Antibiotics are natural or semi-synthetic substances that inhibit the growth of micro-organisms and their multiplication. Depending on its group, antibiotic may have bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. Thus antibiotics with bacteriostatic effect act by inhibiting the function of bacteria to multiply, yet not killing them. But bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria. In addition, there are also wide-spectrum antibiotics, in other words those that are effective against many micro-organisms; and narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which affect certain type of bacteria only.

1. SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS
Side effectsofantibiotics
Antibioticsare natural orsemi-syntheticsubstancesthatinhibitthe growthof micro-organismsandtheir
multiplication.Dependingonitsgroup,antibioticmayhave bacteriostatic orbactericidal effect.Thus
antibioticswithbacteriostaticeffectactbyinhibitingthe functionof bacteriatomultiply,yetnotkilling
them.But bactericidal antibioticskill the bacteria.Inaddition,there are alsowide-spectrumantibiotics,
inotherwords those thatare effectiveagainstmanymicro-organisms;andnarrow-spectrumantibiotics,
whichaffectcertaintype of bacteriaonly.
Each antibioticgroupischaracterizedbyitsownmechanismof action,sometimescausingside effects.
But it isnot that easyto predictthe occurrence of antibioticsside effects,becauseof individual reaction
of the patient’sbody.Probabilityof side effectsof antibioticsincreaseswiththe drugdose enhancement
and inmany waysdependsondurationuse of the drug.Patientmustnotifyhistherapist,if unwanted
side reactionsoccur.But usuallyside effectsof antibioticspassquicklywhenthe dose isreducedorthe
treatmentwithantibioticsisdiscontinued.
While takingantibiotics,patientmaynotice dysbacteriosisof the gastrointestinal tractas one of the side
effects.Dysbacteriosisarise due tothatantibioticsnotonlykill the pathogenicorganisms,butalsosome
goodbacteriain the intestines.Dysbacteriosissymptoms:diarrhea,flatulence,constipation. Alsothe
lack of vitaminKis consideredasdysbacteriosismanifestation.Lackof vitaminKcausesnasal bleeding,
gumsbleedingandbruisesinthe body.
As one of the side effectsof antibiotics,gastrointestinaldysbiosisoccurswithinseveral daysafter intake
of the firstdose of the drug. Sometimestorestore normal intestinal flora,pharmacotherapy(drug
therapy) isrequired.Thereforealongwithantibioticsorsoonaftertheiruse,patientshouldtake drugs
(Bifidobakterin,HilakForte,Linex) thatcontainstrainsof beneficial bacteria.Oftendysbiosisiscausedby
tetracyclines(Rifabutin,Vancomycin,Meropenem),cephalosporins(Zeftera,Ceftazidime,Claforan) and
aminoglycosides(Amikacin,Kanamycin,Brulamycin).
Because antibioticdrugsdestroynormal intestinal floraof the mucousmembranes,candidiasisoccur
afterthe use of these drugs.Candidiasisistypicallyafungal infectioninthe vaginaandmouthcavity.It
isknownthat candidiasispathogenisCandidafungi,resistanttomostof antibiotics.Normallybeneficial
bacteriainthe humanbodyinhibitthe growthof fungi.Butdue tothe impactof antibioticdrugs,
beneficial bacteriadie andsothe fungi startto multiplyactively.Inordertopreventorto cure
candidiasis,itisrecommendedtotake antifungal drugsalongwithantibiotics.Forexample such
antifungal drugsas:Fluconazole,ClotrimazoleandMiconazole.Note:anygroupof antibioticscan
provoke candidiasis.
Othercommonside effectsof antibioticsare:nausea,vomiting,diarrhea andconstipation.These
unwantedmanifestationsoccurbecause antibioticsirritatethe mucousmembrane of esophagus.In
orderto minimize the likelihoodof these side effectsof antibiotics,itisrecommendedtotake drugs
aftermeal.Foodprotectsthe mucosa fromdirectcontact withantibiotics.If patienthassevere nausea,

2. doctor shouldbetterprescribehiminjectionsinsteadof tablets.Antibioticinjectionsprovoke
gastrointestinal side effectsrarelythanthe tablets,since theyhave nodirectcontactwithgastric
mucosa.
However,antibioticsinformof injectionscancause local inflammations.Becauseof intramuscular
antibioticinjection,side effectsof antibioticsmayoccur,namely:infiltration(gelosis) orabscessonthe
place of injection.The intravenousantibioticinjectionmayprovoke phlebitis(inflammationof the vein
walls).
Antibioticsmaycause allergicreactions,manifestedasskinitching,rashanddermatitis.Insevere cases,
patientsuffersfromanaphylacticshock.Allergicreactions are provokedmostlybysuchantibioticsas:
penicillins(Augmentin,Bicillin-5,Extencilline)andcephalosporins(Cedax,Lorazidime,Claforan).If
patienthasallergytopenicillins,itmeansthatcephalosporinsshouldnotbe used.Instead,patients,
whohave hypersensitivitytoantibioticsof thisgroup,shouldtake macrolides(Wilprafen,Klacid,
Sumamed)
Seriousside effectsof antibioticsare nephroticandhepatotoxicreactions,manifestingasthe affected
tissuesof the liverandkidneys.Symptomsof nephroticreaction:backpain,thirstandproblematic
urination.Symptomsof hepatotoxicside effectsof antibiotics:darkurine,yellow skintone orwhite
feces.Nephroticandhepatotoxicreactionsappeardue tothe toxiceffectof the drugs.Large dosesof
antibiotics,aswell aspyelonephritis,glomerulonephritisandhepatitisincreasethe riskof impairedliver
and kidneys.Neproticandhepatotoxicside effectsare oftencausedbyaminoglycosides(Tobramycin,
Netilmicin,Selemycin);tetracyclines(Doxycycline,Metacycline,Tygacil);andTBdrugs (Protubutin,
Rifapex,Rifapentine).
Althoughsome certaingroupsof antibioticstendtocause side effectsmore oftenthanthe others,there
are some commonside effects.Forinstance,anyantibioticdrugsmaycause inhibitoryeffectonthe
immune system.Butlong-termuse of antibioticsorimpaireddosingcancause resistance of pathogenic
organismstothe drugs.
If you wantto buy drugsfor the treatmentof bacterial infectionswithoutaprescription,please
familiarizeyourself withside effectsof antibioticsbefore placingyourorder.Thusyoumayfindout the
informationonside effectsandpharmacologicalpropertiesof antibioticsbycontactingourpharmacist
online.Youcanorder antibioticsonline andaskyourquestionsatanytime convenient.
For more informationvisitusourwebsite:http://www.healthinfi.com