Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing. Finally, view the value-added services offered by PT&P and rest assure that your shock control, restraint and support device needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, field services and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
This document provides an overview of flow control products from Worldwide Oilfield Machine (WOM), including plug valves, choke valves, flowback chokes, flowline equipment, hammer unions, pup joints, hose loops, swivel joints, and manifolds. It describes the specifications and features of these products, which are designed for applications in drilling, production, and pressure pumping and can withstand pressures up to 15,000 psi. WOM offers a full range of well service solutions and flow control equipment through its global manufacturing and distribution network.
LINDAPTER Girder-Clamp connections are used to connect steel without welding or drilling.
These connections allow for faster and safer installation, simplifying the construction process.
LINDAPTER provides a free design service.
For more information email me at mcardenas@lindapter.com or visit www.lindapterusa.com
This document provides information on Southern States Types CSH and CSH-B Horizontal Circuit Switchers. It summarizes that the circuit switchers combine SF6 puffer interruption and optional air break isolation in a compact unit for applications up to 40 kA fault currents and voltages from 38 kV to 170 kV. Two models are available, with the CSH being non-blade and the CSH-B including an integral vertical break air disconnect switch. Key features, ratings, dimensions, weights, sequence of operation, application guide, and accessories are described.
The document describes Viking Universal Seal pumps, which are heavy-duty internal gear pumps suitable for a wide range of applications up to 200 PSI pressure and temperatures from -120°F to 800°F. The pumps come in 13 sizes with flows up to 1,600 GPM and materials including cast iron, ductile iron, steel, and stainless steel. They have multiple sealing and port options. Larger N through RS sizes can be outfitted with a jacketed casing for temperature control applications requiring circulation of heat transfer fluids.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing. Finally, view the value-added services offered by PT&P and rest assure that your shock control, restraint and support device needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, field services and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
This document provides an overview of flow control products from Worldwide Oilfield Machine (WOM), including plug valves, choke valves, flowback chokes, flowline equipment, hammer unions, pup joints, hose loops, swivel joints, and manifolds. It describes the specifications and features of these products, which are designed for applications in drilling, production, and pressure pumping and can withstand pressures up to 15,000 psi. WOM offers a full range of well service solutions and flow control equipment through its global manufacturing and distribution network.
LINDAPTER Girder-Clamp connections are used to connect steel without welding or drilling.
These connections allow for faster and safer installation, simplifying the construction process.
LINDAPTER provides a free design service.
For more information email me at mcardenas@lindapter.com or visit www.lindapterusa.com
This document provides information on Southern States Types CSH and CSH-B Horizontal Circuit Switchers. It summarizes that the circuit switchers combine SF6 puffer interruption and optional air break isolation in a compact unit for applications up to 40 kA fault currents and voltages from 38 kV to 170 kV. Two models are available, with the CSH being non-blade and the CSH-B including an integral vertical break air disconnect switch. Key features, ratings, dimensions, weights, sequence of operation, application guide, and accessories are described.
The document describes Viking Universal Seal pumps, which are heavy-duty internal gear pumps suitable for a wide range of applications up to 200 PSI pressure and temperatures from -120°F to 800°F. The pumps come in 13 sizes with flows up to 1,600 GPM and materials including cast iron, ductile iron, steel, and stainless steel. They have multiple sealing and port options. Larger N through RS sizes can be outfitted with a jacketed casing for temperature control applications requiring circulation of heat transfer fluids.
This document provides an overview of mooring and anchor handling. It discusses different types of drilling rigs that use mooring systems, including semi-submersibles and drilling vessels. The criteria for designing an anchor mooring system includes understanding the environmental forces on the rig, selecting appropriate equipment based on water depth and soil type, and ensuring the anchor has sufficient holding power. It also covers topics such as soil classification, anchor types, mooring components, inspection and certification procedures.
This document provides specifications and information for Kurt workholding vises and towers. It includes dimensional data and specifications for 4-inch manual and hydraulic vises, as well as an 8-station cluster tower system. Accessories like optional hard jaws, machinable aluminum jaws, and fixture plates are also detailed. The document aims to aid users in selecting the proper vise or tower system and accessories for their application.
EDRIVE manufactures electric linear actuators for industrial automation applications requiring durable construction, long life, and high precision. The document introduces several of EDRIVE's actuator series, summarizing their key features:
- The VecTac VT series provides cost-effective actuators up to 2,000 lbf thrust and 40 in/sec velocity for general industrial use.
- The L-Tac LS series is designed for long strokes from 24-60 inches at up to 40 in/sec velocity and 2,000 lbf thrust.
- The E-Tac ET series offers an affordable solution for lighter 300 lbf loads at speeds up to 33 in/sec.
- Heavier-duty models include the
A 1995-1998 project evaluated using coiled tubing for artificial lift applications. Shell successfully used coiled tubing to deploy an electric submersible pump offshore for the first time. Other applications of coiled tubing for artificial lift that were studied included gas lift, jet pumps, and deploying coiled tubing for well unloading and recompletions. Coiled tubing provided benefits over conventional artificial lift methods like reducing installation time and costs.
1. The document describes Viking's Motor Speed internal gear pump series, which can operate at motor speeds up to 1150 RPM, allowing for direct coupling to motors.
2. Key features include sealed-for-life bearings, mechanical seals, pressure lubricated idler pins, and opposite porting for easy in-line mounting.
3. The pumps are suitable for thin liquids with viscosities up to 25,000 SSU and temperatures from -40 to 350°F, and can handle flows from 1 to 580 GPM and pressures up to 250 PSI.
This document provides information on Viking heavy duty pumps series 125 and 4125, including:
- Standard features like revolvable casings, overpressure relief valves, and packed or mechanical seal construction.
- Specifications for unmounted pumps like port sizes, nominal pump ratings, maximum pressures and temperatures, viscosity ranges, and materials of construction.
- Details on optional helical gear reducer units for the pumps available in three sizes with various gear ratios to cover different flow rate ranges.
- Dimension drawings and performance data are referenced for additional technical specifications.
The document gives an overview of the construction, specifications, and options for Viking heavy duty rotary pumps to assist users in selecting the appropriate
The document provides details about coil tubing operations for hydraulic fracturing conducted by Steffones K at Essar Oil Limited in India. It describes the key components of a coil tubing unit including the reel, control cabin, injector head and well control equipment. It also discusses coil tubing string design, bottom hole assembly design and the procedural analysis of fracturing operations using coil tubing. The aim of hydraulic fracturing and the process is briefly outlined.
Claxton holds over 1,500ft of drilling riser stock for rapid call-off - supported by a large inventory of tensioning equipment and adaptors. Our tension rings include the proprietary slimline positive grip design that saves time by being run through the rig's rotary table.
توفر شركة تكنوسيرفيس مجموعة أجهزة الكشف عن المعادن Thermo Scientific ™ Sentinel ™ والتي تتميز بأداء كشف عالي الحساسية لجودة منتجك ومدي احتمالية العثور على ملوثات معادن حديدية وغير حديدية وأي ملوثات في الأطعمة والمشروبات وغيرها من المنتجات.
باستخدام تقنيات مبتكرة مثل Multiscan ™ و Selectscan ™ ، تساعد أجهزة الكشف عن المعادن Sentinel الشركات المصنعة على زيادة سلامة وصحة العملاء وتحسين جودة المنتج وزيادة كفاءة الإنتاج.
اكتشف معنا كيف يمكن لمجموعة منتجات Sentinel تلبية احتياجات تطبيقاتك.
أهمية وجود أجهزة الكشف المعادن في خط إنتاجك ؟
1️⃣ أصبح الآن من الشروط الأساسية لدي منظمة الصحة والأغذية لحمايه المستهلك.
2️⃣ ضروري لمنح شهادة الأيزو لمنتجك
3️⃣ ضمان استمرارية البراند الخاص بك في السوق وحصوله علي سمعة طيبة نتيجة ضمان الجودة
تستخدم هذه الاجهزه على خطوط انتاج وتعبئه الاغذيه
(مثل المطاحن و مصانع الالبان والحلويات والبسكويت والشيكولاته والمكرونه والمخللات والخضروات والفواكه المجمده والايس كريم ..وغيرها)
مميزات الجهاز:
◀يمكنه الكشف عن المعادن داخل منتجك خلال مراحل عمليه التصنيع حتى التعبئه وبدقه عاليه
◀ يمكنه رفض كل المنتجات المخالفه لمعايير الجوده وسلامه الغذاء
◀ يتميز الجهاز بالشكل الانسيابي وصغر الحجم
◀الجهاز حاصل على شهاده من هيئه سلامه الغذاء FDA
◀ الجهاز حاصل على IP69K لمقاومه الماء
◀ السير مصنوع من اعلى الخامات جوده والتي تتحمل الاوزان الكبيره
◀ سهل برمجته والتدريب عليه وتوافر قطع الغيار والصيانه
◀ ضمان لمده عام كامل
◀ الجهاز به إنذار صوت وضوء
◀ مهندسين متخصصين للتركيب والتدريب علي الجهاز وحاصلين علي شهادات معتمدة من ThermoFisher
تطبيقات اجهزه الكشف عن المعادن والشوائب :
تستهدف اجهزه الكشف عن المعادن والشوائب (metal detectors وال x-ray) كل شركات ومصانع الاغذيه وقطاع سلامه الغذاء وخطوط الانتاج التي تسعى للحصول على شهادات الايزو والجوده .
تسعى تكنوسيرفيس لخدمه جميع عملائها باحترافيه عن طريق مساعدتهم للوصول للنجاح في جميع المجالات السابقه .
just call us 01116593835
http://technoservice-egypt.com/
Terex telelift 2306 gladiator agrilift telescopic handler service repair manualfuhsejskekmmm
This document is the workshop manual for the TELELIFT 2306 - 2506 - 3007 and GLADIATOR AGRILIFT 357 - 359 handler machines. It contains 16 sections covering: general information, safety regulations, technical specifications, maintenance checks, troubleshooting, and repair instructions for major components like axles, engines, pumps, motors and transmissions. The manual provides guidance on required tools and equipment, torque specifications, welding and testing procedures, and refilling/paint specifications.
This document provides information on gas cutting equipment from The Harris Products Group. It includes specifications and part numbers for various oxy-fuel cutting torches and tips for different industries. It also describes an iron powder starter kit for cutting stainless steel and other difficult metals, including the torch, dispenser, hoses and regulators included. The document advertises solutions for fabricators, demolition, foundries, scrap and recycling customers.
Viking Universal Seal pumps are industrial-duty internal gear pumps that offer design flexibility and easy maintenance. They accommodate various sealing options, materials, port configurations and sizes to adapt to many applications. Key features include compatibility with all seal types, two-part design for efficiency, easy clearance adjustment, and a back pull-out seal design requiring no special tools. They are suitable for applications in chemicals, petroleum, transportation, machinery and more.
Este documento discute la noción y práctica de la situación-problema en la enseñanza de la historia. Explica que la didáctica de la historia y el constructivismo permiten que los individuos usen conceptos para estructurar el aprendizaje, y que el conocimiento se construye a través de la toma de conciencia y el uso de la metacognición. También describe que la metodología de aprendizaje de la historia debe incluir pluralidad, diversidad de puntos de vista, pluralidad de significados, y conflicto socioc
Estudo mostra má distribuição da arborizaçãoResgate Cambuí
Um estudo revelou que os bairros do norte de Campinas têm mais árvores nas ruas do que os da região central e sul. A Cidade Universitária tem a maior quantidade de árvores por quilômetro, enquanto o Centro tem a menor. O coordenador do estudo criticou a má distribuição e a redução anual do número de árvores na cidade devido a podas erradas e cortes ilegais.
1) The document provides information about an upcoming webinar on slide plates and pipe rollers hosted by Piping Technology & Products, Inc. It includes details on how to access the audio portion of the webinar through phone.
2) The webinar will cover design secrets of slide plates, including materials used, specifications, applications, and testing. It will also discuss pipe rollers and their use.
3) Attendees are thanked for participating and informed that any additional questions can be sent to the provided email address. Details are also given on the next webinar focusing on shock control, restraint, and support devices.
This Webinar will also highlight our custom designed products that were specially manufactured per unique customer specifications. Learn about optional features that can be implemented into your designs for optimum functionality of the supports in your particular applications. Additionally, gain an overall understanding of pipe supports through a showcase of colorful photos and technical diagrams.
Les dépôts de brevets dans les territoires bretons. Communication AudéLor n°8...AudéLor
L’innovation est un impératif pour toutes les entreprises et doit s'entendre au sens large (produits, organisation, technologie…). Elle ne se limite pas aux brevets qui ne reflètent que l'innovation technologique. Mais les brevets déposés constituent cependant un indicateur utile de l’innovation sur le territoire.
La communication n° 81 d'AudéLor s’appuie sur les statistiques officielles de l’INPI . Elle repose sur une localisation de ces données pour appréhender la dynamique d’innovation territoriale. Les brevets déposés sont habituellement recensés aux sièges sociaux des établissements. AudéLor les a ici "réaffectés" sur le territoire d’où émerge l’invention.
This document provides an overview of a webinar presented by Piping Technology & Products, Inc. and its subsidiaries on constant spring supports. It discusses the characteristics and design of constant spring supports, including various types and configurations. It also covers related topics like installation, testing, maintenance, and value-added engineering services.
This document provides an overview of mooring and anchor handling. It discusses different types of drilling rigs that use mooring systems, including semi-submersibles and drilling vessels. The criteria for designing an anchor mooring system includes understanding the environmental forces on the rig, selecting appropriate equipment based on water depth and soil type, and ensuring the anchor has sufficient holding power. It also covers topics such as soil classification, anchor types, mooring components, inspection and certification procedures.
This document provides specifications and information for Kurt workholding vises and towers. It includes dimensional data and specifications for 4-inch manual and hydraulic vises, as well as an 8-station cluster tower system. Accessories like optional hard jaws, machinable aluminum jaws, and fixture plates are also detailed. The document aims to aid users in selecting the proper vise or tower system and accessories for their application.
EDRIVE manufactures electric linear actuators for industrial automation applications requiring durable construction, long life, and high precision. The document introduces several of EDRIVE's actuator series, summarizing their key features:
- The VecTac VT series provides cost-effective actuators up to 2,000 lbf thrust and 40 in/sec velocity for general industrial use.
- The L-Tac LS series is designed for long strokes from 24-60 inches at up to 40 in/sec velocity and 2,000 lbf thrust.
- The E-Tac ET series offers an affordable solution for lighter 300 lbf loads at speeds up to 33 in/sec.
- Heavier-duty models include the
A 1995-1998 project evaluated using coiled tubing for artificial lift applications. Shell successfully used coiled tubing to deploy an electric submersible pump offshore for the first time. Other applications of coiled tubing for artificial lift that were studied included gas lift, jet pumps, and deploying coiled tubing for well unloading and recompletions. Coiled tubing provided benefits over conventional artificial lift methods like reducing installation time and costs.
1. The document describes Viking's Motor Speed internal gear pump series, which can operate at motor speeds up to 1150 RPM, allowing for direct coupling to motors.
2. Key features include sealed-for-life bearings, mechanical seals, pressure lubricated idler pins, and opposite porting for easy in-line mounting.
3. The pumps are suitable for thin liquids with viscosities up to 25,000 SSU and temperatures from -40 to 350°F, and can handle flows from 1 to 580 GPM and pressures up to 250 PSI.
This document provides information on Viking heavy duty pumps series 125 and 4125, including:
- Standard features like revolvable casings, overpressure relief valves, and packed or mechanical seal construction.
- Specifications for unmounted pumps like port sizes, nominal pump ratings, maximum pressures and temperatures, viscosity ranges, and materials of construction.
- Details on optional helical gear reducer units for the pumps available in three sizes with various gear ratios to cover different flow rate ranges.
- Dimension drawings and performance data are referenced for additional technical specifications.
The document gives an overview of the construction, specifications, and options for Viking heavy duty rotary pumps to assist users in selecting the appropriate
The document provides details about coil tubing operations for hydraulic fracturing conducted by Steffones K at Essar Oil Limited in India. It describes the key components of a coil tubing unit including the reel, control cabin, injector head and well control equipment. It also discusses coil tubing string design, bottom hole assembly design and the procedural analysis of fracturing operations using coil tubing. The aim of hydraulic fracturing and the process is briefly outlined.
Claxton holds over 1,500ft of drilling riser stock for rapid call-off - supported by a large inventory of tensioning equipment and adaptors. Our tension rings include the proprietary slimline positive grip design that saves time by being run through the rig's rotary table.
توفر شركة تكنوسيرفيس مجموعة أجهزة الكشف عن المعادن Thermo Scientific ™ Sentinel ™ والتي تتميز بأداء كشف عالي الحساسية لجودة منتجك ومدي احتمالية العثور على ملوثات معادن حديدية وغير حديدية وأي ملوثات في الأطعمة والمشروبات وغيرها من المنتجات.
باستخدام تقنيات مبتكرة مثل Multiscan ™ و Selectscan ™ ، تساعد أجهزة الكشف عن المعادن Sentinel الشركات المصنعة على زيادة سلامة وصحة العملاء وتحسين جودة المنتج وزيادة كفاءة الإنتاج.
اكتشف معنا كيف يمكن لمجموعة منتجات Sentinel تلبية احتياجات تطبيقاتك.
أهمية وجود أجهزة الكشف المعادن في خط إنتاجك ؟
1️⃣ أصبح الآن من الشروط الأساسية لدي منظمة الصحة والأغذية لحمايه المستهلك.
2️⃣ ضروري لمنح شهادة الأيزو لمنتجك
3️⃣ ضمان استمرارية البراند الخاص بك في السوق وحصوله علي سمعة طيبة نتيجة ضمان الجودة
تستخدم هذه الاجهزه على خطوط انتاج وتعبئه الاغذيه
(مثل المطاحن و مصانع الالبان والحلويات والبسكويت والشيكولاته والمكرونه والمخللات والخضروات والفواكه المجمده والايس كريم ..وغيرها)
مميزات الجهاز:
◀يمكنه الكشف عن المعادن داخل منتجك خلال مراحل عمليه التصنيع حتى التعبئه وبدقه عاليه
◀ يمكنه رفض كل المنتجات المخالفه لمعايير الجوده وسلامه الغذاء
◀ يتميز الجهاز بالشكل الانسيابي وصغر الحجم
◀الجهاز حاصل على شهاده من هيئه سلامه الغذاء FDA
◀ الجهاز حاصل على IP69K لمقاومه الماء
◀ السير مصنوع من اعلى الخامات جوده والتي تتحمل الاوزان الكبيره
◀ سهل برمجته والتدريب عليه وتوافر قطع الغيار والصيانه
◀ ضمان لمده عام كامل
◀ الجهاز به إنذار صوت وضوء
◀ مهندسين متخصصين للتركيب والتدريب علي الجهاز وحاصلين علي شهادات معتمدة من ThermoFisher
تطبيقات اجهزه الكشف عن المعادن والشوائب :
تستهدف اجهزه الكشف عن المعادن والشوائب (metal detectors وال x-ray) كل شركات ومصانع الاغذيه وقطاع سلامه الغذاء وخطوط الانتاج التي تسعى للحصول على شهادات الايزو والجوده .
تسعى تكنوسيرفيس لخدمه جميع عملائها باحترافيه عن طريق مساعدتهم للوصول للنجاح في جميع المجالات السابقه .
just call us 01116593835
http://technoservice-egypt.com/
Terex telelift 2306 gladiator agrilift telescopic handler service repair manualfuhsejskekmmm
This document is the workshop manual for the TELELIFT 2306 - 2506 - 3007 and GLADIATOR AGRILIFT 357 - 359 handler machines. It contains 16 sections covering: general information, safety regulations, technical specifications, maintenance checks, troubleshooting, and repair instructions for major components like axles, engines, pumps, motors and transmissions. The manual provides guidance on required tools and equipment, torque specifications, welding and testing procedures, and refilling/paint specifications.
This document provides information on gas cutting equipment from The Harris Products Group. It includes specifications and part numbers for various oxy-fuel cutting torches and tips for different industries. It also describes an iron powder starter kit for cutting stainless steel and other difficult metals, including the torch, dispenser, hoses and regulators included. The document advertises solutions for fabricators, demolition, foundries, scrap and recycling customers.
Viking Universal Seal pumps are industrial-duty internal gear pumps that offer design flexibility and easy maintenance. They accommodate various sealing options, materials, port configurations and sizes to adapt to many applications. Key features include compatibility with all seal types, two-part design for efficiency, easy clearance adjustment, and a back pull-out seal design requiring no special tools. They are suitable for applications in chemicals, petroleum, transportation, machinery and more.
Este documento discute la noción y práctica de la situación-problema en la enseñanza de la historia. Explica que la didáctica de la historia y el constructivismo permiten que los individuos usen conceptos para estructurar el aprendizaje, y que el conocimiento se construye a través de la toma de conciencia y el uso de la metacognición. También describe que la metodología de aprendizaje de la historia debe incluir pluralidad, diversidad de puntos de vista, pluralidad de significados, y conflicto socioc
Estudo mostra má distribuição da arborizaçãoResgate Cambuí
Um estudo revelou que os bairros do norte de Campinas têm mais árvores nas ruas do que os da região central e sul. A Cidade Universitária tem a maior quantidade de árvores por quilômetro, enquanto o Centro tem a menor. O coordenador do estudo criticou a má distribuição e a redução anual do número de árvores na cidade devido a podas erradas e cortes ilegais.
1) The document provides information about an upcoming webinar on slide plates and pipe rollers hosted by Piping Technology & Products, Inc. It includes details on how to access the audio portion of the webinar through phone.
2) The webinar will cover design secrets of slide plates, including materials used, specifications, applications, and testing. It will also discuss pipe rollers and their use.
3) Attendees are thanked for participating and informed that any additional questions can be sent to the provided email address. Details are also given on the next webinar focusing on shock control, restraint, and support devices.
This Webinar will also highlight our custom designed products that were specially manufactured per unique customer specifications. Learn about optional features that can be implemented into your designs for optimum functionality of the supports in your particular applications. Additionally, gain an overall understanding of pipe supports through a showcase of colorful photos and technical diagrams.
Les dépôts de brevets dans les territoires bretons. Communication AudéLor n°8...AudéLor
L’innovation est un impératif pour toutes les entreprises et doit s'entendre au sens large (produits, organisation, technologie…). Elle ne se limite pas aux brevets qui ne reflètent que l'innovation technologique. Mais les brevets déposés constituent cependant un indicateur utile de l’innovation sur le territoire.
La communication n° 81 d'AudéLor s’appuie sur les statistiques officielles de l’INPI . Elle repose sur une localisation de ces données pour appréhender la dynamique d’innovation territoriale. Les brevets déposés sont habituellement recensés aux sièges sociaux des établissements. AudéLor les a ici "réaffectés" sur le territoire d’où émerge l’invention.
This document provides an overview of a webinar presented by Piping Technology & Products, Inc. and its subsidiaries on constant spring supports. It discusses the characteristics and design of constant spring supports, including various types and configurations. It also covers related topics like installation, testing, maintenance, and value-added engineering services.
The document summarizes an online presentation about field services provided by Piping Technology & Products, including on-site inspections, installations, maintenance and problem resolutions related to pipe supports, expansion joints, and other piping components. Key areas discussed include inspecting and evaluating variable spring supports, constant spring supports, restraint devices, hardware, pipe shoes, slide plates and expansion joints. Guidelines are provided for inspecting, replacing, adjusting or installing these various piping components. Examples of problem resolutions are also described.
The document provides details of the computer aided design and analysis of a G+20 multi-storey residential building located in Patna using STAAD-Pro software. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete framed structure according to Indian codes IS 456, IS 875, and IS 1893. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, and wind loads. Analysis of the building is carried out to determine member forces from gravity and lateral loads.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
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We, Achieve Hydraulics and Pneumatics, are manufacturer, exporter and supplier of Compact Hydraulic Cylinders, Power Pack Systems and Manifold Blocks. Offered products are acclaimed by the clients for their high efficiency and precise dimensions.
The document discusses equipment from Brokk and Bricking Solutions for refractory maintenance. Brokk manufactures remote-controlled demolition robots for safe tear out of refractory. Bricking Solutions produces equipment for installing new refractory efficiently and safely, such as bricking machines, inspection cages, access ramps, and a muck bucket. Working together, their full system aims to minimize kiln downtime for maintenance by improving safety, speed, and quality.
The document provides information about a webinar hosted by Piping Technology & Products, Inc. featuring pipe clamps. It includes details about the audio instructions, company certifications and facilities, product lines of pipe clamps, structural supports, expansion joints, and case studies of recent projects. The presentation aims to showcase PT&P's pipe support products and engineering services.
Listen to in-depth explanations on how to choose the type of expansion joint that will best suit your system. Learn about the bellows movements throughout the piping system due to thermal changes of mechanical motion. Increase your understanding of the different types of expansion joints and value-added services offered by U.S. Bellows.
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1) The document provides information about a webinar on constant spring supports hosted by Piping Technology & Products, including an overview of constant spring supports, their design process, features, testing procedures, maintenance and replacement criteria.
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The document discusses Sara's BOP accumulator units and remote control panels for drilling rigs. It provides details on Sara's products that meet API standards for offshore drilling, including accumulator models, remote panel features and functions, and specifications. It also shares information on Sara's other oilfield products like tongs, power units, unions, and hoses that incorporate swivel joints.
The Variable Area Flowmeter is one of the oldest and mature principles in flow measurement with its simple design: a float rises inside a conically shaped glass tube as the flow increases and its position on a scale can be read off as the flow rate.
NK Energy Partners has a large network of strategic partners with 450 machines across multiple partner parks. In 2014, partners launched a new test site with proper storage facilities including industrial and warehouse bases. Factories are certified to quality, environmental, and health and safety standards. The company provides equipment and materials for drilling and completion like liner hangers, packers, and centralizers in various diameters for horizontal directional wells. It also produces protectolizers, mandrels, swellable packers, and rubber seals.
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Shock Control, Restraint & Support Devices - November
1.
2. Shock Control, Restraint and Support Devices Piping Technology & Products, Inc. November 5, 2009 Webinar Presentation hosted by… For Audio: 1.) Select Speakers/Headphones & Turn Speakers Up or 2.) 10:00 am Session: Dial (1) 323-417-4600 Access Code: 156-744-270 2:00 pm Session: Dial (1) 516-453-0014 Access Code: 169-566-602 (for countries outside the U.S. please refer to the list of numbers in your confirmation email)
3. PT&P and Subsidiaries Fronek Anchor Darling Ent., Inc. ASME Nuclear Qualified Pipe Shields, Inc. ISO 9001-2000 Certified Sweco Fab, Inc. ASME U-Stamp PIPING TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS, INC. Member of MSS, SPED, APFA U.S. Bellows, Inc. Member of EJMA
8. Snubbers – Hydraulic Schematic of Hydraulic Snubber Hydraulic Snubber Under “Normal” Conditions
9. Snubbers – Hydraulic Schematic of Hydraulic Snubber Hydraulic Snubber Under “Locked” Conditions
10. Picture of a Hydraulic Snubber Snubbers – Hydraulic Cut-Section View
11. Snubbers – Hydraulic Exploded-View of Hydraulic Snubber Reservoir Adjustable Rod End Lock Nut Extension Piece Cylinder Flow Control Assembly Stroke Position Datum Point Piston Rod End
12. Snubbers – Hydraulic Optional Design Features for Hydraulic Snubbers Protective Boot Adjustable Flow Control Device Without Protective Boot
13. Snubbers – Hydraulic C – C Dimension Adjustable Length Hydraulic Snubbers Custom Design
24. Snubbers – Quality Control Snubber Cycle Test on a Mechanical Snubber #1 Display the normal wear and tear for a snubber over an extended period of time. #2 Display the resistance to an abrupt disturbance. Snubbers are tested in two modes of operation. High rates of loading, especially impact, should provide high resistance to movement and low speeds should provide low resistance to movement. After the test is completed, report data is analyzed and alternatives are proposed that will aid the value in meeting the drag forces’ common criteria of 2% or less than the rated load.
45. Shock Control, Restraint and Support Devices Webinar Please send any additional questions or inquiries to [email_address] We invite you to visit our Discussion Forum at www.pipingtech.com Thank You For Attending
Editor's Notes
Display this slide before the presentation begins, while viewers are joining…. Do not say what is on slide…. Switch to next slide before welcoming
Hello everyone, I would like to welcome you to our Webinar on Shock Control, Restraint and Support Devices. The Webinar today is hosted by Piping Technology & Products. I am Jerry Godina and I will be your presenter. If you would like to join in on the audio portion of the presentation, please make sure you select speakers/headphones in the audio choice box and double check that your volume is turned up. You can also listen to us by telephone, 10:00 am for the United States, just dial: (1) 323-417-4600 , for countries other than the US, please refer to the list of numbers in your confirmation e-mail. The access code for this presentation is 156-744-270 2:00 pm for the United States, just dial: (1) 516-453-0014 , for countries other than the US, please refer to the list of numbers in your confirmation e-mail. The access code for this presentation is 169-566-602 Also, if you have a question during the presentation, please feel free to type a question into the text box you see to the right of the presentation, or if you prefer, you can ask questions after the presentation during our “Questions and Answers Session.”
(Go over certifications on the next slide) Piping Technology & Products, Inc. Engineered Pipe Supports: - Spring Hangers: Variables, Constants and Big-Ton Spring Supports - Vibration Control Devices: Snubbers and Sway Struts - Support Assembly Components: Clamps and Hardware - Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports: Cryogenic and Heat Applications (Cold & Hot Shoes) - Fabricated Pipe Shoes, Guides and Anchors Slide Bearing Plates Anchor Bolts and Embed Plates U.S. Bellows, Inc. (Member of EJMA) Expansion Joints Metallic, Thin-Wall, Thick-Wall, Fabric, Rectangular, and Slip-Type Sweco Fab, Inc. (ASME U-Stamp and R-Stamp Certified) Pressure Vessels, Pig Launchers/Receivers, Spectacle/Line Blinds, Instrument Supports and ASME/Misc. Fabricated Items. Pipe Shields, Inc. Insulated Pipe Supports for: - Commercial and Light Industrial - Heavy Industrial: Based on Mounted Anchors - Pipe Riser Clamps Fronek Anchor/Darling Enterprises Inc. (ASME Nuclear Qualified) Hydraulic Snubbers: Short Strut and Adjustable Strut Mechanical Snubbers dynA/Damp Compensating Strut
We have achieved various certifications in the past 30 years: PT&P is a member of MSS, SPED, and APFA. We are also a Minority Business Enterprise, as well as, a member of the Houston Minority Business Council. Our U.S. Bellows division is a member of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers’ Association We have the ASME U-Stamp, R-Stamp and N-Stamp for our Sweco Fab division Pipe Shields is ISO 9001-2000 certified for the manufacture of hot and cold supports And we are ASME Nuclear Qualified in our Fronek Anchor Darling division Manufacturing Facility This photo shows an aerial view of our headquarters here in Houston, Texas Our facility is located on 35 acre property including additional room for future expansion We are just miles away from the Port of Houston which allows us to quickly and conveniently ship to a variety of countries throughout the world
“Once again, thank you for attending our Webinar today…” Snubbers Most common example of working principle: automotive safety belt Not activated under normal thermal contraction and expansion 2 types of mechanical Transmits force to fixed base Primarily acts as a rigid restraint Sway Braces Restraint load is proportional to travel Sway Struts 1 degree of freedom
Snubbers are used as restraining devices to safeguard the piping system against Impulsive Loading while introducing negligible resistance during normal thermal movements… Undesirable abrupt movements of the components can be caused by: 1.) Internal excitation, such as, pressure shocks from valve operation, water hammer, boiler events, turbine trips, pipe breakage and safety/relief valve discharge Or Impulsive Loading can be cause by: 2.) External excitation, such as, wind load, seismic or cyclic events, impact by moving vehicles and explosions Under normal conditions, slow thermal movement of the piping system does not activate the snubber. Typically, an impulse type event will occur for a short time, but with a large magnitude. As the piping system responds, the impulse is transmitted to the snubber through SUPPORT MEMBER- 1. When the impulsive force exceeds the Predetermined Threshold value, the snubber activates, becoming a rigid support and arrests axial movement transmitting the shock through SUPPORT MEMBER -2 to the FIXED BASE . (NOTE: piping system will not move) Summary : In a sudden shock event, an instantaneous, secure and almost rigid connection is produced. The resulting dynamic loads are at once conducted into the structural connection. Normal operational movements of the piping and other components remain unhindered after impulse loading. In the case of seismic events, typical Frequency Response is 1 to 33 Hz.
The two main types of snubbers are Hydraulic and Mechanical Design criteria vary; however, there are a few common design requirements: 1.) Type of Motion : Snubbers must be able to move back and forth, so that it can lock the motion and resist inertial forces of oscillatory nature in both directions along the longitudinal axis of the snubber. 2.) Normal Operation : During normal conditions, snubbers shall allow essentially free movement of component imposing minimum resistance when the component is subjected to non-dynamic loads such as those imposed by thermal expansion and contraction. 3.) Breakaway/Drag Force : The force required for axial movement shall not exceed 1 to 2 % of the rated load. 4.) Sensitivity : A snubber should get locked or produce large inertia force when the linear velocity of piping system supported by snubbers exceeds designed criteria. Or acceleration exceeds the design value. 5.) Dynamic Response : The peak to peak displacement across the unit, including end attachments, shall not exceed 1-30 -40 Hz, when input frequency is in 1 –33 Hz range at nominal load. 6.) Temperature : The snubber shall be designed for normal operation at 120 ° F. 7.) Humidity : The snubber shall be designed for normal operation at relative humidity of 25%. 8.) Corrosion Characteristics : The materials shall not promote corrosion under the operating conditions.
A second ago, you saw the schematic of a snubber in general. Here you see the schematic of a hydraulic snubber under normal conditions … Suppose the piping system moves right (shown by the white arrow). As the piston P1 moves forward, it pushes the fluid through the channels 1 and 2 . As long as the piston velocity, V<V critical , the valve V1 remains open. The fluid pushed by piston P1 flows uninterrupted through the channel, indicated by arrows. The fluid enters into the back of the main cylinder through port 5 and also to the compensating cylinder through port 3 . The same uninterrupted flow occurs through the valves and channel if the P1 rod moves in the opposite direction (in this case, the flow through the channel is reserved). Such movement occurs due to thermal expansion and contraction of the piping system. During this free movement, the breakaway drag is typically 1-2% of the rated load.
Here you see the schematic of a hydraulic snubber in “locked” condition … When subjected to movements that exceed the design velocity limits (which is typically 8 &quot; /min.), the valve is activated and is momentarily closed (this is shown by “X” as the piston moves forward). This is known as the “lock up” of the snubber. This forms a rigid connection between the piping system and the support structure. When the load has dissipated, the snubber “unlocks” and again allows gradual movement of the pipe and component. During the “lock up” state, a small amount of fluid is allowed to bleed either through a narrow channel (shown here as number 2) or through a separate channel in the valve itself.
By continuity Fluid equilibrium Never goes on back side
Here you see an exploded view of an hydraulic snubber In the middle, you see a high pressure main cylinder , which is offered in seven cylinder bore sizes: 1 ½&quot; to 8&quot;. Selection of size depends on the anticipated force and thermal movement of the protected piping/equipment. Our hydraulic snubbers include a flow control section that contains dual stage velocity sensitive poppet valves All are made to include reservoirs in 6, 10, 15, or 20 inch strokes, except the 1 ½&quot; bore size. * The 1 ½&quot; bore size is offered only in 6&quot; and 10&quot; strokes. A spherical bearing allows for angular rotation of ±6° to accommodate misalignment
Optional Design Features Include: Integral Relief Valve (Inside) – A non-adjustable valve which is factory preset at 133 percent or 200 percent of rated load. Protective Boot – The boot is installed over a piston rod for protection against corrosive or outdoor environments. The system’s movement is controlled by a flow control device, which can be designed adjustable if needed.
Pictured here are adjustable type Hydraulic Snubbers with two rear brackets Manufactured for an Power Plant in Turkey. Most snubbers have a fixed C – C dimension, but these are custom designed with a lock nut that locks in place after adjusting the length by removing the rod end screws in and out of the cylinder. The maximum load is 140,700 lb. and the stroke is 6&quot;. The design temperature is 375 ° F and the design pressure is 1,750 PSIG
Carbon Steel Hydraulic Snubber This Hydraulic Snubber has a maximum load of 225,000 lb. 3-Coat Paint System 14 ½&quot; Diameter Weighs 4,000 lb.
Applications for Hydraulic Snubbers: Snubbers are used in piping systems or equipment when unrestrained thermal movement must be allowed under normal operations, but must be restrained during impulsive or cyclic disturbance. - They essentially restrain shock loading both in tension and compression. Special settings are available to absorb the continuous thrust resulting from safety valve blow-off or pipe rupture. For the most effective operation of the unit, please specify the mounting position, vertical or horizontal. Preferred usage with standard settings to prevent destructive results due to earthquakes, flow transients, or wind load. The unit is not effective against low amplitude, high frequency movement.
PT&P’s MSA series mechanical snubber operates on the principle of limiting the acceleration of any pipe movement to a threshold level of 0.02g. When a disturbance occurs that exceeds the threshold, the ball screw and drum produces angular momentum to the inertia mass. The inertial resistance of the mass engages the resilient capstan spring to tighten around a hardened mandrel, which is part of the structural tube. This in turn causes restraining force against rotation of the ball screw. During thermal compensation, the associated acceleration is far below the threshold limit of “g” (in other words, any slow movement will not activate the capstan spring). Prevalent Example: seat belt Complete arresting of motion
In addition to MSA mechanical snubbers, PT&P also designs and manufacturers dya/Damp mechanical snubbers . Pictured here is a very simple mechanical snubber using a singer verge with a rack-pinion arrangement. Depending on the load and configuration, the snubber becomes more complex with more numbers of oscillating verges and gears. Instead of locking, the dynA/Damp mechanical snubber produces increasing resisting inertia force with increasing input velocity produced by external force. It utilizes inertia force of oscillating verge(s) with connecting gearing, which limits the velocity of geared rack and thereby controls the rate of linear displacement of piping or other equipment systems. During normal thermal movements the rack is free to displace with relatively small resistance. Upon introduction of an external applied force— such as a seismic event— oscillation of the verge limits movement of the geared rack to a velocity proportional to the applied load. Since the snubber is always engaged, instant snubbing action assures positive displacement control of the connected piping or equipment system.
Top Picture: Mechanical Snubbers designed for a Refinery in Louisiana: The sizes range between 18&quot; and 80&quot; in length in the retracted position. The maximum load capacity is 700 lb. to 10,000 lb.. These snubbers were tested at both high and low rates of loading on a computer controlled test machine. NOTE: general snubber specs
Mechanical Snubbers are: Maintenance free and can be placed in any orientation; including, vertical, horizontal or skewed. There are standard strokes readily available and can be used in series to increase the available travel range. The compact design of the mechanical snubber allows for small overall length. Sizes range from ¼ to 100, load rating is from 350 lb.to 120,000 lb. and the standard maximum stroke ranges from 4&quot; to 6&quot;. Effective stroke of 12&quot;
61 Mechanical Snubber Assemblies for a Power Plant in Southern California These assemblies are used to control a maximum shock load of 1500 lb. within a piping system. Each Snubber was supplied with a custom designed yoke clamp made from Chrome-Moly (A387 Gr.91). Each snubber was also supplied with a stainless steel u-bolt and a protection saddle. The travel capacity range is 1&quot; to 5&quot;. An expedited delivery of two weeks was provided per customer's request.
Features of the Mechanical Snubber includes: Adjustable length for field fit-up Used in conjunction with a yoke clamp Allows movement in axial and translational directions Restrains all movement when a disturbance even occurs
Application of a Mechanical Snubber
Servicing Snubbers Under normal operating conditions: Snubbers are generally maintenance free Under severe service: Seals may become damaged, causing a loss of fluid, in this case, the snubber must be completely disassembled, new seals installed, and replenished with new fluid ** Severe Service usually involves excessive vibration or high temperatures ** If the snubber is damaged, contact us immediately for a replacement. If the snubber needs to be refurbished, remove the snubber from operation and send it back to us for maintenance and testing.
PT&P has two test machines specifically designed for testing snubbers for piping applications , one for routine testing of hydraulic snubbers, and a more sophisticated machine that can perform a wide range of tests on both hydraulic and mechanical snubbers. PT&P STADAS Snubber Test Machine The STADAS is a trailer mounted snubber test machine manufactured by Paul-Munroe Inc., California. This computer controlled, hydraulic test machine is used to test the performance of mechanical and hydraulic snubbers ranging in size from 150 pounds to 135,000 pounds. The STADAS may also be used to verify snubber conditions at the point of manufacture, or during an outage (refueling) at the plant site. The STADAS machine is capable of controlling a test, following any load sequence needed. It can then plot the test results immediately, and save the results to disk for future reference. The main frame of the STADAS machine is comprised of two drive cylinders, which supports the snubber being tested. The smaller drive cylinder is used for snubbers rated to 6,000 pounds, and the larger drive cylinder is used for snubbers rated up to 150,000 pounds. Each drive cylinder is equipped with an electro-hydraulic servo-valve, load cell and connections to the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic Snubber Test Machine The Hydraulic Snubber test Machine is mainly used to perform testing for hydraulic snubbers, it has a similar test bed like the STADAS machine, however, it is not computer controlled. It is adequate to perform all the tests normally required for hydraulic snubbers, such as quality control and periodic tests that are sometimes required as part of plant maintenance programs. Mechanical snubbers can also be tested on this machine, but due to the complication of the process, mechanical snubbers testing is usually performed on the STADAS machine.
Sway Braces are recommended for absorbing shock loadings; guiding or restraining the movement of pipe resulting from thermal expansion; bracing a pipe line against sway. Working principle is similar to variable springs (as movement increases; the restraint force increases) Can be utilized in tension or compression or a combination Standard sway brace sizes: - 3 &quot; of total travel in tension or compression - Load ratings from 50 lb. to 7200 lb.
10 Sway Braces were designed and manufactured for a Petroleum Company in Louisiana… The total travel distance is 14 &quot;; t he standard PT&P braces have springs that allow 3&quot; of total travel distance. These sway braces were custom designed to provide a total travel distance of 5&quot; and 14&quot;. The center-to-center dimensions range from 92 ¼&quot; to 115&quot; with internal supports to prevent buckling. The desired spring rates for the sway braces is 450 lb./in. and 1,350 lb./in. The custom sway brace assemblies are comprised of pipes (for spring housing), springs (sizes dependent on spring rate and total travel) and in some cases, ball joints.
126&quot; Long Sway Braces for a Power Plant Carbon steel and measure 126&quot; from pin to pin Use an integral piston assembly with guide to eliminate any buckling and/or misalignment during extension and compression Designed for 10 1/2&quot; of travel and a load of 1,500 lb. Combination of standard spring coils is used to achieve the required spring rate of 150 lb./in. Prior to shipment, a test was performed using a hydraulic ram, which simulated actual field conditions and allowed the sway brace to move through the entire travel range in both compression and extension modes.
(end connections and travel) ** Previously you saw Sway Struts with ball joints – Now we are showing sway braces with ball joints These Sway Braces were designed for a local refinery and are used to stabilize tall stacks. The deflection capability is ±9&quot; in all directions The Sway Braces in this project ranged from 71&quot; to 144&quot; in length and have a load capability of 8,000 lb. There are machined pivoting ball joints at each end that allow for freedom of movement in any unpredictable direction
Application of a Sway Brace
Travel test being performed on a sway brace for a client. This is a specially designed sway brace designed for 14&quot; of travel. This sway brace uses an integral piston assembly with a guide to eliminate any buckling and/or misalignment during extension and compression. Test was performed using hydraulic ram which simulated actual field conditions and allowed the sway brace to move through the entire travel range in both the compression and extension modes.
Sway Strut Assemblies: Rotate around pivot point (c - c dimension) Used to restrain movement of piping in one direction while providing for movement due to thermal expansion or contraction in another direction. They are effective for either tensile or compressive force. The self-aligning bushings permit ±5° misalignment or angular motion. (clamp) Standard drawing of a sway strut assembly Clamp & end bracket 10 different sizes available with up to 68,200 lb. in maximum load ratings C – C dimensions can vary from a minimum of 16 ¾&quot; to a maximum of 120&quot; Note: If unsure of the length, we can always provide one rod end loose for final fit-up in the field
Sway Struts
Left: Measuring the c – c dimension Right: Prepared for shipping
Sway Strut Assemblies with Custom Designed 3-Bolt Pipe Clamps These sway strut assemblies are designed in conjunction with custom three-bolt clamps to prevent movement on a pipeline. The sway struts range in length from 25&quot; to 70&quot; from pin to pin. The operating load ranges between 8,000 lb. to 15,000 lb. The clamps are designed for pipe sizes ranging from 8&quot; to 24&quot;. The sway strut assemblies are fabricated entirely from carbon steel with a hot-dipped galvanize finish. The completed assemblies also include a custom 2-coat paint system that was applied over the galvanize finish before being shipped to an LNG plant overseas.
Size 5 & 6 sway struts Maximum loading of 35,500 lb. Chrome Moly and brackets Utilized for attachment at elevated temperatures
2 ASTM A387 Gr. 22 Chrome-Moly Sway Strut Hangers for a Power Generating Station in Iowa These sway struts are made of ASTM A387 GR22 weighing at 1,485 lb. each. They are 6&quot; in diameter and 8'2&quot; long and are used for main steam valve supports with specifically designed spacers, pins, and retainers capable of restraining movement up to 90,000 lb. at high temperatures exceeding 750°F. The turnaround time for this was 6 weeks.
Ball-Joint Sway Strut Assemblies for an Ammonia Plant Overall length is 96&quot; and they are designed to control 20,000 lb. load. There is a ball joint on each end connected by an extension rod to control piping system through complete range of thermal piping movements.
This Sway Strut is fabricated from carbon steel and is 6&quot; in diameter with a 15,000 lb. load. The Sway Strut includes a hot-dipped galvanize finish, a painted finish and will support a 30&quot; process line in a refinery. This particular product was necessary because the current line only had a few I-beams for support and was not able to handle the large forces acting on the line. A heavy schedule pipe and heavier duty strut ends were necessary due to the heavy loads acting upon the pipe.
Application: Sway Strut & Clamp Assembly
Application: Sway Strut Assembly
PT&P conducts many different test, a few are shown here. Cold Shoe Testing Constant Testing Spring Load Testing Anchor Shoe Testing Marinite Slide Plate Testing
PT&P has a system of stock pipe supports and spring supports
We also have an “on-call” engineering and manufacturing team to meet any of your quick-turn and emergency needs.
That concludes our Webinar presentation on Shock Control, Restraint and Support Devices …. I hope everyone enjoyed the presentation and as a reminder, we have a staff of experts standing by to answer any questions you may have. You can just chat them now while in session, or you email them to info@pipingtech.com. Also if you get a chance, please visit our discussion forum, just click on the blue graphic labeled “DISCUSSION FORUM” on the left hand side of our home page at www.pipingtech.com