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Sustainability issues relating to
technical solutions to
contaminated brownfield sites

Stephen J. Johnson
What is sustainability?


Rio Declaration 1992
 “Principle 3: The right to development must
be fulfilled so as to equitably meet
developmental and environmental needs of
present and future generations.”
 “Principle 15: … the precautionary principle
shall be widely applied …”
 “Principle 16: … the polluter should … bear
the cost of pollution.”
ENVIRONMENT

eco-efficiency.
shadow pricing
ecological tax

environmental literacy
environmental justice
inter-generational equity

SOCIETY

ECONOMY

social impacts
business ethics
human rights
stakeholders
UK legislation


Environment Protection Act 1990





Rio Declaration 1992
Environment Act 1995






Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) and Local
Authority Air Pollution Control (LAAPC) regimes

inserted a new Part IIA into the EPA

European Council Directive 96/61/EC on
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999
Contaminated Land Regulations (England) 2000
Brownfield



Land which has had a previous urban use
May be contaminated








Inert material (rubble)
Heavy metals
Acids/bases
BTEX/HC/PAH
Asbestos
Radioactivity
Biohazard
Managing brownfields
Source
Dig & dump
Incineration
Encapsulation
Immobilisation
MNA/MENA
Ex-situ
remediation
In-situ remediation

Pathway
Groundwater
management
Immobilisation
Active/passive barrier
MNA/MENA
Active remediation

Receptor
Evacuation
Immunisation
Is brownfield management in the
UK sustainable?



Past use – PROBABLY NOT
Remediation – MAYBE
 Remediation to a purpose
 Purpose may change in the future
 Validation of effectiveness
Measuring sustainability









Effectiveness of remediation
Prevention of further contamination
Time
Energy
Transport
Materials
Cost
Legal compliance

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Sustainability issues relating to technical solutions to contaminated brownfield sites

  • 1. Sustainability issues relating to technical solutions to contaminated brownfield sites Stephen J. Johnson
  • 2. What is sustainability?  Rio Declaration 1992  “Principle 3: The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations.”  “Principle 15: … the precautionary principle shall be widely applied …”  “Principle 16: … the polluter should … bear the cost of pollution.”
  • 3. ENVIRONMENT eco-efficiency. shadow pricing ecological tax environmental literacy environmental justice inter-generational equity SOCIETY ECONOMY social impacts business ethics human rights stakeholders
  • 4. UK legislation  Environment Protection Act 1990    Rio Declaration 1992 Environment Act 1995     Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) and Local Authority Air Pollution Control (LAAPC) regimes inserted a new Part IIA into the EPA European Council Directive 96/61/EC on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 Contaminated Land Regulations (England) 2000
  • 5. Brownfield   Land which has had a previous urban use May be contaminated        Inert material (rubble) Heavy metals Acids/bases BTEX/HC/PAH Asbestos Radioactivity Biohazard
  • 6. Managing brownfields Source Dig & dump Incineration Encapsulation Immobilisation MNA/MENA Ex-situ remediation In-situ remediation Pathway Groundwater management Immobilisation Active/passive barrier MNA/MENA Active remediation Receptor Evacuation Immunisation
  • 7. Is brownfield management in the UK sustainable?   Past use – PROBABLY NOT Remediation – MAYBE  Remediation to a purpose  Purpose may change in the future  Validation of effectiveness
  • 8. Measuring sustainability         Effectiveness of remediation Prevention of further contamination Time Energy Transport Materials Cost Legal compliance