Crystalline silica is a common mineral found in many rocks, sands, and construction materials. Exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust particles through common workplace activities like cutting, drilling, and grinding can lead to serious lung diseases like silicosis. Silicosis is an irreversible lung disease caused by scar tissue forming in the lungs from long-term exposure to RCS dust. The current workplace exposure limit for RCS is 0.1 mg/m3 according to UK regulations. Dust control methods include suppression, collection, and containment to reduce levels of RCS dust workers are exposed to.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Nowadays by seeing the present scenario AIR is the essential element to live & Air Quality Index is a tool to distinguish the benefit of air quality. There are different methods to identify AQI, based on many impurities viz. PM2.5, PM10,CO were used to compare ambient air quality. By calculating AQI we define the quality level of air to be good, moderate, and hazardous as AQI is calculated by using the reference of "The United States Environmental Protection Agency" We are using thingspeak server to fetch the data into the cloud, so anyone can access the data in their respective location. We are not only focusing on stationary measurement but also on the real time value measurement of AQI. Which helps common people to access the Air Quality Index throughout the city and help them decide to stay in a cleaner air environment? Thus the foremost idea of AQI is to inform people about their air quality so they can step to defend their health.
A case study on Air Pollution in Cement IndustrySakib Shahriar
Air pollution is a major problem in Bangladesh. Cement industries are one of the most top contributors to GDP. They produce a lot of pollution in the environment. Local manufacturers do not maintain the requirement of the Department of Environment (DOE). This paper aims to study the pollution sources, emission inventory, emission monitoring, air pollution modeling, and pollution control equipment in the cement industry. Sample air pollution modeling is shown in AERMOD software. Finally, some recommendation was done in the paper.
A Case Study Report on Air Pollution in Cement Industry Sakib Shahriar
Air pollution is a major problem in Bangladesh. Cement industries are one of the most top contributors to GDP. They produce a lot of pollution in the environment. Local manufacturers do not maintain the requirement of the Department of Environment (DOE). This paper aims to study the pollution sources, emission inventory, emission monitoring, air pollution modeling, and pollution control equipment in the cement industry. Sample air pollution modeling is shown in AERMOD software. Finally, some recommendation was done in the paper.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28260.60804
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Nowadays by seeing the present scenario AIR is the essential element to live & Air Quality Index is a tool to distinguish the benefit of air quality. There are different methods to identify AQI, based on many impurities viz. PM2.5, PM10,CO were used to compare ambient air quality. By calculating AQI we define the quality level of air to be good, moderate, and hazardous as AQI is calculated by using the reference of "The United States Environmental Protection Agency" We are using thingspeak server to fetch the data into the cloud, so anyone can access the data in their respective location. We are not only focusing on stationary measurement but also on the real time value measurement of AQI. Which helps common people to access the Air Quality Index throughout the city and help them decide to stay in a cleaner air environment? Thus the foremost idea of AQI is to inform people about their air quality so they can step to defend their health.
A case study on Air Pollution in Cement IndustrySakib Shahriar
Air pollution is a major problem in Bangladesh. Cement industries are one of the most top contributors to GDP. They produce a lot of pollution in the environment. Local manufacturers do not maintain the requirement of the Department of Environment (DOE). This paper aims to study the pollution sources, emission inventory, emission monitoring, air pollution modeling, and pollution control equipment in the cement industry. Sample air pollution modeling is shown in AERMOD software. Finally, some recommendation was done in the paper.
A Case Study Report on Air Pollution in Cement Industry Sakib Shahriar
Air pollution is a major problem in Bangladesh. Cement industries are one of the most top contributors to GDP. They produce a lot of pollution in the environment. Local manufacturers do not maintain the requirement of the Department of Environment (DOE). This paper aims to study the pollution sources, emission inventory, emission monitoring, air pollution modeling, and pollution control equipment in the cement industry. Sample air pollution modeling is shown in AERMOD software. Finally, some recommendation was done in the paper.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28260.60804
Global Road Technology are silica dust control specialists servicing the mining, construction, renewables, quarrying and oil and gas industries. Dealing with silica dust at its source takes specific understanding of the particle size of silica dust in relation to the dust control product used. GRT has a range of different silica dust control products that can be utilized during activities such as drill and blast, tunneling, underground mining, stockpiling, transportation, haul roads, conveyor belt and transfer points amongst many other areas of application. Silica dust related terminology can be very confusing! There are must-know terms related to silica dust and these often find themselves being interchanged or misplaced in the thick of things.
Silica dust related terminology can be very confusing! There are must-know terms related to silica dust and these often find themselves being interchanged or misplaced in the thick of things.
What are the possible exposure sources?
Crystalline silica can be found in certain types of natural materials, such as:
• Sand
• Soil and rock
• Gravel
• Sandstone
• Slate
• Granite
• Clay
This lecture elucidates in detail the important occupational health diseases, the all-important concept of work absenteeism and, lastly, the prevention of occupational diseases.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Respirable Crystalline Silica
Crystalline silica is one of the most abundant minerals in the earths crust. There
are different crystalline forms of silica with the most common one being that of
quartz. Quartz is found in varying amounts in almost all types of rock, sands, clays,
shales and gravel. Sandstone is almost pure quartz whereas granite might contain
15-30% quartz.
Many common workplace activities such as cutting, drilling, grinding and polishing
produce fine dust containing respirable crystalline silica (RCS). The term
respirable means that the dust particles are small enough to enter the lungs when
they are inhaled. Your course tutor will play a video which shows how dust particles
adhere to the inner lining of the lungs, potentially causing long term damage.
3. Silicosis is a slow, progressive, irreversible disease that usually occurs many years
after initial exposure. The main symptom is breathlessness. In severe cases death can
ensue. Silicosis is diagnosed by chest X-Ray where the presence of rounded nodules of
scar tissue on the lungs is visible as white opacities. The highest risk of developing
silicosis is from exposure to dry, freshly fractured fine particles of RCS that are
generated during many common workplace tasks such as drilling, cutting, grinding,
polishing etc.
Health Hazards
False-colour x-ray of the chest area of a person suffering from
silicosis. Image sourced from Science Photo Library 2011
X-ray of the chest area of a person suffering from silicosis.
Image sourced from Science Photo Library 2011
4. People who experience
exceptionally high exposures
over a few months or years
can develop acute silicosis
which is a rapidly progressive
and often fatal condition.
Exposures of 1.5mgm³ on a
daily basis for a year or two
are sufficient to cause this
disease. Death can occur
within months of exposure.
Health Hazards
Excessive particle distribution due to ineffectual local exhaust
ventilation system
Heavy and prolonged exposure to RCS under the conditions that produce silicosis
can cause lung cancer. Another common illness is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD) which is an umbrella term that covers emphysema and chronic
bronchitis. It is characterised by impaired airflow within the lungs and is not fully
reversible. The symptoms are cough with phlegm, and/or wheezing and breathing
difficulties and can result in death.
Definitions taken from HSE Topic Inspection Pack 2006
5. Statistics
Typically each year, since 2003, between 10 and 30 deaths have been recorded
with silicosis being an underlying cause. Despite many of these deaths being
avoidable, companies continue to ignore relevant guidelines. In 2007 a large
quarrying company in England was fined over £15,000 for exposing its employees
to excessive levels of RCS.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1 2 3 4
Predicted risks of
developing silicosis
within 15 years following
exposure
15 years exposure to
respirable crystalline
silica (8 hour TWA)
mg.m3
Exposure
(mg.m³)
Risk (%)
0.02 0.25
0.04 0.5
0.1 2.5
0.3 20
Source: COSHH Regulations 2002 Consultative Document
6. Legislation
RCS is assigned a WEL of 0.1mg/m3 in Schedule 1 of the Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH). In addition to the need to
control substances according to good practice, it is a legal requirement that the
WEL should not be exceeded. A WEL is defined as the concentration of a
hazardous substance in the air that people breath, averaged over a specified
reference period referred to as a time-weighted average (TWA). Two periods are
used: long-term exposure limit (LTEL) (8 hours) and short-term exposure limit
(STEL) (15 minutes).
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Industrial Injury: Quarterly Incidence of
Pneumoconiosis Claims (UK)
Number of claims
Incidence of Pneumoconiosis Claims in UK sourced from DWP 2011
7. Protection Measures
Before you consider implementing any
measures to protect against inhalation of
RCS you should carry out an assessment of
potential exposure. The following should be
considered in your assessment:
Potential for exposure
Examination of existing controls
Effectiveness of existing controls
Existing engineering controls
Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment
Maintenance, examination and testing of
engineering controls
Monitoring
Health Surveillance
Information, instruction and training of
employees
Source: Control of Respirable Silica in Quarries HSE 2008
8. Dust Control
The focus on RCS should always be on elimination or substitution. Where this
is not possible we consider ways we can control the levels of RCS that
operatives are subjected to. The equipment and methods for dust control are
classified as:
Suppression – water, steam, mist or fog sprays
Collection – cyclones, scrubbers, bag fitters,
Containment – encapsulation
These control measures can be used either individually or collectively.
Suppression Collection Containment
9. PPE and RPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and
Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) should
be considered as a last resort when reducing
exposure to RCS. It should also however be
considered an essential aspect of protecting
operatives who are exposed to RCS on a daily
basis. Common forms of PPE and RPE are:
Overalls – washed daily to reduce build-up of
RCS
Respirators – half mask, disposable or full hood
10. Maintaining RPE
It is essential that RPE is maintained in accordance with manufacturers guidelines.
Failure to maintain RPE will result in ineffective protection levels. You should
therefore:
Replace filters regularly
Clean hoods/respirators with approved cleaning wipes daily
Ensure batteries for powered respirators are fully charged
Ensure proper face fitting is achieved following cleaning
Image showing collection of stone dust on respirator filter
11. Activity
Use the information in this presentation to answer the following questions:
1. What do the letters RCS represent?
2. Identify two health hazards associated with RCS
3. What is the current WEL for RCS?
4. Identify three methods of dust control
5. What do the letters COSHH represent?
6. What do the letter RPE represent?
7. What methods are used to cure silicosis?
12. Activity Answers
1. What do the letters RCS represent?
Respirable Crystalline Silica
2. Identify two health hazards associated with RCS
Silicosis, acute silicosis, lung cancer, COPD
3. What is the current WEL for RCS?
0.1mg/m³
4. Identify three methods of dust control
Suppression, collection, containment
5. What do the letters COSHH represent?
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
6. What do the letter RPE represent?
Respiratory Protective Equipment
7. What methods are used to cure silicosis?
There is no known cure for silicosis
13. References
HSC, (2006), Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as
amended 2005): Proposal for a Workplace Exposure Limit for Respirable
Crystalline Silica, HSC
HSE, (2010), Stone Dust and You, HSE
HSE, (2008), Control of respirable silica in quarries, HSE
HSE, (2006), Topic Inspection Pack: Inspection Intervention in the Stonemasonry
Industry, Stonemasons: Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS), Disease
Reduction Programme (DRP) Respiratory Disease Project, HSE
14. Further Reading
Further information on all forms of construction related dusts can be found on the
Health and Safety Executive’s (HSE) website at:
www.hse.gov.uk
15. Developed by The Stonemasonry Department
City of Glasgow College
2012