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Skeletal System PowerPoint (1).ppt science
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- 2. What are the5 What are the 5 Functions of the Functions of the Skeletal System? Skeletal System? 1. Movement: 1. Movement: Skeletal system Skeletal system provides points of provides points of attachment for muscles. attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on when the muscles pull on the bones. the bones. 2. Support: 2. Support: The backbone is The backbone is the main support center for the main support center for the upper body. It holds your the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your head up and protects your spinal cord. spinal cord. Muscle attached to bones!! Muscle attached to bones!!
- 3. What are the5 What are the 5 Functions of the Functions of the Skeletal System? Skeletal System? 3 3. . Protection: Protection: The bones of The bones of your skull protect your your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from your lungs and heart from injury. injury. 4. 4. Makes Blood: Makes Blood: Red and Red and white blood cells are white blood cells are formed by tissue called formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the marrow, which is in the center of the bone. center of the bone.
- 4. What are the5 What are the 5 Functions of the Functions of the Skeletal System Skeletal System? ? 5. 5. Storage: Storage: Bones store Bones store minerals, such as minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body for use by the body
- 5. What are theTwo What are the Two Major Skeletal System Major Skeletal System Parts? Parts? ► Axial Skeleton Axial Skeleton: The : The axial skeleton includes axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs the skull, spine, ribs and sternum. and sternum. ► Appendicular Appendicular Skeleton Skeleton: The : The appendicular skeleton appendicular skeleton includes the includes the appendages of the appendages of the body, which are the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. and legs.
- 6. What are the Whatare the Basic Bone Basic Bone Shapes? Shapes? ►Four basic bone shapes: Four basic bone shapes: 1. Long- arms, legs and 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers fingers 2. Short- wrist and ankles 2. Short- wrist and ankles 3. Flat- skull and sternum 3. Flat- skull and sternum 4. Irregular- spine 4. Irregular- spine
- 7. What is theStructure What is the Structure of Bone? of Bone? ► Typical Four Layers: Typical Four Layers: Periosteum: Covers Periosteum: Covers Bones Bones Compact Bone: Lies Compact Bone: Lies beneath the beneath the periosteum periosteum Spongy Bone: Lies Spongy Bone: Lies beneath the beneath the compact bone compact bone Bone Marrow: Fills Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps between the gaps between the spongy bone the spongy bone
- 8. What is the Whatis the Structure of Bone? Structure of Bone? Bones are complex Bones are complex living structures that living structures that undergo growth and undergo growth and development. development. A thin tough outer A thin tough outer membrane covers membrane covers the bone. the bone. Beneath the outer Beneath the outer membrane is a layer membrane is a layer of of compact bone compact bone (hard and dense, (hard and dense, but not solid – it is but not solid – it is filled with holes and filled with holes and has small canals for has small canals for blood vessels and blood vessels and nerves). nerves).
- 9. What is the Whatis the Structure of Structure of Bone? Bone? Inside the Inside the compact bone is compact bone is a layer of a layer of spongy spongy bone bone. . It has many small It has many small spaces, is light spaces, is light weight, but weight, but strong. strong. Spongy bone is Spongy bone is also found at the also found at the ends of bones. ends of bones.
- 10. What is the Whatis the Structure of Structure of Bone? Bone? In the spaces of many In the spaces of many bones there is a soft bones there is a soft connective tissue connective tissue called called marrow marrow. . Two types of Marrow: Two types of Marrow: ►Red Red ►Yellow Yellow Red Marrow Red Marrow produces most produces most of the body’s of the body’s blood cells. blood cells. Yellow Marrow Yellow Marrow stores fat that stores fat that can serve as an can serve as an energy reserve. energy reserve.
- 11. How Strong are HowStrong are Bones? Bones? The structure of The structure of bones make it bones make it both strong and both strong and light weight. light weight. 20 % of an adults 20 % of an adults body weight is body weight is bone. bone. Bone is made up Bone is made up of 2 minerals: of 2 minerals: ►Calcium Calcium ►Phosphorus Phosphorus
- 12. How Do Bones HowDo Bones Develop? Develop? As an infant, most of your As an infant, most of your skeleton is skeleton is cartilage cartilage. . Cartilage Cartilage is a strong is a strong flexible tissue. flexible tissue. Over time the cartilage is Over time the cartilage is replaced by solid bone, replaced by solid bone, usually complete by the usually complete by the time you stop growing. time you stop growing. Not all cartilage is Not all cartilage is replaced in adults. Many replaced in adults. Many joints contain cartilage, joints contain cartilage, protecting the ends of protecting the ends of bones (ears and the end bones (ears and the end of the nose is also of the nose is also cartilage) cartilage). .
- 13. Clavicle or Collarbone Clavicleor Collarbone ► The The clavicle clavicle, or collar , or collar bone, bone, holds the holds the shoulder joint away shoulder joint away from the rest of the from the rest of the upper body upper body and is only and is only as thick as your little as thick as your little finger. finger.
- 14. Scapula Scapula ► The The scapula scapulais located is located on the back side of the on the back side of the ribcage and helps ribcage and helps provide part of the provide part of the shoulder joint and shoulder joint and movement for the movement for the arms. arms.
- 15. Vertebral Column orSpinal Cord Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord 1) The 1) The cervical region cervical region (neck (neck bones) bones) 2) The 2) The thorasic region thorasic region (what the (what the ribs attach to) ribs attach to) 3) The 3) The lumbar region lumbar region (the lower (the lower part of the back) part of the back)
- 16. Coccyx and Sacrum Coccyxand Sacrum
- 17. Humerus (Upper ArmBone) Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
- 18. Radius and Ulna Radiusand Ulna ►Radius on Top Radius on Top ►Ulna on Bottom Ulna on Bottom
- 19. Carpals or (WristBones) Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
- 20. Metacarpals (Top ofHands) Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
- 21. Phalanges (Little Fingers) Phalanges(Little Fingers)
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- 25. Femur Femur (Largest Bone inthe Body) (Largest Bone in the Body)
- 26. The Tibia andFibula The Tibia and Fibula
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- 30. What are What are Joints? Joints? •A joint is a place where two bones come together. • Joints allow the bones to move in different ways. • Two types of joints: • Immovable • Movable
- 31. What are What are Immovable Immovable Joints? Joints? •A joint that allows little or no movement
- 32. What are What are MovableJoints? Movable Joints? • Most of the joint are movable joints. • Allow the body to move in a wide range of movements. • Bones in movable joints are held together by strong connective tissue called ligaments. • Four types of movable joints: • Hinge • Ball-and-socket • Pivot • Gliding
- 33. What is a Whatis a Ball-and- Ball-and- Socket Joint? Socket Joint? ► Round end of bone Round end of bone fitting snuggly within fitting snuggly within another bone. another bone. Ex. Shoulder and Ex. Shoulder and Hip Hip ► Allows the greatest Allows the greatest range of motion. range of motion. The ball-and-socket The ball-and-socket joint allows you to joint allows you to swing your arm swing your arm freely in a circle. freely in a circle.
- 34. What is a Whatis a Hinge Joint? Hinge Joint? ► Movement in one Movement in one direction like a door. direction like a door. Ex. Knee and Elbow Ex. Knee and Elbow ► Allows forward or Allows forward or backward motion. backward motion.
- 35. What is aPivot What is a Pivot Joint? Joint? ► Bone resting atop Bone resting atop another bone permitting another bone permitting free movement. free movement. Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles Ankles ► Allows one bone to Allows one bone to rotate around another. rotate around another. Allows you to turn your Allows you to turn your head head
- 36. What is aGliding What is a Gliding Joint? Joint? ►Allows one bone to Allows one bone to slide over another. slide over another. Ex. Knuckles, Ex. Knuckles, wrist wrist, , ankle ankle ►Allows your to Allows your to bend and flex as bend and flex as well as make well as make limited side to side limited side to side motions. motions.
- 37. What is a Whatis a Ligament? Ligament? ►Connects bone to Connects bone to bone. bone.
- 38. What is a Whatis a Tendon? Tendon? ► Attaches Attaches muscles to muscles to bones. bones.