same as the operating segment or
one level below it (a component of an operating segment)
but can never be on a more consolidated basis than the
operating segment. A component of an operating segment
must meet all of the following criteria to be considered
a reporting unit: (a) it constitutes a business, (b) its
discrete financial information is available and (c) segment
management regularly reviews its operating results.
The following McGladrey materials relating to the concepts
discussed in this paper can be found at
www.mcgladrey.com/assurance/accounting-resources
or by clicking on the links below:
• Qualitative impairment assessment of indefinite-lived
intangible assets
• FASB issues final standard on qualitative goodwill
impairment assessment
• Assigning assets and liabilities that relate to multiple
reporting units when testing goodwill for impairment
• Determination of reporting units when testing goodwill
for impairment
• Impairment testing of long-lived assets classified as
held and used
• A guide to accounting for business combinations –
second edition
800.274.3978
www.mcgladrey.com
Snapshot: Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and other
long-lived
assets is provided as an information service by McGladrey and
results from
the efforts and ideas of various McGladrey professionals,
including members
of the National Professional Standards Group. The information
provided in
this publication should not be construed as accounting, auditing,
consulting
or legal advice on any specific facts or circumstances. The
contents are
intended for general information purposes only. You are urged
to consult
your McGladrey service provider concerning your situation and
any specific
questions you may have. You may also contact us toll-free at
800.274.3978 for
a contact person in your area.
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The member
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Experience the
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© December 2012 McGladrey LLP. All Rights Reserved.
http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Accounting-Resources
http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/Qualitative-
impairment-assessment-of-indefinite-lived-intangible-assets
http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/Qualitative-
impairment-assessment-of-indefinite-lived-intangible-assets
http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/FASB-Issues-Final-Standard-
on-Qualitative-Goodwill-Impairment-Assessment
http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/FASB-Issues-Final-Standard-
on-Qualitative-Goodwill-Impairment-Assessment
http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/assigning_assets_liabilities.pdf
http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/assigning_assets_liabilities.pdf
http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/determination_reporting_units.pdf
http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/determination_reporting_units.pdf
http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Impairment-Testing-of-Long-
Lived-Assets-Classified-as-Held-and-Used
http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Impairment-Testing-of-Long-
Lived-Assets-Classified-as-Held-and-Used
http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/A-Guide-to-
Accounting-for-Business-Combinations-Second-Edition
http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/A-Guide-to-
Accounting-for-Business-Combinations-Second-
EditionSL2219194-109575SL2193441-108762
September 23, 2011
Although the accounting literature for the impairment of long-
lived assets other than
goodwill has not significantly changed in many years, we
recently have encountered
practice issues in the application of this guidance. In particular,
issues have arisen in
the impairment testing of long-lived assets that are classified as
held and used, which
is a multi-step process that often can be complex.
Introduction
FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360,
Property, Plant and
Equipment, provides guidance for the impairment of long-lived
assets that are
classified as held and used. In particular, the relevant guidance
is included in the
“Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Asset” subsections of
ASC Subtopic 360-10.
This guidance requires the following multi-step approach to
impairment testing:
1. Consider whether indicators of impairment are present for the
asset group;
2. If indicators of impairment are present that indicate the
carrying amount of the
asset group may not be recoverable, determine whether the
carrying amount of
the asset group is recoverable, based on a comparison of the
total undiscounted
future cash flows from the asset group to the carrying amount of
the asset group;
and
3. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable,
an impairment loss
should be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount
of the asset
group over the fair value of the asset group.
This guidance is applicable to all long-lived assets subject to
amortization that are
classified as held and used, regardless of whether they are
tangible or intangible
assets. Assets that are subject to this guidance include property
and equipment;
assets acquired under capital leases; long-term prepaid assets;
and finite-lived
intangible assets. This paper is intended to address the guidance
for testing these
long-lived assets for impairment and certain issues that have
arisen in practice.
Impairment Testing of Long-Lived Assets
Classified as Held and Used
2
Asset Group Determination
An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets
classified as held and
used and therefore must be identified prior to the impairment
testing. As discussed
in ASC 360-10-35-23, an asset group is the grouping of assets
and liabilities that
represents the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are
largely independent of
the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the
lowest level of
identifiable cash flows depends on cash flows generated by
other assets, the asset
group should be established at a higher level. By its nature, the
determination of
asset groups is very judgmental and will depend on the specific
facts and
circumstances. The intent of this grouping of assets is for
testing to be performed at
a relatively low level of an entity. Some examples of common
asset groupings
include those assets that are part of an individual production
line, manufacturing
plant, or retail store. In certain limited situations, a long-lived
asset (such as a
corporate headquarters) may not have identifiable cash flows
that are largely
independent of the cash flows of any other asset groups, in
which case the asset
group for that long-lived asset would include all assets and
liabilities of the entity.
In most cases, an asset group will consist of assets in addition
to the long-lived
asset being evaluated for impairment. This is because most
long-lived assets do
not generate cash flows without other complementary assets.
Because the unit of
accounting for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment is
based on the
identifiable cash flows generated, any long-lived asset that does
not generate its
own cash flows cannot be considered the unit of accounting
(i.e., asset group) by
itself. For example, a customer relationship intangible asset
does not generate
cash flows without other assets, such as the finished goods
inventory that will be
sold to the customer, the equipment that will be used to
manufacture the raw
materials into finished goods, and working capital. This often is
misunderstood, and
entities may initially perform testing on the individual long-
lived asset rather than
the asset group. Generally, this is because entities determine the
fair value of an
individual long-lived asset in certain other circumstances, such
as when applying
the acquisition method in a business combination. Therefore,
they may incorrectly
believe the long-lived asset itself is the appropriate level for
impairment testing.
We also have seen circumstances in which entities had initially
determined asset
groups based on their operating segments or reporting units
used for goodwill
impairment testing. While these may be the same in some cases,
the determination
of asset groups must be made based on the definition of an asset
group rather than
an entity’s operating segments or reporting units.
Impairment Indicators
Long-lived assets only are required to be tested for impairment
if events or changes
in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset group
to which they
belong may not be recoverable. Existing information and
analyses developed for
management review of the entity’s operations often will include
the primary evidence
3
needed to determine when impairment potentially exists. As
discussed in ASC 360-
10-35-21, examples of these types of events or changes in
circumstances include the
following:
• A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset
group.
• A significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which
a long-lived asset
group is being used or in its physical condition. For example, a
restructuring that
results in a significant reduction in a plant's output.
• A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business
climate that could
affect the value of a long-lived asset group, including an
adverse action or
assessment by a regulator. For example, a new law that affects
the entity's
ability to utilize its facilities or sell its products, a significant
new competitor
entering the market, or certain assets becoming subject to
environmental clean-
up laws.
• An accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount
originally expected
for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset group.
For example,
significant cost overruns on the construction of a new plant.
• A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a
history of operating
or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates
continuing
losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset group.
• A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived
asset group will be
sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its
previously
estimated useful life.
These examples are not all-inclusive, and entities also should
evaluate whether other
events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could
indicate the carrying
amount of the asset group is not recoverable. For example,
events or changes in
circumstances such as evidence of a physical defect in a long-
lived asset included
within an asset group, impairment of other assets included
within an asset group,
major order cancellations or changes in the technological
environment also may be
indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment are
present that indicate the
carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable, an
entity must move on
to the next step of the test to determine whether the carrying
amount of the asset
group is recoverable.
Recoverability of the Carrying Amount of an Asset Group
The carrying amount of an asset group is considered recoverable
if the total
undiscounted future cash flows from the asset group are greater
than the carrying
amount of the asset group. The carrying amount of an asset
group should be
determined based on the aggregate of the carrying amounts of
the assets included in
the asset group. These carrying amounts (other than goodwill)
should be adjusted
based on other applicable GAAP prior to testing the asset group
for recoverability.
Goodwill would only be included in an asset group if the group
is or includes the
related reporting unit with goodwill. The carrying amount of
any goodwill included in
4
an asset group should not be adjusted for potential goodwill
impairment prior to
testing the asset group for recoverability. Furthermore, debt is
generally not included
in an asset group as the cash outflows for debt are generally
separately identifiable
from other cash flows.
As discussed in paragraphs 29 and 30 of ASC 360-10-35, the
total undiscounted
cash flows used to compare to the carrying amount of the asset
group should include
only the future cash flows that are directly associated with and
that are expected to
arise as a direct result of the use of the asset group and its
eventual disposition (i.e.,
future cash inflows expected to be generated by an asset group
less the future cash
outflows expected to be necessary to obtain those inflows).
These cash flow
estimates should exclude cash outflows for interest and
generally should be
determined on a pre-tax basis.
The assumptions used in developing these estimates must be
based on the entity’s
intended use of the asset group (i.e., entity-specific) and should
represent
management's best estimates of the future outcomes. If an
entity has a reasonable
basis to assume that prices or volumes will increase from
existing levels, it is
appropriate to include these increases in the cash flow
estimates. For example, if an
asset group includes a group of acquired customer relationships,
the estimated cash
flows should include both those from acquired customers as
well as new customers.
However, cash flow estimates should only include those
amounts that can be
generated based on the asset group’s existing potential or
capacity exclusive of
additional capital expenditures. As a result, any volume
increases an entity includes
in its estimated cash flows would be limited to those volumes
that can be produced
with the asset group’s existing potential or capacity.
Furthermore, cash flows for
items such as repairs and maintenance to maintain an asset
group’s existing
potential or capacity should be included as part of the asset
group’s cash outflows.
The estimates may be a point estimate of the most likely
outcome or a range of
possible outcomes. If a range of possible outcomes is used, the
probability of each
possible outcome should be considered. Furthermore, these
assumptions must be
reasonable as compared with the assumptions used in
developing other information
used by the entity for comparable periods, such as internal
budgets and projections,
accruals related to incentive compensation plans, or information
communicated to
others such as lenders, management, or the board of directors.
As discussed in paragraphs 31 and 32 of ASC 360-10-35, the
time period for
estimating cash flows from the use of an asset group generally
should be based on
the remaining useful life of the primary asset of the group to the
entity. The primary
asset of an asset group cannot be land or an intangible asset not
being amortized.
Factors that an entity generally should consider in determining
the primary asset of
an asset group include the following:
• Whether other assets of the group would have been acquired
by the entity
without the asset,
5
• The level of investment that would be required to replace the
asset, and
• The remaining useful life of the asset relative to other assets
of the group.
In addition to the estimated cash flows from the use of an asset
group during the
primary asset’s remaining useful life, the estimated cash flows
from the eventual
disposition of the asset group also must be considered. If the
primary asset is not the
asset of the group with the longest remaining useful life,
estimates of future cash
flows for the group should assume the sale of the group at the
end of the useful life of
the primary asset. Furthermore, if the asset group meets the
definition of a business,
the cash inflows from the sale of that business at the end of the
primary asset’s
useful life would need to be estimated. When estimating these
cash inflows certain
fair value principles may need to be considered, such as a
discounted cash flow
technique or other fair value techniques, adjusted to exclude
any growth beyond an
asset group’s existing potential or capacity as noted previously.
If the undiscounted cash flows from the use and disposition of
the asset group are
greater than its carrying amount, the asset group’s carrying
amount is considered
recoverable and therefore is not impaired. This is the case even
if the fair value of the
asset group, or the individual long-lived asset within the asset
group, is less than its
carrying amount, which often is misunderstood in practice.
While there would be no
impairment in these situations, consideration should be given to
adjusting the useful
lives of the long-lived assets for depreciation or amortization
purposes as
appropriate. If the undiscounted cash flows from the asset group
are less than its
carrying amount, the asset group is considered to be impaired
and the fair value of
the asset group must be determined in the next step of the
impairment test and
compared to its carrying amount to determine the impairment
loss.
Fair Value of an Asset Group
The fair value of an asset group must be determined based on
the guidance in ASC
Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which
states that fair value is
the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to
transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. As
discussed in ASC 360-10-35-36, an expected present value
technique often will be
used to estimate the fair value of an asset group. Because the
determination of fair
value is based on market participant assumptions, the estimated
cash flows used in
an expected present value technique may differ from those used
in the recoverability
test as those cash flows were determined using entity-specific
assumptions. This
potential difference in cash flows often can be overlooked.
Another issue that comes up in practice is that entities may
improperly determine the
fair value of an individual long-lived asset within an asset
group in this step of the
impairment test, rather than the fair value of the asset group as
a whole. This may
occur because entities often determine the fair value of an
individual long-lived asset
in certain other circumstances, such as when applying the
acquisition method in a
business combination, as noted previously.
6
If the fair value of the asset group is less than its carrying
amount, the excess of the
carrying amount above the fair value generally should be
recognized as an
impairment loss. The adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived
asset that is impaired
should be its new cost basis, which should be depreciated
(amortized) over the
remaining useful life of that asset.
Allocation of Impairment Loss
As discussed in ASC 360-10-35-28, any impairment loss for an
asset group should
reduce only the carrying amounts of the long-lived assets of the
asset group. The
loss should be allocated to the long-lived assets of the group on
a pro rata basis
using the relative carrying amounts of those assets, except that
the loss allocated to
an individual long-lived asset of the group should not reduce
the carrying amount of
that asset below its fair value whenever that fair value is
determinable without undue
cost and effort.
The following example from paragraphs 21 and 22 of ASC 360-
10-55 illustrates the
allocation of an impairment loss to the long-lived assets of an
asset group:
An entity owns a manufacturing facility that together with other
assets is tested for
recoverability as a group. In addition to long-lived assets
(Assets A-D), the asset
group includes inventory, which is reported at the lower of cost
or market, and other
current assets and liabilities that are not covered by ASC 360-
10. The $2.75 million
aggregate carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable
and exceeds its fair
value by $600,000. In accordance with ASC 360-10-35-28, the
impairment loss of
$600,000 would be allocated as shown below to the long-lived
assets of the group.
Asset Group
Carrying
Amount
(in $ 000s)
Pro Rata
Allocation
Factor
Allocation of
Impairment
(Loss)
(in $ 000s)
Adjusted
Carrying
Amount
(in $ 000s)
Current assets $ 400 - $ - $ 400
Liabilities
Long-lived assets
(150) - - (150)
Asset A 590 24% (144) 446
Asset B 780 31 (186) 594
Asset C 950 38 (228) 722
Asset D 180 7 (42) 138
Subtotal - long-
lived assets 2,500 100 (600) 1,900
Total $ 2,750 100% $ (600) $ 2,150
If the fair value of an individual long-lived asset of an asset
group is determinable
without undue cost and effort and exceeds the adjusted carrying
amount of that asset
after an impairment loss is allocated initially, the excess
impairment loss initially
allocated to that asset would be reallocated to the other long-
lived assets of the
7
group. For example, if the fair value of Asset C is $822,000, the
excess impairment
loss of $100,000 initially allocated to that asset (based on its
adjusted carrying
amount of $722,000) would be reallocated as shown below to
the other long-lived
assets of the group on a pro rata basis using the relative
adjusted carrying amounts
of those assets.
Long-Lived
Assets of
Asset Group
Adjusted
Carrying
Amount
(in $ 000s)
Pro Rata
Re-Allocation
Factor (%)
Reallocation of
Excess
Impairment
(Loss) (in $ 000s)
Adjusted Carrying
Amount After
Reallocation
(in $ 000s)
Asset A $ 446 38% $ (38) $ 408
Asset B 594 50 (50) 544
Asset D 138 12 (12) 126
Subtotal 1,178 100% (100) 1,078
Asset C 722 100 822
Total - long-
lived assets $ 1,900 $ - $ 1,900
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and RSM McGladrey, Inc. serve clients’
business needs. The two firms operate as separate legal entities
in an alternative practice structure.
McGladrey & Pullen is a licensed CPA firm providing assurance
services. RSM McGladrey provides tax
and consulting services.
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP and RSM McGladrey, Inc. are
members of the RSM International (“RSMI”)
network of independent accounting, tax and consulting firms.
The member firms of RSMI collaborate to
provide services to global clients, but are separate and distinct
legal entities which cannot obligate each
other. Each member firm is responsible only for its own acts
and omissions, and not those of any other
party.
McGladrey, the McGladrey signature, The McGladrey Classic
logo, The power of being understood, Power
comes from being understood and Experience the power of
being understood are trademarks of
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP and RSM McGladrey, Inc.
© 2011 McGladrey & Pullen, LLP. All Rights Reserved.
Your firm is Barrett & Blackstone LLP.
The following table presents management’s estimate of future
cash flows from each of the possible courses of action.
A. Continue operating the ship in the current area.
B. Operate the ship in a new pirate-free area.
C. Operate the ship in the current area through December 31,
2015 then turn the ship over to the lender (have the lender
foreclose on the ship).
Estimated Future Cash Inflows – Undiscounted
(in $ millions)
Option
Probability of Occurring
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total
Probability
Weighted
A
10%
$1.0
$.9
$.7
$.7
$.7
$4.0
B
20%
.6
.8
1.1
1.6
1.9
6.0
C
70%
$1.0
$3.0[footnoteRef:1] [1: Includes the ship’s FMV of $3 million
treated as forgiveness of debt associated with the foreclosure up
to FMV of the asset.]
$0
$0
$0
$4.0
Total

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Snapshot Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and othe.docx

  • 1. Snapshot: Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets December 2012 Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets is complex because there are different models depending on the type of asset involved. Each model uses a different unit of account and each has a different impairment recognition threshold. The frequency with which impairment must be assessed and the basis used to measure an impairment charge varies across some of these models. To help with this complexity, we have prepared a snapshot of the relevant accounting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). Additional explanations for certain concepts in the snapshot are provided in the numbered notes that follow it. Indefinite-lived intangible assets Long-lived assets to be held and used1 Goodwill
  • 2. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale Codification topic ASC 350 ASC 360 ASC 350 ASC 360 Frequency Annual test is required, and interim test is necessary if triggers are present Test is required only if triggers are present Annual test is required, and interim test is necessary if triggers are present Test is required if held-for- sale criteria are met Unit of account In general, individual asset 2 Asset group 3 Reporting unit 4 Individual asset to be disposed of or a group of assets to be disposed of (i.e., disposal group) Evaluated for impairment before unit of account Not applicable Indefinite-lived intangible assets and
  • 3. other assets within the asset group 5 Indefinite-lived intangible assets, long-lived assets to be held and used and other assets within the reporting unit 5 Indefinite-lived intangible assets, goodwill and other assets within the disposal group 5 Single- or multi-step test Single-step 6 Multi-step Multi-step Single-step Impairment recognition When the carrying amount is greater than fair value 6 When the carrying amount is greater than both the undiscounted cash flows (recoverability test) and fair value 7,8 When the carrying amount of the reporting
  • 4. unit (unless the carrying amount is zero or negative) is greater than its fair value (Step 1) and the carrying amount of goodwill is greater than its implied fair value (Step 2) 9-11 When the carrying amount is greater than fair value less costs to sell Measurement The excess of the carrying amount over fair value The excess of the carrying amount over fair value 8,12 The excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its implied fair value 10 The excess of the carrying amount over fair value less costs to sell Assurance Services 1. The types of assets covered by the caption “long-lived
  • 5. assets to be held and used” include those long-lived assets within the scope of ASC 360-10-15, such as property, plant and equipment, assets under capital leases, amortizable intangible assets, internal use software and long-term prepaid assets. 2. In rare cases, the unit of account may be a combined group of separately-recorded indefinite-lived intangible assets that are essentially inseparable from one another. 3. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines an asset group as “the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities.” An asset group almost always includes multiple assets. In other words, an asset group is rarely a single asset. 4. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines a reporting unit as “an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component)” (see Note 13 for additional information). A reporting unit is not
  • 6. the same as a reportable segment. 5. Other assets for this purpose might include accounts receivable, inventory and equity-method investments. 6. FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2012-02, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, was issued in July 2012 and is effective for annual and interim impairment tests of indefinite-lived intangible assets performed in fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Prior to the effective date of ASU 2012-02, the testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment consists of a quantitative assessment of whether the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its fair value. After the effective date of ASU 2012-02, an entity can choose whether to first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the indefinite- lived intangible asset is impaired. Factors that should be
  • 7. considered in performing the qualitative assessment are included in ASC 350-30-35-18B (which was added by the ASU). If the qualitative assessment shows that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the quantitative assessment must be performed. Otherwise, the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test is complete. Early adoption of ASU 2012-02 is permitted in certain situations. 7. An entity should not skip or disregard the comparison of the asset group’s carrying amount and undiscounted cash flows (i.e., the recoverability test). In other words, an entity should not recognize an impairment charge for the excess of the asset group’s carrying amount over its fair value if it passes the recoverability test (i.e., the asset group’s carrying amount is less than its undiscounted cash flows). 8. An asset group’s undiscounted cash flows and fair value will be different amounts. Undiscounted cash flows do not take the time value of money into consideration, whereas fair
  • 8. value does take the time value of money into consideration. In addition, undiscounted cash flows are estimated using an entity-specific perspective while fair value is estimated using a market-participant perspective. 9. An entity can choose whether to first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment shows that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the entity must perform a quantitative assessment of whether the carrying amount of the reporting unit is greater than its fair value. If the qualitative assessment shows that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the goodwill impairment test is complete. 10. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill is determined
  • 9. in the accounting for a business combination. An entity measures the assets and liabilities in the reporting unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination, which results in the vast majority of the assets and liabilities being measured at their fair values. The excess, if any, of the fair value of a reporting unit over the net sum of the fair values (and other measured amounts) of the assets and liabilities in the reporting unit is the implied fair value of goodwill. 11. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is zero or negative, then an impairment charge is recognized when a qualitative assessment results in an entity concluding it is more-likely-than-not that a goodwill impairment exists (Step 1) and when the carrying amount of goodwill is greater than its implied fair value (Step 2).
  • 10. 12. The impairment charge is allocated to the long-lived assets in the asset group on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of the assets. However, if the fair value of a long-lived asset is determinable without undue cost and effort, the carrying amount of that asset should not be reduced below its fair value. Any unallocated loss as a result of this limitation should be allocated to the other long- lived assets in the asset group on a pro rata basis using the relative adjusted carrying amounts of those assets. 13. The Master Glossary of the Codification defines an operating segment as “a component of a public entity” and refers to FASB ASC 280-10-50 for additional guidance on what constitutes an operating segment. While the definition refers to a public entity, this guidance is equally applicable to a private entity when identifying reporting units for purposes of its goodwill impairment testing. Based on the guidance in FASB ASC 280-10-50, an operating segment is a component of a public entity if it possesses all
  • 11. of the following characteristics: (a) it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses (including those resulting from intercompany transactions), (b) its operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and (c) its discrete financial information is available. An operating segment is not the same as a reportable segment. Once operating segments are determined, they become the starting point for determining reporting units. A reporting unit will either be the same as the operating segment or one level below it (a component of an operating segment) but can never be on a more consolidated basis than the operating segment. A component of an operating segment must meet all of the following criteria to be considered a reporting unit: (a) it constitutes a business, (b) its discrete financial information is available and (c) segment
  • 12. management regularly reviews its operating results. The following McGladrey materials relating to the concepts discussed in this paper can be found at www.mcgladrey.com/assurance/accounting-resources or by clicking on the links below: • Qualitative impairment assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets • FASB issues final standard on qualitative goodwill impairment assessment • Assigning assets and liabilities that relate to multiple reporting units when testing goodwill for impairment • Determination of reporting units when testing goodwill for impairment • Impairment testing of long-lived assets classified as held and used • A guide to accounting for business combinations – second edition 800.274.3978 www.mcgladrey.com
  • 13. Snapshot: Accounting for the impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets is provided as an information service by McGladrey and results from the efforts and ideas of various McGladrey professionals, including members of the National Professional Standards Group. The information provided in this publication should not be construed as accounting, auditing, consulting or legal advice on any specific facts or circumstances. The contents are intended for general information purposes only. You are urged to consult your McGladrey service provider concerning your situation and any specific questions you may have. You may also contact us toll-free at 800.274.3978 for a contact person in your area. McGladrey LLP is the U.S. member of the RSM International (“RSMI”) network of independent accounting, tax and consulting firms. The member firms of RSMI collaborate to provide services to global clients, but are separate and distinct legal entities which cannot obligate each other. Each member firm is responsible only for its own acts and omissions, and not those of any other party. McGladrey, the McGladrey signature, The McGladrey Classic logo, The power of being understood, Power comes from being understood and
  • 14. Experience the power of being understood are trademarks of McGladrey LLP. © December 2012 McGladrey LLP. All Rights Reserved. http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Accounting-Resources http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/Qualitative- impairment-assessment-of-indefinite-lived-intangible-assets http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/Qualitative- impairment-assessment-of-indefinite-lived-intangible-assets http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/FASB-Issues-Final-Standard- on-Qualitative-Goodwill-Impairment-Assessment http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/FASB-Issues-Final-Standard- on-Qualitative-Goodwill-Impairment-Assessment http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/assigning_assets_liabilities.pdf http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/assigning_assets_liabilities.pdf http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/determination_reporting_units.pdf http://mcgladrey.com/pdf/determination_reporting_units.pdf http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Impairment-Testing-of-Long- Lived-Assets-Classified-as-Held-and-Used http://mcgladrey.com/Assurance/Impairment-Testing-of-Long- Lived-Assets-Classified-as-Held-and-Used http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/A-Guide-to- Accounting-for-Business-Combinations-Second-Edition http://mcgladrey.com/Accounting-Publications/A-Guide-to- Accounting-for-Business-Combinations-Second- EditionSL2219194-109575SL2193441-108762
  • 15. September 23, 2011 Although the accounting literature for the impairment of long- lived assets other than goodwill has not significantly changed in many years, we recently have encountered practice issues in the application of this guidance. In particular, issues have arisen in the impairment testing of long-lived assets that are classified as held and used, which is a multi-step process that often can be complex. Introduction FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, provides guidance for the impairment of long-lived assets that are classified as held and used. In particular, the relevant guidance is included in the “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Asset” subsections of ASC Subtopic 360-10. This guidance requires the following multi-step approach to impairment testing: 1. Consider whether indicators of impairment are present for the asset group; 2. If indicators of impairment are present that indicate the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable, determine whether the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, based on a comparison of the total undiscounted future cash flows from the asset group to the carrying amount of the asset group;
  • 16. and 3. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss should be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset group over the fair value of the asset group. This guidance is applicable to all long-lived assets subject to amortization that are classified as held and used, regardless of whether they are tangible or intangible assets. Assets that are subject to this guidance include property and equipment; assets acquired under capital leases; long-term prepaid assets; and finite-lived intangible assets. This paper is intended to address the guidance for testing these long-lived assets for impairment and certain issues that have arisen in practice. Impairment Testing of Long-Lived Assets Classified as Held and Used 2 Asset Group Determination An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets classified as held and
  • 17. used and therefore must be identified prior to the impairment testing. As discussed in ASC 360-10-35-23, an asset group is the grouping of assets and liabilities that represents the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the lowest level of identifiable cash flows depends on cash flows generated by other assets, the asset group should be established at a higher level. By its nature, the determination of asset groups is very judgmental and will depend on the specific facts and circumstances. The intent of this grouping of assets is for testing to be performed at a relatively low level of an entity. Some examples of common asset groupings include those assets that are part of an individual production line, manufacturing plant, or retail store. In certain limited situations, a long-lived asset (such as a corporate headquarters) may not have identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of any other asset groups, in which case the asset group for that long-lived asset would include all assets and liabilities of the entity. In most cases, an asset group will consist of assets in addition to the long-lived asset being evaluated for impairment. This is because most long-lived assets do not generate cash flows without other complementary assets. Because the unit of accounting for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment is
  • 18. based on the identifiable cash flows generated, any long-lived asset that does not generate its own cash flows cannot be considered the unit of accounting (i.e., asset group) by itself. For example, a customer relationship intangible asset does not generate cash flows without other assets, such as the finished goods inventory that will be sold to the customer, the equipment that will be used to manufacture the raw materials into finished goods, and working capital. This often is misunderstood, and entities may initially perform testing on the individual long- lived asset rather than the asset group. Generally, this is because entities determine the fair value of an individual long-lived asset in certain other circumstances, such as when applying the acquisition method in a business combination. Therefore, they may incorrectly believe the long-lived asset itself is the appropriate level for impairment testing. We also have seen circumstances in which entities had initially determined asset groups based on their operating segments or reporting units used for goodwill impairment testing. While these may be the same in some cases, the determination of asset groups must be made based on the definition of an asset group rather than an entity’s operating segments or reporting units. Impairment Indicators Long-lived assets only are required to be tested for impairment
  • 19. if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset group to which they belong may not be recoverable. Existing information and analyses developed for management review of the entity’s operations often will include the primary evidence 3 needed to determine when impairment potentially exists. As discussed in ASC 360- 10-35-21, examples of these types of events or changes in circumstances include the following: • A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset group. • A significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset group is being used or in its physical condition. For example, a restructuring that results in a significant reduction in a plant's output. • A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset group, including an adverse action or
  • 20. assessment by a regulator. For example, a new law that affects the entity's ability to utilize its facilities or sell its products, a significant new competitor entering the market, or certain assets becoming subject to environmental clean- up laws. • An accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset group. For example, significant cost overruns on the construction of a new plant. • A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset group. • A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset group will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. These examples are not all-inclusive, and entities also should evaluate whether other events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable. For example, events or changes in circumstances such as evidence of a physical defect in a long- lived asset included within an asset group, impairment of other assets included within an asset group,
  • 21. major order cancellations or changes in the technological environment also may be indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment are present that indicate the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable, an entity must move on to the next step of the test to determine whether the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable. Recoverability of the Carrying Amount of an Asset Group The carrying amount of an asset group is considered recoverable if the total undiscounted future cash flows from the asset group are greater than the carrying amount of the asset group. The carrying amount of an asset group should be determined based on the aggregate of the carrying amounts of the assets included in the asset group. These carrying amounts (other than goodwill) should be adjusted based on other applicable GAAP prior to testing the asset group for recoverability. Goodwill would only be included in an asset group if the group is or includes the related reporting unit with goodwill. The carrying amount of any goodwill included in 4
  • 22. an asset group should not be adjusted for potential goodwill impairment prior to testing the asset group for recoverability. Furthermore, debt is generally not included in an asset group as the cash outflows for debt are generally separately identifiable from other cash flows. As discussed in paragraphs 29 and 30 of ASC 360-10-35, the total undiscounted cash flows used to compare to the carrying amount of the asset group should include only the future cash flows that are directly associated with and that are expected to arise as a direct result of the use of the asset group and its eventual disposition (i.e., future cash inflows expected to be generated by an asset group less the future cash outflows expected to be necessary to obtain those inflows). These cash flow estimates should exclude cash outflows for interest and generally should be determined on a pre-tax basis. The assumptions used in developing these estimates must be based on the entity’s intended use of the asset group (i.e., entity-specific) and should represent management's best estimates of the future outcomes. If an entity has a reasonable basis to assume that prices or volumes will increase from existing levels, it is appropriate to include these increases in the cash flow estimates. For example, if an asset group includes a group of acquired customer relationships,
  • 23. the estimated cash flows should include both those from acquired customers as well as new customers. However, cash flow estimates should only include those amounts that can be generated based on the asset group’s existing potential or capacity exclusive of additional capital expenditures. As a result, any volume increases an entity includes in its estimated cash flows would be limited to those volumes that can be produced with the asset group’s existing potential or capacity. Furthermore, cash flows for items such as repairs and maintenance to maintain an asset group’s existing potential or capacity should be included as part of the asset group’s cash outflows. The estimates may be a point estimate of the most likely outcome or a range of possible outcomes. If a range of possible outcomes is used, the probability of each possible outcome should be considered. Furthermore, these assumptions must be reasonable as compared with the assumptions used in developing other information used by the entity for comparable periods, such as internal budgets and projections, accruals related to incentive compensation plans, or information communicated to others such as lenders, management, or the board of directors. As discussed in paragraphs 31 and 32 of ASC 360-10-35, the time period for estimating cash flows from the use of an asset group generally should be based on
  • 24. the remaining useful life of the primary asset of the group to the entity. The primary asset of an asset group cannot be land or an intangible asset not being amortized. Factors that an entity generally should consider in determining the primary asset of an asset group include the following: • Whether other assets of the group would have been acquired by the entity without the asset, 5 • The level of investment that would be required to replace the asset, and • The remaining useful life of the asset relative to other assets of the group. In addition to the estimated cash flows from the use of an asset group during the primary asset’s remaining useful life, the estimated cash flows from the eventual disposition of the asset group also must be considered. If the primary asset is not the asset of the group with the longest remaining useful life, estimates of future cash flows for the group should assume the sale of the group at the
  • 25. end of the useful life of the primary asset. Furthermore, if the asset group meets the definition of a business, the cash inflows from the sale of that business at the end of the primary asset’s useful life would need to be estimated. When estimating these cash inflows certain fair value principles may need to be considered, such as a discounted cash flow technique or other fair value techniques, adjusted to exclude any growth beyond an asset group’s existing potential or capacity as noted previously. If the undiscounted cash flows from the use and disposition of the asset group are greater than its carrying amount, the asset group’s carrying amount is considered recoverable and therefore is not impaired. This is the case even if the fair value of the asset group, or the individual long-lived asset within the asset group, is less than its carrying amount, which often is misunderstood in practice. While there would be no impairment in these situations, consideration should be given to adjusting the useful lives of the long-lived assets for depreciation or amortization purposes as appropriate. If the undiscounted cash flows from the asset group are less than its carrying amount, the asset group is considered to be impaired and the fair value of the asset group must be determined in the next step of the impairment test and compared to its carrying amount to determine the impairment loss.
  • 26. Fair Value of an Asset Group The fair value of an asset group must be determined based on the guidance in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which states that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As discussed in ASC 360-10-35-36, an expected present value technique often will be used to estimate the fair value of an asset group. Because the determination of fair value is based on market participant assumptions, the estimated cash flows used in an expected present value technique may differ from those used in the recoverability test as those cash flows were determined using entity-specific assumptions. This potential difference in cash flows often can be overlooked. Another issue that comes up in practice is that entities may improperly determine the fair value of an individual long-lived asset within an asset group in this step of the impairment test, rather than the fair value of the asset group as a whole. This may occur because entities often determine the fair value of an individual long-lived asset in certain other circumstances, such as when applying the acquisition method in a business combination, as noted previously.
  • 27. 6 If the fair value of the asset group is less than its carrying amount, the excess of the carrying amount above the fair value generally should be recognized as an impairment loss. The adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset that is impaired should be its new cost basis, which should be depreciated (amortized) over the remaining useful life of that asset. Allocation of Impairment Loss As discussed in ASC 360-10-35-28, any impairment loss for an asset group should reduce only the carrying amounts of the long-lived assets of the asset group. The loss should be allocated to the long-lived assets of the group on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of those assets, except that the loss allocated to an individual long-lived asset of the group should not reduce the carrying amount of that asset below its fair value whenever that fair value is determinable without undue cost and effort. The following example from paragraphs 21 and 22 of ASC 360- 10-55 illustrates the allocation of an impairment loss to the long-lived assets of an asset group:
  • 28. An entity owns a manufacturing facility that together with other assets is tested for recoverability as a group. In addition to long-lived assets (Assets A-D), the asset group includes inventory, which is reported at the lower of cost or market, and other current assets and liabilities that are not covered by ASC 360- 10. The $2.75 million aggregate carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value by $600,000. In accordance with ASC 360-10-35-28, the impairment loss of $600,000 would be allocated as shown below to the long-lived assets of the group. Asset Group Carrying Amount (in $ 000s) Pro Rata Allocation Factor Allocation of Impairment (Loss) (in $ 000s) Adjusted Carrying Amount
  • 29. (in $ 000s) Current assets $ 400 - $ - $ 400 Liabilities Long-lived assets (150) - - (150) Asset A 590 24% (144) 446 Asset B 780 31 (186) 594 Asset C 950 38 (228) 722 Asset D 180 7 (42) 138 Subtotal - long- lived assets 2,500 100 (600) 1,900 Total $ 2,750 100% $ (600) $ 2,150 If the fair value of an individual long-lived asset of an asset group is determinable without undue cost and effort and exceeds the adjusted carrying amount of that asset after an impairment loss is allocated initially, the excess impairment loss initially allocated to that asset would be reallocated to the other long- lived assets of the 7
  • 30. group. For example, if the fair value of Asset C is $822,000, the excess impairment loss of $100,000 initially allocated to that asset (based on its adjusted carrying amount of $722,000) would be reallocated as shown below to the other long-lived assets of the group on a pro rata basis using the relative adjusted carrying amounts of those assets. Long-Lived Assets of Asset Group Adjusted Carrying Amount (in $ 000s) Pro Rata Re-Allocation Factor (%) Reallocation of Excess Impairment (Loss) (in $ 000s) Adjusted Carrying Amount After Reallocation (in $ 000s)
  • 31. Asset A $ 446 38% $ (38) $ 408 Asset B 594 50 (50) 544 Asset D 138 12 (12) 126 Subtotal 1,178 100% (100) 1,078 Asset C 722 100 822 Total - long- lived assets $ 1,900 $ - $ 1,900 888.214.1416 www.mcgladreypullen.com This is a publication of McGladrey & Pullen’s National Professional Standards Group and should not be construed as accounting, auditing, consulting, or legal advice on any specific circumstances or facts. The contents are intended for general information purposes only. You are urged to consult your McGladrey service provider concerning your situation and any specific questions you may have. McGladrey is the brand under which McGladrey & Pullen, LLP and RSM McGladrey, Inc. serve clients’ business needs. The two firms operate as separate legal entities in an alternative practice structure. McGladrey & Pullen is a licensed CPA firm providing assurance services. RSM McGladrey provides tax and consulting services.
  • 32. McGladrey & Pullen, LLP and RSM McGladrey, Inc. are members of the RSM International (“RSMI”) network of independent accounting, tax and consulting firms. The member firms of RSMI collaborate to provide services to global clients, but are separate and distinct legal entities which cannot obligate each other. Each member firm is responsible only for its own acts and omissions, and not those of any other party. McGladrey, the McGladrey signature, The McGladrey Classic logo, The power of being understood, Power comes from being understood and Experience the power of being understood are trademarks of McGladrey & Pullen, LLP and RSM McGladrey, Inc. © 2011 McGladrey & Pullen, LLP. All Rights Reserved. Your firm is Barrett & Blackstone LLP. The following table presents management’s estimate of future cash flows from each of the possible courses of action. A. Continue operating the ship in the current area. B. Operate the ship in a new pirate-free area. C. Operate the ship in the current area through December 31, 2015 then turn the ship over to the lender (have the lender foreclose on the ship). Estimated Future Cash Inflows – Undiscounted (in $ millions) Option Probability of Occurring 2016
  • 33. 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Probability Weighted A 10% $1.0 $.9 $.7 $.7 $.7 $4.0 B 20% .6 .8 1.1 1.6 1.9 6.0 C 70% $1.0 $3.0[footnoteRef:1] [1: Includes the ship’s FMV of $3 million treated as forgiveness of debt associated with the foreclosure up to FMV of the asset.] $0 $0 $0 $4.0
  • 34. Total