Most men consider care to prevent pregnancy feminine duty. And yet, to take active part in the defense of their partners from unintended pregnancy, men can and should. Here are some examples of all currently existing methods of male contraception. Let’s consider the most common and used methods of methods of birth control for men and check their efficacy profile.

1. BIRTH CONTROL FOR MEN
The Most CommonMethods ofBirth Control for Men
Most menconsidercare to preventpregnancyfeminineduty.Andyet,totake active partin the defense
of theirpartnersfromunintendedpregnancy,mencanandshould.Here are some examplesof all
currentlyexistingmethodsof male contraception.Let’sconsiderthe mostcommonandusedmethods
of methodsof birthcontrol formenand checktheirefficacyprofile.
The most popular ways of birth control for men:
Coitusinterruptus(pull outmethod,rejectedsexualintercourse)isone of the mostunreliablemethods
of birthcontrol formen.It is believedthatthe effectivenessof the methodislessthan70%, almost
everythirdact can be dangerousbecause asmall amountof spermcan be releasedatthe beginningof
sexual intercourse.Furthermore,sucha“protection”maycause sexual dysfunctioninbothpartners.
Advantages:
 doesnotrequire the use of tabletsor othermeans;
 free;
 not harmful toa body.
1. Artificiallyprolongedsexualact – alsorelatestomethodsunreliable.Of course,itprolongsthe
time of sexual pleasure partnersandusuallydoesnotleadtoejaculation,butcannot guarantee
security,since the spermreleasednotonlyduringorgasm, buttogetherwithalubricant.
Additionally,if thismethodisusedfrequently,itmaycause impotence andhealthproblemsin
men(elevatedbloodpressure andheadache).
2. Condomisone of the bestmethodsof birthcontrol for men.Moderntechnologyoffershigh-
strengthandultra-thinlatex condomsare of differentlengths,colorsandflavors.However,the
condommay burst,and itsuse requiresacertainskill.
Use a condomif you don’thave any barriermethodsof birthcontrol formen.Approximately56% of
menpreferitto condoms.Thisisthe most popularandeffective meansof contraceptionformen.
Today’sproductsare made fromlatex – tightspermsubstance.
Advantages of the method:
 highestefficiency(85-97%);
 protectsagainstHIV and othersexuallytransmittedinfections;
 ease of use and wide availabilityonthe market.
1. Preparationscontaining“androgensandanti-androgens”(large dosesof testosterone) that
cause azoospermia(spermdisappears)andtemporaryinfertility.Abuse of thesedrugscanbe
fraughtfor mendevelopmentof neoplasticprocessesinthe testes.

2. Withproperreception,efficiencyof thismethodof birthcontrol formenis100%. Currentdrugsinclude
hormonesdose 100 timessmallerthanthe firsthormonal drugs.
The drug for birthcontrol for menisextremelyeasytouse: one tabletprovidesthe necessarydose of
levonorgestrel,enoughtopreventpregnancyandmoderatelylow inordertopreventunintended
pregnancyforwomenthe gentlestway.The pillsare safe forthe female body,whichisconfirmedby
numerousclinical studiesworldwide.
1. Subcutaneousimplantformen.Thismethodof birthcontrol formeninvolve ampoules
containing“androgens”surgeonimplantedunderthe skin,where the resolve within2-4weeks.
Duringorgasm there isthrowna small amountof “neutralized” sperm.The effectlastsforkeeps
for 3-5 months.Sometimesthereare notverypleasantside effects(headaches,crampsgenitals,
etc).To continue developmentof improvedinjectable drugsuse 1shotin the arm, annuallyor
monthly.
The onlyadvantage of the implant isthat there is no needto take other preparations or use other
methodsof birth control for men.
1. Cyproterone acetate isthe drugbirthcontrol for menand onlyformen.Constantuse of this
drug leadstoa temporarysterilizationandreduce the numberof sperm.Afterdiscontinuation
of the pill,the volume of spermrecovered,butitisnot clearhow longthe man will be able to
fertilize.
2. Contraceptive tabletscontaining“estrogenandandrogen”cause anincrease insexual desire
and at the same time reduce the qualityof sperm.Youcan consume within1month,and then
for 3-4 monthsto take a break.Fortoo long use of the drug side effectsmayoccur:mental
disorders,decreasedtone andzestforlife.
3. Vasosection(spermectomy)isligationof the spermaticcord,which,if desired,youcanunleash.
Thisis the ideal methodof birthcontrol formenand forthe treatmentof impotence,prevention
of inflammatorychangesafterremoval of prostate tumors.
Advantages:
 Effectivenessof the method,more than99%;
 Notdifficultlovemakingdoesnotreduce sexual sensation;
 The methodisreliable andispermanent.The operationisperformedone time;
 The operationissimple,the mass(inthe UnitedStatesoperatedbyhalf amillionmenannually);
 There isno effectonlibido,erectionandorgasm(since testiclescontinue toproduce
testosterone).Hormonesare alsomaintained;
 It doesnotdecrease the amountof sperm(as spermoccupyonlyabout1% of the volume of
semen).
1. Vasectomyisthe mosthighlyeffectivemethodof birthcontrol formen.Thisoperationconsists
incuttingthe vasdeferens,inwhichthe semencomesfromboth testicles.Aboutamonthafter
herman becomesabsolutelyfruitless.Previously,the maindrawbackof vasectomywasthatthe

3. man wasdeprivedof the possibilitytoconceive achildfora lifetime.Atpresenta“reverse
vasectomy”whencrossedthe vasdeferensbackstapled,andthe managain becomescapable of
fertilization.The abilitytoconceiveachildisrecoveredin90% of cases.
Thissurgical operationfor30 minutes,duringwhichintersectsemenflows.Itdoesnotaffectthe
potencyandlibidoof men.2-3 monthsafterthe sterilizationrequirementforothercontraceptive
disappearscompletely.Efficiencyof thismethodof birthcontrol formenis upto 99%.
 highreliability;
 surgeryisdone onlyonce.
 disadvantages:
1. There isalso a still littleknown methodof birthcontrol formencalledasmale intrauterine
device (IUD).Itlookslike aminiature umbrella,isinsertedthroughthe headof the penisinthe
scrotum.At the endof the spiral isa gel havinga spermicidal effect.
 veryeffectiveatpreventingpregnancy;
 allowsfertilitytoreturnimmediatelyuponremoval;
 do notinterfere withsexual intercourse;
 a long-termoption;
 relativelyinexpensive.
Doctors are onthe cuspof launchingthe firstnew male contraceptive inmore thana century.Butrather
than a Big Pharmalab,the breakthroughisemergingfromauniversitystartupinthe heartof rural India.
Years of humantrialson the injectable,sperm-zappingproductare comingtoan end,and researchers
are preparingtosubmititfor regulatoryapproval.Resultssofarshow it’ssafe,effective andeasyto
use—butgaininglittle tractionwithdrugmakers.That’sfrustratingitsinventor,whosayshistechnique
couldplaya crucial role incondom-averse populations.
A newbirthcontrol methodformen has the potential towinasmuch as half the $10 billionmarketfor
female contraceptivesworldwideandcutintothe $3.2 billionof annual condomsales,businesses
dominatedbypharmaceutical giantsBayerAG,PfizerInc.andMerck & Co.,accordingto estimatesfrom
the last majordrug companyto explore the area.India’sreversibleprocedure couldcostaslittle as$10
inpoor countries,andmayprovide maleswithyears-longfertilitycontrol,overcomingcompliance
problemsandavoidingongoingcostsassociatedwithcondomsandthe female birth-control pill,whichis
usuallytakendaily.
It couldalsoease the burdenonthe 225 millionwomenindevelopingcountries,whothe WorldHealth
Organizationsayshave anunmetneedforcontraception.Yet,sofar onlya U.S. non-profithastakenup
developmentof the technologyabroad.
For SujoyGuha,the 76-year-oldbiomedical engineerwhoinventedthe product,the challengeistonow
finda companywhowantsto sell it—eventhoughmale contraceptionisanareaBig Pharmahas so far
shownlittle interestin.“The factthatthe bigcompaniesare runby white,middle-agedmaleswhohave
the same feeling—thattheywouldneverdoit—playsamajorrole,”saidHerjanCoelinghBennink,a

4. gynecologyprofessorwhohelpeddevelopthe contraceptivesImplanonandCerazetteasheadof
researchand developmentinwomen’shealthforOrganonInternational from1987 to 2000. “If those
companieswere runbywomen,itwouldbe totallydifferent.”
Guha’stechnique forimpairingmale fertilityreliesonapolymergel that’sinjectedintothe sperm-
carryingtubesinthe scrotum.The gel,whichhas the consistencyof meltedchocolate,carriesapositive
charge thatacts as a bufferonnegativelychargedsperm, damagingtheirheadsandtails, andrendering
theminfertile.
The treatment,knownasreversibleinhibitionof spermunderguidance,orRISUG,is reversedwitha
secondshotthat breaksdownthe gel,allowingspermtoreachthe penisnormally.
The expectedlaunchof RISUG overthe next twoyearswill contribute tothe Indiancontraceptive
market’s17 percentgrowththrough2021, according to a reportlastyear fromPharmaionConsultants,
basednearNewDelhi.
The procedure is98 percenteffectiveatpreventingpregnancy—aboutthe same as condomsif theyare
usedeverytime—andhasnomajorside effects,accordingtoR. S.Sharma, headof reproductive biology
and maternal healthatthe IndianCouncil of Medical Research.About540 menhave receiveditinIndia,
where itcontinuestopreventpregnanciesintheirpartners13yearsaftertreatment,he said.
A submissiontoregulatorsthisyearwillseekapprovalforRISUGas a permanentmethodof birth
control.That will be appendedwithclinical datasupportingreversibility,Sharmasaid.Indiahasmore
marriedwomenwithanunmetneedforfamilyplanningthananyothercountry,andsocial stigmaand a
lack of privacyin storeshaskeptcondomuse to lessthan6 percent.
Globally,mentendtotake a back seatin mattersof contraception.Almost60percentof womenin
spousal relationshipsusedthe contraceptive pill orsome otherformof moderncontraception
worldwide in2015, accordingto a UnitedNationsreport.Incontrast,8 percentreliedontheirmale
partnerusinga condom.
percentreliedontheirmale partnerusingacondom.
A newoptionformale birthcontrol couldgarneras much as half the female contraceptivesmarket,
accordingto researchby Organoninthe 1990s, whenthe Dutch drugmakerpartneredwithGermany’s
ScheringAGon the last majoreffortto developamale birthcontrol pill.Demandwouldcome from
couplesinlong-termrelationshipslookingtoshare family-planningresponsibilitiesandsinglemen
lookingforan alternative tocondomstopreventanunintendedpregnancyfrom casual sex,Coelingh
Benninksaid.
Still,there were questionsatOrganonaboutwhetheritwouldbe worthwhile financiallytodevelopa
newentrantinthe low-margincontraceptivesmarket,andthe projectwaseventuallyshelved,he said.
A researcherpreparessyringesatthe reversible inhibitionof spermunderguidance (RISUG) male
contraceptive R&Dlaboratory.

5. Effortson a hormone-basedmale contraceptive continuedin2008 ina studyco-fundedbythe Bill &
MelindaGatesFoundationandUN agenciesthatwaspublishedinOctober.While the injectedregimen’s
efficacywas“relativelygood”comparedtoothermethods,the studywasterminatedearlyafterasafety
review.The authorsnoteda“relativelyhigh”frequencyof mildtomoderate mooddisorders,sparkinga
mediauproaroverperceiveddouble standardsinthe developmentof contraceptivesbecausethe side
effectsseemedsimilartothose womenexperience onthe pill.
Bayer,whichboughtScheringin2006, stoppedall researchanddevelopmentactivitiesaroundmale
fertilitycontrol aboutadecade ago,saidAstridKranz,a companyspokeswoman.
Althoughanearlierclinical trial involvingthe administrationof hormonesviainjectionandanimplant
was “efficient,withatolerableside effectprofile,”Kranzsaid,the Leverkusen,Germany-based
drugmakerwasn’tconvincedthis“inconvenient”regimenwouldfindsufficientmarketacceptance.
Male contraceptionisn’tanareaof active researchforPfizerandMerck either,representativessaid.
Both companiessell productsforfemale fertilitycontrol.
“In doinganythingabroad,quite substantial moneyisrequired,andthatcan onlycome from the
pharmaceutical industry,”Guhasaid,surroundedbydustystacksof paper,booksand prototype
inventionsthatburyeverysurface inhisoffice atthe IndianInstitute of TechnologyinKharagpur,about
130 kilometers(80miles) westof Kolkata.
Parsemusisworkingonitsownversion,calledVasalgel,thatitplansto manufacture anddistribute at
nearcost—or potentially$10 to $20 per personinlow- andmiddle-income countries—and$400 to $600
perpersoninwealthiermarkets,Elaine Lissner,the foundation’sfounder,saidinanemail.
The foundation,basedinBerkeley,California,isseekingdonationstofundcostlyhumantrials starting
nextyearaftera studyin16 rhesusmonkeyspublishedlastmonthshowedVasalgel wassuccessfulin
preventingconceptionwhilethe primatesfraternizedwithfemalesfor5 to24 months.Guhameantime
has registeredastartupinIndiacalledIcubedGIdeasPvt.Ltd.throughwhichhe is pushingaheadwith
introducingthe technologyinhishome country.He leasedspace ina New Delhi industrial zonein
Januaryafterdevelopingamethodof massproductionusinga governmentgrant.Three coupleswho
participatedinthe clinical trialsgatheredinhisKharagpuroffice inFebruarytoattesttothe need.
KinkarAri,a 39-year-olddaylaborerfroma nearbyvillage,saidthatwhenhe andhiswife Alokadecided
theydidn’twantmore childrentheyhada choice betweentubal ligationforheror vasectomyforhim,
but neithercouldaffordthe time off torecuperate fromthe surgery.Whenapublichealthworkertold
the couple aboutGuha’spromisingalternative,Ari decidedtoenroll inthe study.The injectiontook 15
minuteswithsome local anesthesia,andafterhalf anhour of observationatthe clinic,he saidhe was
able to walkthe 2.5 kilometershome.Twodayslater,he wasbackat work.Ari was soenthusedbythe
procedure,he convincedtwoothercouplestohave itdone,he said.

6. Storieslike thatencourage Guhatopersistwiththe project,he said,eventhoughpatentsonhis
inventionhave longsinceexpiredandhe won’tsee anypersonal financialgainevenif ittakesoff
worldwide.
“Why shouldthe burdenbe borne bythe female only?”he saidinhisoffice afterthe three coupleshad
left.“There hasto be an equal partnership.”
Successesand problems
The shots eliminatedthe needtouse condomsorfemale birthcontrol before engaginginsex.Butthere
were problems. After52 weeks,the cumulative reversibilityof spermproductionwasabout95 per 100
continuingusers.
That meansthat fourweeksafterleavingthe testgroups,fiveof every100 menwere still unableto
produce spermat theirpreviouslevels.Itisnotknownif theirspermproductionincreasedaftertime.
Otheradverse effectsincludedacne,injectionsitepain,increasedlibido,andmooddisorders.Asa
result,followingthe recommendationof anexternal safetyreviewcommittee,the recruitment and
hormone injectionswere terminatedearly.One testsubjectexperienceddepression.Anotherhadan
irregularheartbeat,whichconcernedthe review committee enoughtofinditunwise tocontinue.
Still,asfar as itsprimaryintentof preventingpregnancy,the shotsdidprettywell.Duringthe efficacy
phase of up to 56 weeks,fourpregnanciesoccurredamongthe partnersof the 266 male participants.
That’s a rate of 1.57 per 100 continuingusers.Thatcompareswithan effective rate of 82 percentfor
condomsand 78 percentforwithdrawal.Onlyvasectomyhasbetternumbers,99percent,butnot
everyone isreadyforthatpermanentsolution.
Despite the problems,the shotsearnedhighmarksfromparticipants.
At the conclusionof the trial period,more than 75 percentof participantsreportedbeingwillingtouse
thismethodof contraception.
For more informationvisitusourwebsite:http://www.healthinfi.com