![Pronunciation of the ending -ed in the Simple Past
In the Simple Past we add -ed to regular verbs. Be careful pronuncing the verbs:
1) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, ʃ , ʧ , s, θ]
-> speak [t].
The -e is silent. Example: I stop - I stopped [stɒ pt]
2) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ , ʤ , z, ð, l, m, n] or a
vowel
-> speak [d].
The -e is silent. Example: I clean - I cleaned [kli:nd]
3) verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or [d]
-> speak [ɪ d].
The -e changes to [ɪ ]. Example: I visit - I visited [vɪ zɪ tɪ d]
FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST
Form the Simple Past:
- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: use the 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs
Affirmative sentences:
Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs irregular verbs
I played football. I went to the supermarket.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Simple past
- 1. . Regular verbs infinitive + -ed Add -ed with regular verbs Sometimes there are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed. 1) consonant after short, stressed vowel at the end of the word Double the consonant. stop – stopped swap - swapped If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it: benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.) In British English we double one -l at the end of the word: travel - travelled 2) one -e at the end of the word add only d. love – loved save – saved 3) verbs ending in -y verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add -ed. Example: I play - he played verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' Then add -ed. Example: I hurry - he hurried
- 2. Pronunciation of the ending -ed in the Simple Past In the Simple Past we add -ed to regular verbs. Be careful pronuncing the verbs: 1) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, ʃ , ʧ , s, θ] -> speak [t]. The -e is silent. Example: I stop - I stopped [stɒ pt] 2) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ , ʤ , z, ð, l, m, n] or a vowel -> speak [d]. The -e is silent. Example: I clean - I cleaned [kli:nd] 3) verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or [d] -> speak [ɪ d]. The -e changes to [ɪ ]. Example: I visit - I visited [vɪ zɪ tɪ d] FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST Form the Simple Past: - with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed - with irregular verbs: use the 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs Affirmative sentences: Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregular verbs I played football. I went to the supermarket.
- 3. Negative sentences: Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregular verbs I did not play football. I did not go to the supermarket. NOTE: Short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Past are used quite often. regular verbs irregular verbs I didn't play football. I didn't go to the supermarket. Questions: Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregular verbs Did you play football? Did I go to the supermarket?
- 4. SIMPLE PAST - USE The Simple Past is used to talk about actions or situations in the past. It is also called Past Simple. Have a look at the following examples: 1) action started and finished in the past (single or repeated) I visited Berlin last week. Andrew watched TV yesterday. 2) series of completed actions in the past First I got up, then I had breakfast. SIMPLE PAST – TIME EXPRESSIONS These words tell you what tense you have to use. For the Simple Past these are expressions of time in the past. yesterday yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening/
- 5. last Sunday / last week / weekend/ month/ year/ a month ago / a year ago / three months ago / in 2002 Irregular verbs (most common) simple past burst burst burst infinitive past participle buy bought bought be was/were been catch caught caught I am I was I have been choose chose chosen he has he is he was come came come been we have cost cost cost we are we were been cut cut cut beat beat beaten deal dealt dealt become became become do did done begin began begun draw drew drawn bet* bet bet drink drank drunk blow blew blown drive drove driven break broke broken eat ate eaten bring brought brought fall fell fallen build built built feed fed fed
- 6. feel felt felt lend lent lent fight fought fought let let let find found found lie lay lain fly flew flown light* lit lit forget forgot forgotten lose lost lost freeze froze frozen make made made got, gotten mean meant meant get got (AE) meet met met give gave given pay paid paid go went gone put put put grow grew grown read read read hang hung hung ride rode ridden have had had ring rang rung hear heard heard rise rose risen hide hid hidden run ran run hit hit hit say said said hold held held see saw seen hurt hurt hurt sell sold sold keep kept kept send sent sent know knew known set set set lay laid laid shake shook shaken lead led led steal stole stolen leave left left
- 7. shine shone shone swim swam swum shoot shot shot swing swung swung show* showed shown take took taken shut shut shut teach taught taught sing sang sung tear tore torn sink sank sunk tell told told sit sat sat think thought thought sleep slept slept throw threw thrown slide slid slid understand understood understood speak spoke spoken wake* woke woken spend spent spent wear wore worn spring sprang sprung weave wove woven stand stood stood win won won stick stuck stuck write wrote written swear swore sworn sweep swept swept * regular form (+ -ed) also possible.