The skeletal system consists of bones and cartilage that make up the endoskeletal framework of the human body. There are two main types of skeletons: exoskeletons, which are external structures that support and protect the body, and endoskeletons, which are internal structures composed of mineralized tissue. The human skeletal system contains 206 bones that make up the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and thorax, and the appendicular skeleton including the upper and lower limbs. The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals. Bones develop through two processes: intramembranous ossification which forms flat bones,

1. Skeletal System
अस्थि तंत्र
BY Prof. Nilachal

2. Bone (अस्थि)
• Bone, rigid body tissue consisting of cells embedded in an abundant
hard intercellular material. The two principal components of this
material, collagen and calcium phosphate, distinguish bone from such
other hard tissues as chitin, enamel, and shell. Bone tissue makes up
the individual bones of the human skeletal system and
the skeletons of other vertebrates.
• ढााँचा
• रक्षा

9. Types (प्रकार)
• Exo Skeletal (बाह्य)
• An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an
animal's body,
• Indo Skeletal (आंतररक)
• An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed
of mineralized tissue.

10. Exo Skeletal (बाह्य)

11. Endo Skeletal (आंतररक)

13. ?

14. Skeletal System
Skeletal
System
Bone + Cartilage

15. Skeleton
Skeleton
Axial
Appendicular

16. Axial Skeleton
(अक्षीय क
ं काल)
• Total= 80 Bones
• Skull (खोपडी)- 22
• Hyoid-1
• Auditory Ossicles-6
• Malieus
• Incus
• Stapes
• Vertebral Column
(मेरुदंड)-26
• Thorax (वक्ष)-25
• Sternum (उरो अस्थि-1)
• Ribs (पसली पपंजर-24)

24. Appendicular Skeleton
(उपांगीय क
ं काल)
• Total = 126
• Upper Limb - 60
• Lower Limb – 60
• Clavicle -2
• Scapula अंश मेखला - 2
• Pelvic श्रोणी मेखला (Hip) - 2

27. Functions of Skeletal system
1. Support (आकार और सहारा)
2. Movement (संचलन में सहायता)
3. Protection (आंतररक अंगों की सुरक्षा)
4. Production of Blood cells (रक्त कोशशकाओं का उत्पादन)
5. Storage of Minerals (खननजों का भंडारण)

30. Development of Bone Tissue (अस्थि रचना)
(Osteogenesis or Ossification)

31. • For flat bones.
• Starts from the
Mesenchymal cell

32. Intramembranous Ossification

34. Ossification at
12 Weeks

37. Stages of
Endochondral
Ossification

46. END.