The document discusses issues related to responsible investment in water services. It notes that water scarcity is a growing global problem, with demand for water infrastructure investments expected to reach hundreds of billions annually. However, water utilities often lack transparency regarding their environmental, social, and governance performance. The document calls for water utilities to provide consistent, comparable data on key issues like water quality, sewage treatment, governance policies and impacts on local water resources to help facilitate responsible investment.
Municipalities today are constantly challenged while trying to improve the level of service to their citizens. In this session we will introduce the concept of Smart Water and show how we can lead the charge in providing value to citizens.
The document discusses the work of the Goldhirsh Foundation and LA2050 initiative. It summarizes several projects funded by the Foundation focused on sustainability and the environment, including supporting research on clean technology, implementing trash capture devices to improve water quality, and producing an annual report card on environmental quality in LA County. It also describes the LA2050 grants challenge that awarded $1 million to innovative projects, several of which related to the LA watershed. Moving forward, LA2050 will continue supporting the region through grantmaking, research, events and developing goals to monitor progress on key indicators like environmental quality.
The document discusses initiatives funded by the Goldhirsh Foundation to improve environmental sustainability in the Los Angeles region. It summarizes projects funded, including developing trash capture devices in Compton Creek to improve water quality, issuing an annual report card on environmental quality metrics, and grants awarded through the LA2050 initiative to support projects focused on sustainability and the LA watershed. The foundation's role is to support the region's health and monitor progress on key indicators through research, reporting, events and grantmaking.
1) Public supply is the second largest consumer of water in California. Public water supply systems provide water to communities for domestic, commercial, industrial, and public uses like pools and parks.
2) Public water supply systems are run by either government entities or private companies. They supply everyday water usage to people in counties and communities.
3) Water for public supply comes from sources like rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and is used by both humans and other species for survival.
The document discusses water supply in the Roman Republic. It notes that Rome was a big city that needed a steady supply of water. The Roman Republic obtained its water from springs in the mountains and used aqueducts to transport the water from the mountains down to the city. The water supplied public baths and was also used for drinking water.
The document discusses challenges facing growing urban populations, including providing energy, water, food and infrastructure. Currently, cities consume 75% of the world's energy and are responsible for 80% of carbon emissions. By 2050, 70% of people will live in cities. The document then highlights strategies various cities have implemented to address these challenges through programs like Melbourne's 1200 Buildings retrofit program, Detroit's Greening of Detroit urban agriculture initiative, and Southern California's Regional Transportation Plan. Coastal cities face additional resiliency issues due to risks from sea level rise and flooding. Some cities have implemented plans to enhance resiliency.
WATER_AND_SANITATION_FOR_THE_URBAN_POOR.pdfJames Juma
- Rapid urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia has the potential to lift millions out of poverty if managed well, but clean water and sanitation are lacking in many emerging urban settlements.
- Utilities are often seen as unable to serve the poorest, but WSUP believes utilities can deliver services to all with the right support, such as dedicated teams for low-income communities.
- Five myths are stopping progress on universal access to water and sanitation: utilities cannot serve the poor, water should be free, communities should manage their own services, only household facilities matter, and toilets alone will solve sanitation issues.
The document discusses issues related to responsible investment in water services. It notes that water scarcity is a growing global problem, with demand for water infrastructure investments expected to reach hundreds of billions annually. However, water utilities often lack transparency regarding their environmental, social, and governance performance. The document calls for water utilities to provide consistent, comparable data on key issues like water quality, sewage treatment, governance policies and impacts on local water resources to help facilitate responsible investment.
Municipalities today are constantly challenged while trying to improve the level of service to their citizens. In this session we will introduce the concept of Smart Water and show how we can lead the charge in providing value to citizens.
The document discusses the work of the Goldhirsh Foundation and LA2050 initiative. It summarizes several projects funded by the Foundation focused on sustainability and the environment, including supporting research on clean technology, implementing trash capture devices to improve water quality, and producing an annual report card on environmental quality in LA County. It also describes the LA2050 grants challenge that awarded $1 million to innovative projects, several of which related to the LA watershed. Moving forward, LA2050 will continue supporting the region through grantmaking, research, events and developing goals to monitor progress on key indicators like environmental quality.
The document discusses initiatives funded by the Goldhirsh Foundation to improve environmental sustainability in the Los Angeles region. It summarizes projects funded, including developing trash capture devices in Compton Creek to improve water quality, issuing an annual report card on environmental quality metrics, and grants awarded through the LA2050 initiative to support projects focused on sustainability and the LA watershed. The foundation's role is to support the region's health and monitor progress on key indicators through research, reporting, events and grantmaking.
1) Public supply is the second largest consumer of water in California. Public water supply systems provide water to communities for domestic, commercial, industrial, and public uses like pools and parks.
2) Public water supply systems are run by either government entities or private companies. They supply everyday water usage to people in counties and communities.
3) Water for public supply comes from sources like rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and is used by both humans and other species for survival.
The document discusses water supply in the Roman Republic. It notes that Rome was a big city that needed a steady supply of water. The Roman Republic obtained its water from springs in the mountains and used aqueducts to transport the water from the mountains down to the city. The water supplied public baths and was also used for drinking water.
The document discusses challenges facing growing urban populations, including providing energy, water, food and infrastructure. Currently, cities consume 75% of the world's energy and are responsible for 80% of carbon emissions. By 2050, 70% of people will live in cities. The document then highlights strategies various cities have implemented to address these challenges through programs like Melbourne's 1200 Buildings retrofit program, Detroit's Greening of Detroit urban agriculture initiative, and Southern California's Regional Transportation Plan. Coastal cities face additional resiliency issues due to risks from sea level rise and flooding. Some cities have implemented plans to enhance resiliency.
WATER_AND_SANITATION_FOR_THE_URBAN_POOR.pdfJames Juma
- Rapid urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia has the potential to lift millions out of poverty if managed well, but clean water and sanitation are lacking in many emerging urban settlements.
- Utilities are often seen as unable to serve the poorest, but WSUP believes utilities can deliver services to all with the right support, such as dedicated teams for low-income communities.
- Five myths are stopping progress on universal access to water and sanitation: utilities cannot serve the poor, water should be free, communities should manage their own services, only household facilities matter, and toilets alone will solve sanitation issues.
Sakshi Saraf wrote a document about water recycling and utilization. The document provided details about the multi-step water recycling process, including primary treatment using physical processes to remove contaminants, secondary treatment using biological processes, and advanced treatment/disinfection using chemicals. It described how recycled water can be utilized for landscape irrigation, groundwater recharge, and streamflow augmentation. The document also discussed how hard water forms mineral deposits due to reactions between calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, and methods to remove these ions through lime-soda processing or household ion exchange systems.
The document provides an overview of the 2016 Orange County Infrastructure Report Card produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It discusses the importance of the report card in planning for the future and informing the public. Key points include that over 100 volunteers assessed 12 infrastructure categories and gave most a grade of C or D due to historical underfunding. The report highlights billions needed annually to address deficiencies. It emphasizes the importance of local funding and control to best maintain infrastructure.
The Hidden Danger of Failing Water InfrastructureDaniel Guest
America’s water infrastructure is in a state of crisis. Both our water and our wastewater pipeline systems are in disrepair. In fact, the American Society for Civil Engineers (“ASCE”), a preeminent, respected authority on structural systems reliability and maintenance management, grades the condition of today’s drinking water infrastructure a D. What is more, the ASCE also gives the score of D to our wastewater infrastructure. A “D” is not a good place to be.
Eco Green Group Utility Overview Presentation FINALTony Green
The document provides an overview of utilities and sustainability in California. It discusses how energy is produced, transmitted, and distributed across the state. Key points include: (1) electricity is generated from various sources like natural gas, hydro, and renewables; (2) transmission occurs through high voltage power lines; and (3) California has deregulated its electricity market and established the California Independent System Operator to oversee the wholesale power grid. The document also covers the renewable portfolio standard, smart meters, demand response programs, and emerging technologies that could shape the future grid.
Eco green group utility overview presentation finalTony Green
The document provides an overview of utilities and sustainability in California. It discusses how electricity is generated and transmitted, including the roles of peaker plants and renewable energy. It then explains how electricity is traded through deregulation and wholesale markets via the California Independent System Operator (CAISO). The document also outlines the different types of utilities in California, including investor owned, municipal, and cooperative utilities. It details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard and the role of smart meters in enabling demand response and a smarter grid. Finally, it speculates on emerging technologies that could shape the future electricity system.
This is Cat Tales, the e-newsletter of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, for January/February 2015. Included in this issue:
• ICLR releases new book: ‘Cities adapt to extreme rainfall: Celebrating local leadership’
• Intensity-Duration-Frequency under Climate Change Tool rollout
• U.S. establishes new federal flood risk management standard to account for climate risks
• New ICLR publication: Best practices guide: Management of inflow and infiltration (I&I) in new urban developments
This is Cat Tales, the e-newsletter of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, for January/February 2015. Included in this issue: ICLR releases new book: ‘Cities adapt to extreme rainfall: Celebrating local leadership’; Intensity-Duration-Frequency under Climate Change Tool rollout; U.S. establishes new federal flood risk management standard to account for climate risks; and, New ICLR publication: Best practices guide: Management of inflow and infiltration (I&I) in new urban developments.
Water scarcity and aging infrastructure are pressing issues facing the global water industry. Smart water networks that utilize sensors and data analytics can help utilities address these challenges by reducing water leakage by 5%, cutting capital expenditures by 15%, and saving up to $12.5 billion annually through lower operating costs. However, barriers like the lack of a strong business case and funding have prevented widespread adoption. Collaboration between utilities, technology providers, and regulators will be needed to transition networks to a smarter model.
This document presents a research project investigating how solar power can help reduce electricity theft in Brazilian favelas (slums). It provides background on the growth of favelas in Brazil and issues with lack of access to electricity and high rates of electricity theft. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role solar power technologies could play in tackling electricity theft and increasing energy access for favela residents. The document outlines the research questions, variables, and analytical framework using a Theory of Change approach. It will involve stakeholder analysis, evaluating solar technology options, and discussing recommendations based on the results.
LASaves is an online platform and text/email alert system designed to increase water conservation in Southern California through improved citizen awareness and engagement. It will provide consumers access to their water usage data compared to neighborhood averages and tips to reduce usage. The program aims to educate residents on the drought crisis and incentivize behavioral changes to save water and costs. A pilot with the San Gabriel Valley Water District will test using web/text tools to notify customers about exceeding usage thresholds. If successful, it could save millions of gallons of water and dollars while establishing a long-term conservation culture.
Colin Sabol's keynote delivered at WATEC 2013 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Focuses on the importance of making cities more resilient to flooding and drought. Also describes how Xylem is helping cities improve the efficiency of their water infrastructure.
Top of FormWater & Sewer Utilities New!View More News & Soci.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
Water & Sewer Utilities
New!
View More News & Social
NAICS CODES: 2213
SIC CODES: 4941, 4952
PROFILE OVERVIEW | FULL PROFILE
11.23.2015
Industry Overview
Companies in this industry operate water treatment and water supply systems; sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities; and steam and air-conditioning supply systems. Major companies include American Water Works, Aqua America, and California Water Service (all based in the US), along with France-based global giants SUEZ Environnement and Veolia Environnement, Brazil's SABESP, and the UK's Severn Trent.
The size of the global water utility market is estimated to be $185 billion, according to S-Network Global Water Indexes. Private-sector operators make up about 20% of that market. Though public utilities dominate, competition among private water management companies takes place in major markets in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America.
The US commercial water and sewer utilities industry includes about 4,900 establishments (single-location companies and units of multi-location companies) with combined annual revenue of about $13 billion. The commercial industry is small compared to the water and sewer services operated by many regional and local governments in the US. Government-owned water and sewer utility services earn about $120 billion annually.
Competitive Landscape
Demand depends on commercial and residential water needs, which are related to population growth and to the level of economic activity. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficiency of operations, because prices are fixed by public utility commissions (PUCs). Large companies have economies of scale in operations and the ability to raise capital for infrastructure improvements. Small companies can compete successfully through superior engineering or by serving desirable local markets. The US industry is concentrated: the 50 largest companies account for about 75% of industry revenue.
High barriers to entry, such as capital investments, make the industry somewhat resistant to competition; many companies operate as de facto monopolies.
Products, Operations & Technology
Revenue by Service - US Census Bureau
Water services account for about 70% of industry revenue, sewer services for about 15%. Steam supply, irrigation and other services account for the rest.
The operations of small or large water and sewer systems and commercial or municipal utilities are similar. Water and sewer operations are local monopolies, mainly because of the large infrastructure of reservoirs, pipes, and treatment facilities needed. Competition exists only in determining who operates a system. Commercial companies may own a local system, or operate a system on behalf of a local government ("contract operations"), or may own parts of a system, such as water wells or a reservoir.
A water system consists of a water source, a system of storage reservoirs and pumping stations, a water treatment facility, and a ...
One of the miracles of the modern era is the reliability of the modern grid. An understanding of how a utility operates will not only allow a better understanding of how the electricity we use daily is generated and transported to our homes and businesses but will provide insight into how alternative technologies such as smart grid and demand response will change the way we think of power generation, transmission, and distribution
9/8 THUR 12:15 | Keynote Ellen Dunham-JonesAPA Florida
U.S. home prices have dropped 33% since 2006, with 28% of homes underwater. Many shopping malls and strip malls are vacant or struggling. However, Florida continues approving over 2500 amendments for future development. Retrofitting existing developments is proposed as an alternative to perpetuating sprawl. Strategies include redevelopment, reinhabitation, re-greening, and removing obstacles to retrofitting. Examples demonstrate transforming malls, offices, and strips into walkable mixed-use areas with housing, parks, and transit. Further policies, tools, and research can advance the retrofitting of suburban areas.
Public and “Social-Public” Alternatives to Commercial Models of Water DeliveryTIERRA
This document summarizes alternatives to privatized water delivery models in Latin America based on a literature review and interviews. It finds that public water utilities remain common but face pressure to corporatize. Emerging alternatives discussed include public-public partnerships between utilities, greater civil society participation in large urban utilities, community-run water cooperatives and systems, and small-scale systems run by peri-urban communities where states have not provided water access. Challenges include balancing social and economic goals, and ensuring alternatives are financially sustainable rather than temporary solutions.
Water supply systems provide water by treating and distributing it through pipes. They are managed by public utilities, private companies, or community groups. This document discusses factors related to water supply systems including access, technical aspects, quality of service, institutional governance, costs, and health impacts. It notes that about 85% of people have access to improved water sources but intermittent supply and poor quality are issues, especially in developing countries.
The document discusses issues with the proposed California WaterFix system to build two new tunnels from the Sacramento River to pumping plants in the Delta. It argues that the project would be economically unreasonable and environmentally damaging, as it would negatively impact fisheries, ocean outflows, and potentially increase sea levels from shifting river flows. Instead, it recommends focusing investments on improving current Delta levees and fish screens to preserve marine life while also being safer and more reliable.
This document discusses water conservation in Europe and proposes "Toilonomics", the study of efficient water usage in toilets. It notes that nearly 25% of public water is used in toilets, with potential wastage. The author proposes an electronic bidet product that could cut toilet water usage in half, saving billions of gallons of water annually. This innovation aims to reduce public water spending while increasing renewable energy from hydropower. A new water efficiency standard and labeling system is recommended to increase awareness and adoption of water-saving technologies.
Sakshi Saraf wrote a document about water recycling and utilization. The document provided details about the multi-step water recycling process, including primary treatment using physical processes to remove contaminants, secondary treatment using biological processes, and advanced treatment/disinfection using chemicals. It described how recycled water can be utilized for landscape irrigation, groundwater recharge, and streamflow augmentation. The document also discussed how hard water forms mineral deposits due to reactions between calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, and methods to remove these ions through lime-soda processing or household ion exchange systems.
The document provides an overview of the 2016 Orange County Infrastructure Report Card produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It discusses the importance of the report card in planning for the future and informing the public. Key points include that over 100 volunteers assessed 12 infrastructure categories and gave most a grade of C or D due to historical underfunding. The report highlights billions needed annually to address deficiencies. It emphasizes the importance of local funding and control to best maintain infrastructure.
The Hidden Danger of Failing Water InfrastructureDaniel Guest
America’s water infrastructure is in a state of crisis. Both our water and our wastewater pipeline systems are in disrepair. In fact, the American Society for Civil Engineers (“ASCE”), a preeminent, respected authority on structural systems reliability and maintenance management, grades the condition of today’s drinking water infrastructure a D. What is more, the ASCE also gives the score of D to our wastewater infrastructure. A “D” is not a good place to be.
Eco Green Group Utility Overview Presentation FINALTony Green
The document provides an overview of utilities and sustainability in California. It discusses how energy is produced, transmitted, and distributed across the state. Key points include: (1) electricity is generated from various sources like natural gas, hydro, and renewables; (2) transmission occurs through high voltage power lines; and (3) California has deregulated its electricity market and established the California Independent System Operator to oversee the wholesale power grid. The document also covers the renewable portfolio standard, smart meters, demand response programs, and emerging technologies that could shape the future grid.
Eco green group utility overview presentation finalTony Green
The document provides an overview of utilities and sustainability in California. It discusses how electricity is generated and transmitted, including the roles of peaker plants and renewable energy. It then explains how electricity is traded through deregulation and wholesale markets via the California Independent System Operator (CAISO). The document also outlines the different types of utilities in California, including investor owned, municipal, and cooperative utilities. It details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard and the role of smart meters in enabling demand response and a smarter grid. Finally, it speculates on emerging technologies that could shape the future electricity system.
This is Cat Tales, the e-newsletter of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, for January/February 2015. Included in this issue:
• ICLR releases new book: ‘Cities adapt to extreme rainfall: Celebrating local leadership’
• Intensity-Duration-Frequency under Climate Change Tool rollout
• U.S. establishes new federal flood risk management standard to account for climate risks
• New ICLR publication: Best practices guide: Management of inflow and infiltration (I&I) in new urban developments
This is Cat Tales, the e-newsletter of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, for January/February 2015. Included in this issue: ICLR releases new book: ‘Cities adapt to extreme rainfall: Celebrating local leadership’; Intensity-Duration-Frequency under Climate Change Tool rollout; U.S. establishes new federal flood risk management standard to account for climate risks; and, New ICLR publication: Best practices guide: Management of inflow and infiltration (I&I) in new urban developments.
Water scarcity and aging infrastructure are pressing issues facing the global water industry. Smart water networks that utilize sensors and data analytics can help utilities address these challenges by reducing water leakage by 5%, cutting capital expenditures by 15%, and saving up to $12.5 billion annually through lower operating costs. However, barriers like the lack of a strong business case and funding have prevented widespread adoption. Collaboration between utilities, technology providers, and regulators will be needed to transition networks to a smarter model.
This document presents a research project investigating how solar power can help reduce electricity theft in Brazilian favelas (slums). It provides background on the growth of favelas in Brazil and issues with lack of access to electricity and high rates of electricity theft. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role solar power technologies could play in tackling electricity theft and increasing energy access for favela residents. The document outlines the research questions, variables, and analytical framework using a Theory of Change approach. It will involve stakeholder analysis, evaluating solar technology options, and discussing recommendations based on the results.
LASaves is an online platform and text/email alert system designed to increase water conservation in Southern California through improved citizen awareness and engagement. It will provide consumers access to their water usage data compared to neighborhood averages and tips to reduce usage. The program aims to educate residents on the drought crisis and incentivize behavioral changes to save water and costs. A pilot with the San Gabriel Valley Water District will test using web/text tools to notify customers about exceeding usage thresholds. If successful, it could save millions of gallons of water and dollars while establishing a long-term conservation culture.
Colin Sabol's keynote delivered at WATEC 2013 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Focuses on the importance of making cities more resilient to flooding and drought. Also describes how Xylem is helping cities improve the efficiency of their water infrastructure.
Top of FormWater & Sewer Utilities New!View More News & Soci.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
Water & Sewer Utilities
New!
View More News & Social
NAICS CODES: 2213
SIC CODES: 4941, 4952
PROFILE OVERVIEW | FULL PROFILE
11.23.2015
Industry Overview
Companies in this industry operate water treatment and water supply systems; sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities; and steam and air-conditioning supply systems. Major companies include American Water Works, Aqua America, and California Water Service (all based in the US), along with France-based global giants SUEZ Environnement and Veolia Environnement, Brazil's SABESP, and the UK's Severn Trent.
The size of the global water utility market is estimated to be $185 billion, according to S-Network Global Water Indexes. Private-sector operators make up about 20% of that market. Though public utilities dominate, competition among private water management companies takes place in major markets in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America.
The US commercial water and sewer utilities industry includes about 4,900 establishments (single-location companies and units of multi-location companies) with combined annual revenue of about $13 billion. The commercial industry is small compared to the water and sewer services operated by many regional and local governments in the US. Government-owned water and sewer utility services earn about $120 billion annually.
Competitive Landscape
Demand depends on commercial and residential water needs, which are related to population growth and to the level of economic activity. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficiency of operations, because prices are fixed by public utility commissions (PUCs). Large companies have economies of scale in operations and the ability to raise capital for infrastructure improvements. Small companies can compete successfully through superior engineering or by serving desirable local markets. The US industry is concentrated: the 50 largest companies account for about 75% of industry revenue.
High barriers to entry, such as capital investments, make the industry somewhat resistant to competition; many companies operate as de facto monopolies.
Products, Operations & Technology
Revenue by Service - US Census Bureau
Water services account for about 70% of industry revenue, sewer services for about 15%. Steam supply, irrigation and other services account for the rest.
The operations of small or large water and sewer systems and commercial or municipal utilities are similar. Water and sewer operations are local monopolies, mainly because of the large infrastructure of reservoirs, pipes, and treatment facilities needed. Competition exists only in determining who operates a system. Commercial companies may own a local system, or operate a system on behalf of a local government ("contract operations"), or may own parts of a system, such as water wells or a reservoir.
A water system consists of a water source, a system of storage reservoirs and pumping stations, a water treatment facility, and a ...
One of the miracles of the modern era is the reliability of the modern grid. An understanding of how a utility operates will not only allow a better understanding of how the electricity we use daily is generated and transported to our homes and businesses but will provide insight into how alternative technologies such as smart grid and demand response will change the way we think of power generation, transmission, and distribution
9/8 THUR 12:15 | Keynote Ellen Dunham-JonesAPA Florida
U.S. home prices have dropped 33% since 2006, with 28% of homes underwater. Many shopping malls and strip malls are vacant or struggling. However, Florida continues approving over 2500 amendments for future development. Retrofitting existing developments is proposed as an alternative to perpetuating sprawl. Strategies include redevelopment, reinhabitation, re-greening, and removing obstacles to retrofitting. Examples demonstrate transforming malls, offices, and strips into walkable mixed-use areas with housing, parks, and transit. Further policies, tools, and research can advance the retrofitting of suburban areas.
Public and “Social-Public” Alternatives to Commercial Models of Water DeliveryTIERRA
This document summarizes alternatives to privatized water delivery models in Latin America based on a literature review and interviews. It finds that public water utilities remain common but face pressure to corporatize. Emerging alternatives discussed include public-public partnerships between utilities, greater civil society participation in large urban utilities, community-run water cooperatives and systems, and small-scale systems run by peri-urban communities where states have not provided water access. Challenges include balancing social and economic goals, and ensuring alternatives are financially sustainable rather than temporary solutions.
Water supply systems provide water by treating and distributing it through pipes. They are managed by public utilities, private companies, or community groups. This document discusses factors related to water supply systems including access, technical aspects, quality of service, institutional governance, costs, and health impacts. It notes that about 85% of people have access to improved water sources but intermittent supply and poor quality are issues, especially in developing countries.
The document discusses issues with the proposed California WaterFix system to build two new tunnels from the Sacramento River to pumping plants in the Delta. It argues that the project would be economically unreasonable and environmentally damaging, as it would negatively impact fisheries, ocean outflows, and potentially increase sea levels from shifting river flows. Instead, it recommends focusing investments on improving current Delta levees and fish screens to preserve marine life while also being safer and more reliable.
This document discusses water conservation in Europe and proposes "Toilonomics", the study of efficient water usage in toilets. It notes that nearly 25% of public water is used in toilets, with potential wastage. The author proposes an electronic bidet product that could cut toilet water usage in half, saving billions of gallons of water annually. This innovation aims to reduce public water spending while increasing renewable energy from hydropower. A new water efficiency standard and labeling system is recommended to increase awareness and adoption of water-saving technologies.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
2. CONTENT
1. What is a
public service
2. Characteristics
3. Types of
Services
4. Public services
in America and
Europe
5. Electricity
Service
6. Water
Distribution
Service
5. Waste
Collection Service
3. What is a Public Service?
The public service is that provided by the State, either directly
or under its control and regulation. Thus, it seeks to ensure
the supply to the population of certain products considered
essential.
That is, services are considered public when the Government
provides them. This may be through state entities or
companies.
4. ● Its price is usually subsidized to ensure
that it is accessible to the population.
● Competition between Governments and
private bidders may or may not be
permitted.
● Its proper functioning should help
improve social welfare and equity among
citizens.
● It is financed with greater public debt or
directly with resources collected from
taxpayers.
Characteristics of the Public
Services
6. Examples of Public Services
Electricity
03
Garbage
Collection
01 Water
02
Transport
04
Health Care
05
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including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
PUBLIC SERVICES IN
AMERICA AND EUROPE
In America and Europe public services are required or
contemplated by the legislation of each State , in
which the activities and benefits permitted or obligatory
in a country are contemplated.
Public services are administered by the State through public
institutions created for such purposes, although they can
also fall to private companies, as long as they are subject
to the control, surveillance and supervision of the State,
and comply with current regulations and laws.
9. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
AMERICA
In America it is delivered to consumers through a complex
network. Electricity is generated at power plants and
moves through a complex system, sometimes called the
grid, of electricity substations, transformers, and power
lines that connect electricity producers and consumers.
EUROPE
In Europe you have the right to have your home connected to
the local electricity network and be supplied with
electricity. The connection is provided by the network
operator designated to operate the energy infrastructure
in your local area (each local network has only one
designated operator)
11. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
AMERICA
Eleven percent of Americans receive water from private (so-called
"investor-owned") utilities. In rural areas, cooperatives often
provide drinking water. Finally, over 13 million households are
served by their own wells. In urban and suburban areas, water
is distributed from the source through large underground
pipes, called water mains, under the streets.
EUROPE
IN OTHER HANDS, About 88.2 % of Europe's freshwater use
(drinking and other uses) comes from rivers and groundwater,
while the rest comes from Reservoirs (10.3 %) and Lakes (1,5 %),
which makes these sources extremely vulnerable to threats posed
by over-exploitation, pollution and climate change.
13. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
AMERICA
Most municipal solid wastes and hazardous wastes are
managed in land disposal units. In USA some cities, like
San Francisco and Seattle, are able to recycle more than
they send to landfills, but the majority of the U.S. sends
their trash to the dump.
EUROPE
The main methods of waste disposal across are landfill,
incineration and recycling. Few would argue against
recycling, but a fierce debate continues between landfill
and incineration.
15. Public services such as water,
electricity, and household garbage
collection in a populated center,
neighborhood, or city are necessary
for a healthy life, so it is a right that
citizens must have access to.