Get the information about Bermuda triangle and u can give presentation about it. It is unsolved till now, but assumptions are made and still the predictions are done,,,,,,
Running head: UNDERWATER EXCAVATION 1
UNDERWATER EXCAVATION 7
Underwater Excavation
Excavation is the process or the act of digging. This is mostly done in archaeology when something important and specific is being removed from the underground. The origin of the word excavation is a Latin word “excavationem” which means hollowing out. The word excavationem is made up of two parts “ex” which means out and cavare which means to hollow out. There are many methods of excavation; however, in this paper, only underwater excavation method is discussed. Understanding the definition of Underwater Excavation is only the surface. You will have to dive deeper to recognize underwater excavation more fully. Some concepts which help in understanding underwater excavation is Importance of Under Water Excavation Method, Challenges of Underwater Excavation, Underwater Excavation Site Survey.
Importance of Under Water Excavation Method
The main aim of carrying out underwater excavation is to carry out research, study, restore, preserve and examine the submerged archaeological wealth (Nautical & Bowens, 2009). This archaeological wealth includes all sorts of harbor works, edifice, fortifications, cities among others that due to geological changes sank into deep water bodies such as oceans and seas. During underwater excavation, an archaeologist can observe submerged wealth, such as warships, fishing vessels that sank with their luggage. The luggage of the submerged wrecked water-body vessels may contain an item of everyday use belonging to persons who were involved in the accident. The submerged wealth may include big jars containing salted fish, sarcophagi, architectural elements, wine amphorae and work of art transported from one place to another. For example, the great works of art that explain to a certain degree the forces that embellished foreign museum and Greek were the Getty Museum USA, the bronze of Race, the jockey, and the Poseidon from Cape Artemision.
Underwater excavation is a difficult task since the specialists and scientists will have to work in an extreme environment deep down in the sea. This is quite a dangerous task. Although the first law to protect underwater excavation or submarine activities was proposed in 1834, the bill was not adequately enforced. Even though underwater excavation is a dangerous task, the profession is highly paid, and people still go for the job. The lowest amount that a sunken excavator could be paid was thirty thousand dollars in a year.
Challenges of Underwater Excavation
There are many challenges related to underwater extraction. The first challenge is that the underwater site is inevitably cumbersome to navigate and access. The sites are more toxic as compared to working on dry land. To access underwater excavation sites, diving skills a.
Mapping the Unseen: Exploring the Depths with Underwater Drone Mapping SurveysFALCON 3D
Enter underwater drone mapping surveys, a revolutionary instrument that allows us to record and analyze underwater habitats in unprecedented depth.
Know More: https://www.falcon3dme.com/Aerial-Surveys-Mapping.html
13 mysterious statues you can only see underwater convertedTripnstay
13 Mysterious Statues You Can Only See Underwater: There are many natural wonders in the vast oceans. They are also home to some amazing man-made wonders. Statues throughout the world have been drowned in the oceans for various reasons whether in the form of a memorial, or to offer protection to a delicate marine environment, or simply as art.
Get the information about Bermuda triangle and u can give presentation about it. It is unsolved till now, but assumptions are made and still the predictions are done,,,,,,
Running head: UNDERWATER EXCAVATION 1
UNDERWATER EXCAVATION 7
Underwater Excavation
Excavation is the process or the act of digging. This is mostly done in archaeology when something important and specific is being removed from the underground. The origin of the word excavation is a Latin word “excavationem” which means hollowing out. The word excavationem is made up of two parts “ex” which means out and cavare which means to hollow out. There are many methods of excavation; however, in this paper, only underwater excavation method is discussed. Understanding the definition of Underwater Excavation is only the surface. You will have to dive deeper to recognize underwater excavation more fully. Some concepts which help in understanding underwater excavation is Importance of Under Water Excavation Method, Challenges of Underwater Excavation, Underwater Excavation Site Survey.
Importance of Under Water Excavation Method
The main aim of carrying out underwater excavation is to carry out research, study, restore, preserve and examine the submerged archaeological wealth (Nautical & Bowens, 2009). This archaeological wealth includes all sorts of harbor works, edifice, fortifications, cities among others that due to geological changes sank into deep water bodies such as oceans and seas. During underwater excavation, an archaeologist can observe submerged wealth, such as warships, fishing vessels that sank with their luggage. The luggage of the submerged wrecked water-body vessels may contain an item of everyday use belonging to persons who were involved in the accident. The submerged wealth may include big jars containing salted fish, sarcophagi, architectural elements, wine amphorae and work of art transported from one place to another. For example, the great works of art that explain to a certain degree the forces that embellished foreign museum and Greek were the Getty Museum USA, the bronze of Race, the jockey, and the Poseidon from Cape Artemision.
Underwater excavation is a difficult task since the specialists and scientists will have to work in an extreme environment deep down in the sea. This is quite a dangerous task. Although the first law to protect underwater excavation or submarine activities was proposed in 1834, the bill was not adequately enforced. Even though underwater excavation is a dangerous task, the profession is highly paid, and people still go for the job. The lowest amount that a sunken excavator could be paid was thirty thousand dollars in a year.
Challenges of Underwater Excavation
There are many challenges related to underwater extraction. The first challenge is that the underwater site is inevitably cumbersome to navigate and access. The sites are more toxic as compared to working on dry land. To access underwater excavation sites, diving skills a.
Mapping the Unseen: Exploring the Depths with Underwater Drone Mapping SurveysFALCON 3D
Enter underwater drone mapping surveys, a revolutionary instrument that allows us to record and analyze underwater habitats in unprecedented depth.
Know More: https://www.falcon3dme.com/Aerial-Surveys-Mapping.html
13 mysterious statues you can only see underwater convertedTripnstay
13 Mysterious Statues You Can Only See Underwater: There are many natural wonders in the vast oceans. They are also home to some amazing man-made wonders. Statues throughout the world have been drowned in the oceans for various reasons whether in the form of a memorial, or to offer protection to a delicate marine environment, or simply as art.
Save our reefs!
Save the Coral Reef!
Looking deep into the nature of Coral Reefs and their structure is one of my favorite escapism. I have so many thoughts about its formation and its zones that reflect the theory of formation for each and its structure (taxonomy).
The main lessons that I found very interesting to be shared, is about:
- The symbiotic relationship between the coral reef and zoothanlea.
- Interaction in the ecosystem.
- The structure of the coral reef and it’s small polyp formation.
Structural engineers used Coral reefs as inspiration for their buildings and city designs (the bio-inspired designs) and I found this quite interesting article that enthusiasts could use: https://lnkd.in/d2hT6MYY.
Also, there’s one of the best educational resources that anyone can use from the @Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation that explains Coral Reef Ecology in a very professional way and it’s highly
recommended resource for any coral lovers. (https://lnkd.in/d-iPEWHg)
Also, I made some research and collect it in this PowerPoint that show how Coral reef shapes could be mimicked in different designs.
going through process of content creation and how to use different tools that could help you engaged more with your audience.
connecting design thinking to make the content is human centric one.
business model canvas is a rationale way of mapping patterns, structures and vision of the startups.
with it's 9 blocks framework.
visit strategyzer to know better about this concept and download their book to see how you could work with this map.
the creative problem solving methodology.
basic approach of understanding what's design thinking and how could we benefit from this approach in terms of business.
basics of social media and how to write content, ways of gaining money from social media and how to use different platforms to put validated scientific data online and simplify this to different audiences.
since human started the industrial revolution and things started to become worse for environment and public health and so many movements took place. movements were means for representing anger and revolution.
Different approaches to sustainable developmentMariam Elsadek
sustainable development considered to be the modern environmental movement, against anthropocentric and biocenteric school of thoughts, it merges both philosophies to make the new approach of conservation. Different approaches has been taken to study the content of sustainable development.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
5. The lost city of Atlantis
In the mysterious world of ancient abandoned cities, none are more iconic – or debated –
than the lost city of Atlantis.
6. • Excavation by marine
archaeologists.
• Underwater explorers and
divers.
.
7. How marine archeological sites were
discovered?
■ Deep diving.
■ Multibeam Sonar Data
■ Satellites like google earth.
■ Marine excavation techniques
■ Remote-sensing surveys typically include
the use of geophysical equipment such as
side can sonar to detect object on the
seafloor; bathymetric systems to acutely
measure water depth; and subbottom
profilers to view beneath the seafloor.
■ Equipment:
– (ROVs) that are controlled by pilots
on ship.
– Foley’s team tested an autonomous
diving robot that could search the
ocean bottom for hours under its
own command.
– The REMUS 100 vehicle (for
Remote Environmental Monitoring
Underwater System) is equipped
with Global Positioning System
technology, side-scan sonar and a
video camera.
9. Robotic submarines or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and
‘internet of underwater things’.
10. Underwater Archaeological Excavation
Techniques:
■ Most “tools of the trade” used on terrestrial
archaeological digs are used underwater in our
excavations as well.
– Hand trowels, square units, clipboards,
pencils, tape measures, and other hand tools
are all used underwater to excavate sites as
they are used on land.
■ However, rather than shovel dirt into a bucket or
wheelbarrow and bringing it to a fine screen to
shake it, or wash it with water to remove the dirt,
we use a 100ft hose connected to a large dredge
engine with a pump that moves 600 gallons of
water a minute to suck the seafloor sediments like
a giant vacuum cleaner. The dredge tube brings
the sediments from the bottom and deposits them
on our 8 by 12 foot floating screen deck that has
mesh as fine as 1/16th of an inch to catch even the
smallest of artifacts or bone fragments.
11. “Ships were the way that people
communicated and moved about the ancient
world,” says Foley. “So if we can find these
ancient wrecks, we get a much clearer view of
the very dim past.”
12. Reasons for shipwrecks:
■ The human-related causes include:
1. Economic - inferior construction, equipment or
repair; improper loading, fraud; piracy; mutiny;
arson; war
2. Seamanship - inferior quality or behavior of
captain, officers or crew in navigation or ship-
handling
3. Technological - inaccurate charts, new technology,
lack of safe shelter
4. Other - fire of unknown origin, disease, etc
■ The nature-related causes include:
1. Atmospheric - wind of various degrees from squall
to hurricane; and reduced visibility by fog, rain,
snow, etc.
2. Oceanic - currents, tides, etc.
3. Climatic - ice, icebergs
4. Tectonic - earthquakes, volcanos, tidal waves
14. Lost Kingdom of Cleopatra
“It’s a unique site in the world,” said Goddio, who has spent two decades searching for
shipwrecks and lost cities below the seas.
15. Pavlopetri, Greece
the oldest underwater archaeological town site in the world, dating back 5,000
years.
16. Port Royal, Jamaica
Port Royal, once called “the most wicked and
sinful city in the world”
17. ■ Floods
The Lost Underwater City of Shicheng (Lion City), China: Covered in water to
build hydroelectric power station in 1959 and was forgotten.
18. Baiae, an Ancient Roman Underwater City in Italy
A submerged archeological park still holds the wonders of a Roman Sodom.
21. ■ Swallowed by rising waters after the end of the last ice age
Underwater City in the Gulf of Cambay, India.
22. Benefits of discovering marine archeological
sites:
Treasures.
Tourist attraction sites. It can provide hard surfaces
that may be associated with
a high biomass of
biologically diverse
organisms for study.
23. WHY STUDY marine archeology?
A bronze statue of the Roman
Emperor Augustus, recovered from
an underwater site in the Aegean.
The statute was cast about the year
10 B.C., and now is on display at
the National Archaeological
Museum in Athens.
Shipwrecks may be connected to important historical
events. People working to protect the marine environment
can learn important lessons from shipwrecks about how
currents, weather, technology and human error can damage
the environment
24. Why should we examine shipwrecks in
deep water?
■ By comparing deep water and shallow water wrecks with information from land
excavations, we will get a new understanding of the ancient world.
25. Science beyond archeological underwater
sites preservation:
■ Identification and production of materials
(cores).
■ Industrial chemistry.
■ Acidic environment.
■ Chemical monitoring and management.
■ Biochemistry of movement.
■ Chemistry of art.
■ Forensic chemistry.
■ Bacterial corrosion.
26. “I have heard it said that some people do not
believe in the existence of cities beneath the sea.
What a pity not to believe in facts which are as
strange as any legend. - Nic Flemming”
Editor's Notes
هنحكى قصة الفيلم بتاعت القاصنة و ان الكاتب ربط ما بين المينا و بين القرصنة و السفن فى البحر الكاريبي و احدااث مختلفة ما بين بلدين
ده مينا جاميكاا و موجود فى اسبانياا
و هنكمل على الوضعية االىى السفن بتتلاقى فيهاا تحت الميااه و فوايدهاا
شكل السفن بيتعرف منه احدااث عامله ازااى
The other photo is by sonar that is used in piracy at carribean sea which help scientist knowing many about ancient events and pirates events in it.
Scuba diving is restricted to shallower water and never goes to deep water
So scientists must take risks to discover ancient civilizations at greater depths within new technologies
After the Coronation sank, conditions on the sea bed, surrounding by salty, oxygen-rich water, allowed the iron balls to rust almost all the way through. This would have caused them to expand, making them less dense. Indeed, the recovered balls were much lighter than expected.
the cannonballs were gradually sinking into the sand, which reacted with the metal to form an airtight seal around them. Over the decades, rotting organic matter that was entombed along with the oxidized metal converted it back into pure iron.