Nityanand Dhal of PRADAN - shares the potential of creating income streams through small livestock viz. goats, backyard poultry etc. PRADAN has extensive experience in having done this in rural and tribal India. This presentation shares experiences, lessons learnt, and prepares those who are evaluating this as a livelihoods opportunity.

1. Small Livestock -Big Opportunity
for Rural Poor and Women
(Experience of PRADAN)

2. PRADAN has been working
in the poorest districts of India
for the last 30 years.
Picture the Change | Change the Picture
1
Professionals with
head and heart are
the key drivers
Development needs more
human resource than material

3. PRADAN’s Outreach
Old districts in PRADAN’s outreach
Districts added to Outreach last year
150 Most Backward Districts as identified by the Planning
Commission, India under the Backward Regions Grant Fund
(BRGF)
India’s Poorest Areas PRADAN’s Areas Of Operations
40 out of 43 districts
PRADAN operates in are
identified as backward
under the BRGF
Conscious effort to work in the poorest areas of the
country – Eastern & Central tribal belt…
• 400 PRADAN professionals work with 2.5 million people across 7 poorest States
• 97% of these people belong to SC, ST and OBC

4. Immerse Team
within
Communities
Set up Self-Help
Groups
Design and Pilot
Livelihood &
women
empowerment
Solutions
Create Linkages for
Improved
Governance,
Women
empowerment,
Scale and
Sustainability
Withdraw once
Community is
Empowered and
Self-Sufficient
1
2
3
4
5
Enter an
endemic poor district
Ensure that communities can sustain
development and change independent of
PRADAN
PRADAN’s Approach
Picture the Change | Change the Picture
4
...through a patient approach that is sustainable, replicable and where the
poor themselves are the drivers of change

5. Some back ground
• Livelihoods strengthening efforts mostly do
not reach the poorer people:
– Economically poor-food insecure
– Socially disadvantaged-women, destitute, dalits
– Physically challenged- physically challenged, old
– Resource poor-e.g. landless
• Agriculture and livestock are integral to rural
farming system but Livestock unlike
agriculture gets low attention
Target was to develop a model to suit the poorest
section and can be rolled out in scale

6. Some realities
• Small livestock (Indigenous poultry bird and goats) keeping is an age
old practice by most rural women
• High significance for rural community: rituals, crisis management,
food & nutrition security, guest treatment etc.
• Often termed as ATM, Poor women’s cow etc.
• Frequent disease outbreak and very high mortality
• Low priority and capability of livestock department
• In spite of high mortality and high risk poorer families continue to
rear these livestock

7. Factor criticality analysis in small livestock rearing
Key Factors
Regular vaccination
De-worming
Proper night shelter
Feeding practices
Initial mother stock
Breeding
Medication service
Predation
Marketing
Caring practices
Insurance
Total
Current
situation
0
0
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
1
0
1
0
7 (22%)
Criticality
(1-5 scale)
5
3
3
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
2
32 (100%)
SGSY
focus
0
0
3
1
2.5
1.5
1
1
0
2
1
13 (41%)
Taking up
agriculture inside
a river

8. The Model
• Net annual income targeted at Rs 30-40,000
• The unit size: 4-5 hen units with flock size of 50-100
and 2-4 mother goats with herd size of 8-15
• Enough flexibility- easy to adopt by poorer families
• Building on existing stock, local breed- gradual
shifting to intensive level
• Primarily depends on available local resources for
feed and other requirements
• Low investment and low dependence on external
support

9. Promotion of small livestock together ?
• It is less attended by formal system
• They are often complementary
• Sustainability of service system-in small scale
• Rearing related know-how are mostly similar
• Most family keep those together in small scale
• Opportunity varies from area to area
• Significant income to the family

10. Factor criticality analysis in small livestock rearing
Key Factors
Regular vaccination
De-worming
Proper night shelter
Feeding practices
Initial mother stock
Breeding
Medication service
Predation
Marketing
Caring practices
Insurance
Total
Current
situation
0
0
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
1
0
1
0
7 (22%)
As per the model
Initial period Afterward
5 5
3 3
1.5 3
2 3
1 3
1.5 2
3 3
1.5 2
0 1
2.5 3
0 0
21 (66%) 28 (88%)
Criticality
(1-5 scale)
5
3
3
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
2
32 (100%)
SGSY
focus
0
0
3
1
2.5
1.5
1
1
0
2
1
13 (41%)

11. 5-Key interventions
• Regular de-worming and vaccination
• Supplementary feeding
• Improved shed
• Improved Breeding practices
• Basic care & hygiene

12. 1. Regular de-worming and
vaccination

13. Vaccination calendar

14. 2. Supplementary feeding

15. 3. Care & hygiene

16. 4. Improved shelter

17. 5. Improved breeding practices

18. 5. Improved breeding practices

19. Economics of BYP
1 hen – 4 month- 6-7 birds
1 hen- 1 year- 20 birds
4 hens- 1 year- 80 birds

20. Production and Return
80 birds @250 = Rs
20000
4 goats @ 5000 = Rs
20,000
4 hen and 2 mother goat
Annual
income- Rs
40,000

21. Impact assessment April’12 to April’13
(Covering 1213 families In Patna block, Keonjhar, Odisha)
Control village (One
village-98 families)
Treated village (8
villages-1115 families)
Average figures
(Per HH) Before After growth Before After growth
Poultry population 4.55 4.46 -2% 9.56 22.41 134%
Goat population 1.63 2.11 29% 2.94 5 70%
Chicks per hen 2.94 2.86 -3% 3.5 4.9 40%
Kids per doe 0.81 0.69 -15% 0.73 1.09 49%
Poultry bird
mortality(%) 65 23
Goat mortality(%) 20.6 6.3

22. Benefit realization in one year period
(Both poultry birds and goats) (Sample size 1115 families)
Average benefit realized Amount (Rs.)
Average Income realised from sale & consumption 5,324
Income equivalent of stock increase in poultry birds 1,542
Income equivalent of stock increase in goats 4,220
Total Average benefit realized 10,886

23. Spread
• PRADAN- 24 teams – About 50,000 families
• NRLM-various state missions- Jharkhand &
Odisha
• Many other NGOs have initiated this model

24. Key impact areas

25. 5-Key result areas
– Women Empowerment: cash in the hand of women
– Addresses Nutrition security of women and children
– Supports and fosters Children Education
– Significant annual income enhancement- Rs 25-40,000
– Suitability for Poorest of Poor : Anybody can do (ABCD)

26. Key approach
• The CAHW (Community animal health worker) are the key person
in this whole model
• Each village should have one CAHW to provide vaccination, de-
worming and primary health care services to the farmers
• One CAHW can provide services to about 100 to 200 families on
payment basis
• The SHG federation identify, train and support the CAHWs for the
quality delivery of the services
• The SHG federation will establish system for the smooth supply of
inputs like vaccines and ensuring cold chain
• Minimum unit-2/3 GPs, covering about 2000 families by about
10-15 CAHWs

27. Challenges
• Establishing cold chain in remote areas
• Access to quality vaccines
• Ensuring payment to service providers
• Restriction from department
• Establishing self sustaining model in places where
the scope for poultry birds is low
• Regularising vaccination process once the disease
is controlled

28. USP (Anybody can do- including the Poorest)
• Minimal investment both time and money
• Can be done along with existing engagements
• Can support most families in an area (inclusive)
• Less vulnerable to climate change & natural disasters
• Low dependence of external support-can be expanded
by community
• Highly replicable in different community and
topography
• Can be done in scale- carpeting activity