The document summarizes the Boston Police Department's use of social media to communicate with the public during the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings. It discusses how BPD used Twitter and Facebook to provide accurate information to residents and correct misinformation. BPD's social media presence and engagement with citizens prior to the bombings helped them effectively lead conversations during the crisis and manhunt. The strategies helped build community and reduce panic. Evaluations found BPD's factual, timely posts built trust and engaged the public to improve safety.
Americans have drastically expanded their active communities online and offline. Their world is expanding and narrowing at the same time because of social media’s hyperlocalization quotient. And “cyberdisinhibition”—being more willing to behave online in ways they wouldn’t in person—has both emboldened users and led them to inappropriate behavior. These are among the findings from a nationwide study on social media conducted by Euro RSCG Worldwide. Despite buzz to the contrary, online social networking is having the effect of enhancing, not deteriorating, relationships among Americans. This new study, of 1,228 American social media users, found that by interacting through online media, consumers are more connected than ever.
World is transforming and converging rapidly through available information in various digital platforms. There has been a lot more discussions and deliberations has happened in the past at media, social, political and government forums about the reliability, authenticity and validity of information shared by users in the form of User Generated Content (UGC). According to a handbook on journalism, ‘Fake News’ and disinformation released by UNESCO, describes briefly about the emerging global problem of fake contents (disinformation) that confronts societies in general and journalism in particular.
Lies, Spies and Big Data: How Fake News Is Rewriting Political LandscapesRussian Council
On November 7, 2016, Donald Trump was elected President of the United States after a bitterly-fought campaign against Hillary Clinton. The election was very closely-run, with Hillary Clinton winning the popular vote, but losing the presidency based on the U.S. electoral college structure. However, months after Donald Trump was declared President of the United States, questions remain about the legitimacy of the U.S. elections. The central issues are the emergence and use of so-called ‘Fake News’ and the accusation that Russia, through espionage and online hacking operations, sought to influence the presidential elections to promote Donald Trump and denigrate the reputation of Hillary Clinton.
The issues thrown up in the wake of the U.S. presidential election have fundamentally undermined trust in the workings of the international media and further damaged U.S.–Russia relations. A report by the U.S. intelligence services accusing Russia of attempting to influence the outcome of the election, prepared for President Obama and published in the election’s immediate aftermath, led to the expulsion1 of 35 Russian diplomats from Washington just days after the results were announced. President Putin, on the other hand, opted not to expel any U.S. diplomats from Russia. The investigation into Russia’s involvement and influence on the U.S. elections continues today.
This policy brief provides an overview of how the gathering and dissemination of news has changed in a globalized digital environment, how consumers digest and share news at an ever-increasing pace, and how the management of big data can influence electorates across borders. It will also define ‘fake news’ and the extent to which it might have influenced the results of the U.S. elections.
John Blue - Notes for Social Media 101, 2018 University of Scouting, Indianap...John Blue
Notes for Social Media 101, 2018 University of Scouting - John Blue, Indianapolis, IN, USA
This is a basic review of social media for Scout leaders to help them understand the opportunities and issues of social media for Scouting. Covered are tips and guidelines Scouts and leaders should follow to have a safe and helpful use of social media.
Updated to include some new and updated links, guidelines, and platform changes.
Burson-Marsteller DC Advocacy Groups Social Media Study FinalBurson-Marsteller
Burson-Marsteller selected 34 U.S.-based political advocacy groups to evaluate how these groups utilize social media to communicate, specifically Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.
From the 2010 Texas School Public Relations Association (TSPRA) Conference in Austin, TX
"The rapidly changing communication landscape presents numerous challenges for PR professionals. Organizations depending on traditional media outlets to be the main and preferred communication channel to reach and influence audiences are often finding it harder to have their stories expand their reach with shrinking newsrooms.
PR pros must be adept at effectively integrating and managing the communication channels at their disposal. These new challenges provide us with new and exciting ways to leverage traditional PR techniques along with social media skills to help our organizations and clients remain visible and connected with key audiences."
Across 18-19 April 2017, the UK Parliament’s Culture, Media and Sport Committee published the 79 written submissions to its Fake News Inquiry. These submissions show us that we need to devote much more attention to addressing emotive, targeted deception by professional persuaders and the Public Relations (PR) industry, and that this issue may merit its own parliamentary inquiry into Deception in Political Campaigning. I discuss this in relation to two deceptive, emotive political campaigns from 2016 - the US presidential election and the UK's referendum on Brexit.
This presentation was delivered at Media Culture Days at Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, on May 17, 2019. Linda Austin spoke as a Fulbright Specialist on 5 Trends to Watch in Journalism. Those trends include mobile, messaging apps, voice, artificial intelligence and audience. For each, she offered statistics, a case study from a media outlet, and a takeaway. Bonus slides at the end provide links to more reading.
Top US Mass Media brands on Social MediaSimplify360
The thought that so many people get their news from social simplify360-mass media US-compressed - Copy
media really is scary.”
– Rush Limbaugh
Social media has brought about a fundamental shift in the landscape of US media industry. This is the first time in the history where a newspaper or a TV channel has more online readers than subscribers.
Check out how the top 10 Mass media brands are performing on social media.
Social Media and the Boston Marathon Bombings A Case StudyB.docxpbilly1
Social Media and the Boston Marathon Bombings: A Case Study
By:
George Haddow and Kim Haddow
, Posted on: June 4, 2015
As we reach the final stretch of the capital trial of the Boston Marathon bomber, we present this case study on social media that was originally published in the author’s book
Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World
:
Case Study: BPD and Social Media
At 2:49 PM on April 15, 2013 two bombs exploded near the finish line of the annual Boston Marathon killing three people and injuring 264. The first reports about the about the terrorist attack were spread through Twitter and Facebook.
At 2:59 PM the
Boston Globe
tweeted:
“BREAKING NEWS: Two powerful explosions detonated in quick succession right next to the Boston Marathon finish line this afternoon.”
Minutes later, the Boston Police Department confirmed the explosion in a tweet. And in a separate tweet soon after reported:
“22 injured. 2 dead
#tweetfromthebeat
via
@CherylFiandaca
”
According to Topsy, a Twitter analytics company, at around 4:10 p.m. there were more than 300,000 mentions on Twitter of “Boston explosions.” (Stern, 2013) In a second wave of social media, details about the event spread. Media that included photos of blood covering the ground and a six-second Vine video of the actual explosion was circulated, deepening people’s sense of what had happened. Around 4:30 p.m., there were more than 700,000 mentions on Twitter of the “Boston Marathon.” (Stern, 2013)
Even though television was the most widely-used source of information about the bombing and its aftermath, it was social media that shaped the story and the response. While 80% of Americans followed the story on TV according to the Pew Research Center, about half (49%) say they kept up with news and information online or on a mobile device and a quarter of Americans got information about the explosions and the hunt for the bombers on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.
Young Americans in particular kept up-to-date through social media. Slightly more than half (56%) of an 18-to-29 year subgroup polled by Pew got bombing-related news through social networking sites. (Pew Research Center, 2013).
The Boston bombings and the manhunt that followed became the backdrop for the world to witness the transformation – for good and for bad — in news gathering and distribution, and in disaster management and crises communications caused by social media platforms and technology. The Boston Marathon bombings were a watershed, a moment that marked forever the changed role of social media and the fully participatory public in breaking news events and coverage. The
New York Times
wrote:
It is America’s first fully interactive national tragedy of the social media age.” (Kakutani, 2013)
From marathon runners giving their accounts on Facebook, to law enforcement officials using Twitter to give real-time updates and asking for help identifying and capturing the suspects, to th.
A. I need to remind the people who help me with this paper that my.docxrhetttrevannion
A. I need to remind the people who help me with this paper that my experience is not with a disabled child, but I experience with an adult disabled person.
B. My paper’s topic is “The physical health of adults with disabilities.”
C. Please follow the information that the teacher give us.
D. Please find 12 references those about “the physical health of adults with disabilities.”
As you complete the assigned reading for class on April 23, please submit short answers to the Three Things to Know.
2 sentences for each of the below questions
· How does media impact what we learn, as well as the way we learn?
· How has the nature of digital media made it central to our thinking and behavior?
· How has the nature of digital media shown the potential for limits of human control of media?The Crisis in Journalism
Internet-based companies have used technology to disrupt existing industries, undermining the financial foundation for traditional journalism (Franklin 2011; Jones 2009; McChesney and Pickard 2011; Meyer 2009). Subscriptions that had once funded newspaper journalism plummeted as users flocked to “free” online content. Print advertising, which had made up the bulk of revenue for news organizations, also fled to the internet; Craigslist and eBay replaced the newspaper classified ads, whereas Google, Facebook, and online ad brokers replaced display ads. As users and advertisers moved online, publishers decided they had to follow.
Stand-alone news websites offered free online content, reinforcing the expectation that news should be available without cost. Some introduced pay walls to try to recapture some lost revenue. In the hope of finding greater readership, “distributed content” became common, where publications allowed their content to appear on Facebook and other platforms. Unfortunately, of the people who find a news story from social media, about two-thirds remember the social media site where they found it, but fewer than half remember which news outlet originally published it (Kalogeropoulos and Newman 2017). Still, publishers competed to create content that met the format and content preferences of those platforms. When Facebook research showed users engaged with video presentations more than text, the call for news outlets to “pivot to video” followed. In one example, The Washington Post, best known for its sober political coverage, began creating scripted funny videos as a way to attract more users via distributed content (Bilton 2017).
That is a change from how news organizations have operated in the past. At legacy news sites—whether the printed newspaper or online website—news organizations offer the user a package of content. Users might skim the headlines, check out the sports, and delve deep into a feature article—all from a single news outlet. That means the editorial staff at the outlets produces a well-rounded package of information and news, along with lighter lifestyle and entertainment stories. With distributed content,.
Americans have drastically expanded their active communities online and offline. Their world is expanding and narrowing at the same time because of social media’s hyperlocalization quotient. And “cyberdisinhibition”—being more willing to behave online in ways they wouldn’t in person—has both emboldened users and led them to inappropriate behavior. These are among the findings from a nationwide study on social media conducted by Euro RSCG Worldwide. Despite buzz to the contrary, online social networking is having the effect of enhancing, not deteriorating, relationships among Americans. This new study, of 1,228 American social media users, found that by interacting through online media, consumers are more connected than ever.
World is transforming and converging rapidly through available information in various digital platforms. There has been a lot more discussions and deliberations has happened in the past at media, social, political and government forums about the reliability, authenticity and validity of information shared by users in the form of User Generated Content (UGC). According to a handbook on journalism, ‘Fake News’ and disinformation released by UNESCO, describes briefly about the emerging global problem of fake contents (disinformation) that confronts societies in general and journalism in particular.
Lies, Spies and Big Data: How Fake News Is Rewriting Political LandscapesRussian Council
On November 7, 2016, Donald Trump was elected President of the United States after a bitterly-fought campaign against Hillary Clinton. The election was very closely-run, with Hillary Clinton winning the popular vote, but losing the presidency based on the U.S. electoral college structure. However, months after Donald Trump was declared President of the United States, questions remain about the legitimacy of the U.S. elections. The central issues are the emergence and use of so-called ‘Fake News’ and the accusation that Russia, through espionage and online hacking operations, sought to influence the presidential elections to promote Donald Trump and denigrate the reputation of Hillary Clinton.
The issues thrown up in the wake of the U.S. presidential election have fundamentally undermined trust in the workings of the international media and further damaged U.S.–Russia relations. A report by the U.S. intelligence services accusing Russia of attempting to influence the outcome of the election, prepared for President Obama and published in the election’s immediate aftermath, led to the expulsion1 of 35 Russian diplomats from Washington just days after the results were announced. President Putin, on the other hand, opted not to expel any U.S. diplomats from Russia. The investigation into Russia’s involvement and influence on the U.S. elections continues today.
This policy brief provides an overview of how the gathering and dissemination of news has changed in a globalized digital environment, how consumers digest and share news at an ever-increasing pace, and how the management of big data can influence electorates across borders. It will also define ‘fake news’ and the extent to which it might have influenced the results of the U.S. elections.
John Blue - Notes for Social Media 101, 2018 University of Scouting, Indianap...John Blue
Notes for Social Media 101, 2018 University of Scouting - John Blue, Indianapolis, IN, USA
This is a basic review of social media for Scout leaders to help them understand the opportunities and issues of social media for Scouting. Covered are tips and guidelines Scouts and leaders should follow to have a safe and helpful use of social media.
Updated to include some new and updated links, guidelines, and platform changes.
Burson-Marsteller DC Advocacy Groups Social Media Study FinalBurson-Marsteller
Burson-Marsteller selected 34 U.S.-based political advocacy groups to evaluate how these groups utilize social media to communicate, specifically Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.
From the 2010 Texas School Public Relations Association (TSPRA) Conference in Austin, TX
"The rapidly changing communication landscape presents numerous challenges for PR professionals. Organizations depending on traditional media outlets to be the main and preferred communication channel to reach and influence audiences are often finding it harder to have their stories expand their reach with shrinking newsrooms.
PR pros must be adept at effectively integrating and managing the communication channels at their disposal. These new challenges provide us with new and exciting ways to leverage traditional PR techniques along with social media skills to help our organizations and clients remain visible and connected with key audiences."
Across 18-19 April 2017, the UK Parliament’s Culture, Media and Sport Committee published the 79 written submissions to its Fake News Inquiry. These submissions show us that we need to devote much more attention to addressing emotive, targeted deception by professional persuaders and the Public Relations (PR) industry, and that this issue may merit its own parliamentary inquiry into Deception in Political Campaigning. I discuss this in relation to two deceptive, emotive political campaigns from 2016 - the US presidential election and the UK's referendum on Brexit.
This presentation was delivered at Media Culture Days at Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, on May 17, 2019. Linda Austin spoke as a Fulbright Specialist on 5 Trends to Watch in Journalism. Those trends include mobile, messaging apps, voice, artificial intelligence and audience. For each, she offered statistics, a case study from a media outlet, and a takeaway. Bonus slides at the end provide links to more reading.
Top US Mass Media brands on Social MediaSimplify360
The thought that so many people get their news from social simplify360-mass media US-compressed - Copy
media really is scary.”
– Rush Limbaugh
Social media has brought about a fundamental shift in the landscape of US media industry. This is the first time in the history where a newspaper or a TV channel has more online readers than subscribers.
Check out how the top 10 Mass media brands are performing on social media.
Social Media and the Boston Marathon Bombings A Case StudyB.docxpbilly1
Social Media and the Boston Marathon Bombings: A Case Study
By:
George Haddow and Kim Haddow
, Posted on: June 4, 2015
As we reach the final stretch of the capital trial of the Boston Marathon bomber, we present this case study on social media that was originally published in the author’s book
Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World
:
Case Study: BPD and Social Media
At 2:49 PM on April 15, 2013 two bombs exploded near the finish line of the annual Boston Marathon killing three people and injuring 264. The first reports about the about the terrorist attack were spread through Twitter and Facebook.
At 2:59 PM the
Boston Globe
tweeted:
“BREAKING NEWS: Two powerful explosions detonated in quick succession right next to the Boston Marathon finish line this afternoon.”
Minutes later, the Boston Police Department confirmed the explosion in a tweet. And in a separate tweet soon after reported:
“22 injured. 2 dead
#tweetfromthebeat
via
@CherylFiandaca
”
According to Topsy, a Twitter analytics company, at around 4:10 p.m. there were more than 300,000 mentions on Twitter of “Boston explosions.” (Stern, 2013) In a second wave of social media, details about the event spread. Media that included photos of blood covering the ground and a six-second Vine video of the actual explosion was circulated, deepening people’s sense of what had happened. Around 4:30 p.m., there were more than 700,000 mentions on Twitter of the “Boston Marathon.” (Stern, 2013)
Even though television was the most widely-used source of information about the bombing and its aftermath, it was social media that shaped the story and the response. While 80% of Americans followed the story on TV according to the Pew Research Center, about half (49%) say they kept up with news and information online or on a mobile device and a quarter of Americans got information about the explosions and the hunt for the bombers on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.
Young Americans in particular kept up-to-date through social media. Slightly more than half (56%) of an 18-to-29 year subgroup polled by Pew got bombing-related news through social networking sites. (Pew Research Center, 2013).
The Boston bombings and the manhunt that followed became the backdrop for the world to witness the transformation – for good and for bad — in news gathering and distribution, and in disaster management and crises communications caused by social media platforms and technology. The Boston Marathon bombings were a watershed, a moment that marked forever the changed role of social media and the fully participatory public in breaking news events and coverage. The
New York Times
wrote:
It is America’s first fully interactive national tragedy of the social media age.” (Kakutani, 2013)
From marathon runners giving their accounts on Facebook, to law enforcement officials using Twitter to give real-time updates and asking for help identifying and capturing the suspects, to th.
A. I need to remind the people who help me with this paper that my.docxrhetttrevannion
A. I need to remind the people who help me with this paper that my experience is not with a disabled child, but I experience with an adult disabled person.
B. My paper’s topic is “The physical health of adults with disabilities.”
C. Please follow the information that the teacher give us.
D. Please find 12 references those about “the physical health of adults with disabilities.”
As you complete the assigned reading for class on April 23, please submit short answers to the Three Things to Know.
2 sentences for each of the below questions
· How does media impact what we learn, as well as the way we learn?
· How has the nature of digital media made it central to our thinking and behavior?
· How has the nature of digital media shown the potential for limits of human control of media?The Crisis in Journalism
Internet-based companies have used technology to disrupt existing industries, undermining the financial foundation for traditional journalism (Franklin 2011; Jones 2009; McChesney and Pickard 2011; Meyer 2009). Subscriptions that had once funded newspaper journalism plummeted as users flocked to “free” online content. Print advertising, which had made up the bulk of revenue for news organizations, also fled to the internet; Craigslist and eBay replaced the newspaper classified ads, whereas Google, Facebook, and online ad brokers replaced display ads. As users and advertisers moved online, publishers decided they had to follow.
Stand-alone news websites offered free online content, reinforcing the expectation that news should be available without cost. Some introduced pay walls to try to recapture some lost revenue. In the hope of finding greater readership, “distributed content” became common, where publications allowed their content to appear on Facebook and other platforms. Unfortunately, of the people who find a news story from social media, about two-thirds remember the social media site where they found it, but fewer than half remember which news outlet originally published it (Kalogeropoulos and Newman 2017). Still, publishers competed to create content that met the format and content preferences of those platforms. When Facebook research showed users engaged with video presentations more than text, the call for news outlets to “pivot to video” followed. In one example, The Washington Post, best known for its sober political coverage, began creating scripted funny videos as a way to attract more users via distributed content (Bilton 2017).
That is a change from how news organizations have operated in the past. At legacy news sites—whether the printed newspaper or online website—news organizations offer the user a package of content. Users might skim the headlines, check out the sports, and delve deep into a feature article—all from a single news outlet. That means the editorial staff at the outlets produces a well-rounded package of information and news, along with lighter lifestyle and entertainment stories. With distributed content,.
This is an invited talk I presented at the University of Zurich, speakers' series 2.10.2017. The presentation is based on the following paper: Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Trust and distrust in online fact-checking services. Communications of the ACM. 60(9): 65-71
In October 2009, Euro RSCG Worldwide commissioned a survey to map the trajectory of social life and social media usage in the United States, quizzing 1,228 Americans from all online demographics.This white paper looks at the macro developments in social media; it also brings in numbers and verbatims about people’s hopes for their social life online and offline before finally drawing conclusions and implications for marketers and their clients.
IntroductionAccording to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
According to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward (1998), two of the most famous contributor to the political communication studies in America, said that political communication mainly refers the way in which senders to transfer the political messages to the receivers. The methods of sending the message, which will effect a region’s political environment, normally include political speeches, news media coverage, and ordinary citizen’s talk. The concentrations usually focus on the discussions of who has the authority to sanction, to allocation of public resources, who has the authority to make decision, as well as social meaning like what makes someone an American. As a result, it is obviously to see that the nature of political communication is not only the source of a message, but it is the transformation of political content and purpose to citizens. Therefore, the purpose of political communication strategy can be defined as to influence public knowledge, beliefs, and action on political matter. (McNair B, 2003)
However, due to the progress of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the 20th century, the traditional mass media, which includes TV shows, newspapers and magazines, and radio, is losing its place to the latest type of media, such as the Internet and real-time communication tools in the area of political communication. For example, in February, 2011, the Americans had closed the video station, the ‘ Voice of America’, which has been conducted for more than half century. It used to be regarded as a powerful mass media in political communication tool. But, does it mean that the American government has weakened its use of mass media in political communication? The answer is no. When the announcement of shutting down the ‘Voice of America’, Hillary Clinton, the Secretary of State, has given a freestyle presentation at George Washington University, and it was published on the Internet, synchronously. the event itself indicates that the American government has realized that the powerful capability of newly mass media. (Platform Magazine, 2015) and the government is getting ready to use this tool to reinforce it political status.
Consequently, this essay will discuss how the new mass media affects American political communication strategy in election, as well as the practice of strategies. At the same time, the three discussion points will be analyzed in the following part.
The characteristics of newly mass media in Election
The concept relates to the emergence of ‘newly mass media’ results form the development of ICTs. The ICTs enables some real-time communication tool, such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, to become a critical platform for citizens to express their political issues. Consequently, as a government, which is famous by its democratic social media, it was announced by Hillary that the US would spend 2.5 billion in the enhancement of “internet democracy”. Thus, the year of 2011 is regarded as .
Analysis of sources and effect of fake news on society Arpit Khurana
This report reviews the relevant literature to provide a definition of fake news, its potential impact and recent responses to this phenomenon. Finally, the report provides a summary of the research and important findings concerning fake news in the conclusion.
Social media? It's serious! Understanding the dark side of social mediaIan McCarthy
Research and practice have mostly focused on the “bright side” of social media, aiming to understand and help in leveraging the manifold opportunities afforded by this technology. However, it is increasingly observable that social media present enormous risks for individuals, communities, firms, and even for society as a whole. Examples for this “dark side” of social media include cyberbullying, addictive use, trolling, online witch hunts, fake news, and privacy abuse. In this article, we aim to illustrate the multidimensionality of the dark side of social media and describe the related various undesirable outcomes. To do this, we adapt the established social media honeycomb framework to explain the dark side implications of each of the seven functional building blocks: conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, groups, and identity. On the basis of these reflections, we present a number of avenues for future research, so as to facilitate a better understanding and use of social media.
Changes in the Approach of Polish Journalists’ Use of Social Media Caused by ...Dariusz Tworzydło
The article aims to identify and define the changes that are taking place in the approach of Polish journalists to the use of social media and forms of communication between journalists and PR specialists, taking into account changes related to COVID-19. The research in the area of methodology development, tool design, implementation of the adopted assumptions, and report preparation was carried out by the Polish Press Agency in Warsaw (PPA - polish state news agency) and the authors. The result of the survey is 316 questionnaires completed by journalists. During analyses, CATI research was used. The presented results are representative of the journalistic community and allow for extrapolation to the entire population of journalists and media workers in Poland. It was found that the importance of information and its consumption had increased. The situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the work of Polish journalists publishing their content on social media, which results directly from the significant changes that have affected this medium. An increase in the speed of its spread was also observed. These factors negatively affect the quality of information and its credibility, resulting in fake news. The article presents tools supporting journalists in the fight against disinformation and fake news - which were particularly intense during the COVID-19 pandemic.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Shaping Social Media as a Crisis Communication Tool - Nicholas Tancredi
1. Shaping Social Media as a Crisis Communication Tool:
How the Boston Police Department Communicated after the
2013 Boston Marathon Bombings
Nicholas Tancredi | Professor Bufe
PBRL 5380 | 20 October 2017
Photo via Jared Wickerham/Getty Images (Bar-Tur article)
2. Tancredi 2
Table of Contents
Introduction……………………………………………………………………3
Campaign……………………………………………………………………...4
Problem Statement…………………………………………………………….4
Situation Analysis……………………………………………………………..4
Goals…………………………………………………………………………..5
Audiences and Publics………………………………………………………...6
Objectives……………………………………………………………………...8
Strategies and Tactics………………………………………………………….9
Evaluating Campaign Success………………………………………………...10
3. Tancredi 3
Introduction
The Boston Police Department (BPD) began when the people of the town of Boston
organized a Watch in 1631. Shortly after that, “the Town Meeting assumed control of the Watch
in 1636.Watchmen patrolled the streets of Boston at night to protect the public from criminals,
wild animals, and fire” (bpdnews). The watchmen’s responsibilities grew along with the town,
and in 1822, the town became the City of Boston. In 1854, the City replaced watch organizations
with the Boston Police Department, which consisted of 250 officers (bpdnews). In 1997, the
BPD constructed a state-of-the-art facility, which is near the geographic midpoint of the city
(bpdnews).
Over the past forty years, Boston has experienced a strong decrease in its overall crime
rate. Throughout its history, the BPD has used innovative strategies and partnerships in order to
protect all those in Boston, and has served as a role model for police departments all over the
country (bpdnews). BPD’s mission statement says that it “is dedicated to working in partnership
with the community to fight crime, reduce fear and improve the quality of life in our
neighborhoods. Our Mission is Community Policing” (bpdnews).
The public relations efforts of the BPD consists of using a blog called bpdnews.com to
stay in contact with citizens and inform them of current wanted subjects, crime statistics,
community events, arrests, as well as police news. The BPD also uses social media to stay in
contact with citizens, specifically Facebook and Twitter. The department’s Twitter account was
created in 2009 and was originally used to publish safety instructions during the St. Patrick’s
Day parade. The BPD expanded its social-media presence onto Facebook, YouTube videos-
streaming site UStream. These social media accounts are handled by the Bureau of Public
Information, with three officers that are responsible for the content (Haddow and Haddow).
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Campaign
This campaign focuses on the crisis communication efforts of the BPD just after the
Boston Marathon bombings on April 15, 2013, and how the BPD used social media to
communicate with citizens. The BPD corrected wrong information from news media and citizen
Twitter posts, and took note of leads about the bombers received from members of the
community. The BPD primarily used Twitter to communicate with citizens, especially when
heavy cell phone usage caused slow and delayed service (Haddow and Haddow).
Problem Statement
The Boston Police Department (BPD) faced a host of misinformation on social media
sites when the bombs went off at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013.
Situation Analysis
At 2:49p.m. on April 15, 2013, at the height of Boston’s annual Marathon, two bombs
exploded near the finish line, and killed three people and injured more than 260 others. What
followed was an extraordinary manhunt, which included a shelter-in-place request from the
governor that virtually shut down the city, and the use of social media by the BPD was a key
communications tool to keep the media and frightened citizens informed with accurate
information about what was going on (Newcombe).
The social media communication methods used after the Boston Marathon bombings was
not sporadic. Boston police commissioner Ed Davis emphasized community relations, and the
BPD entered the conversation immediately because they knew the chatter about the investigation
would happen with or without them (Bar-Tur). Commissioner Davis and public information
chief Cheryl Fiandaca, who headed up Boston PD’s social media efforts, accomplished
something that no police department has done before, which lead the conversation with citizens
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in a time of crisis. Moreover, they also listened, which was a step that is more remarkable than it
sounds for many large organizations, let alone law enforcement agencies, and used Twitter to
track and correct the misinformation spread by media outlets (Bar-Tur).
The engagement between police and citizens was not something caused by the bombings;
it was built up slowly, and took a lot of effort. Even before the BPD’s follower count spiked the
week of the bombings from 40,000 to 300,000, the department boasted more Twitter followers
than most of the area’s local media. Police leadership in Boston thought about how to directly
incorporate social media into a broader mission of promoting safety, and at the same time,
reduce fear, all while connecting with the community (Bar-Tur).
Engagement will continue to endure well after the bombings, because Boston PD gave
the online community timely information and a sense of trust and familiarity. As community
conversations move from the coffee shops and parks, to Twitter feeds and chats rooms, BPD’s
online presence helped reinvent the whole
notion of community policing for the 21st
century (Bar-Tur). If there is one thing BPD
proved in the aftermath of the bombings, it
was that “true engagement does not arise in a
time of crisis, but through preparation well
ahead of crisis” (Bar-Tur).
The goals of using social media networks for the BPD, was to communicate accurate
information with Boston residents, as well as connect with them about issues in their
communities. BPD bureau chief of public information Cheryl Fiandaca stated, “We’re not in the
business of sensationalizing or trying to create emotions. The goal with Twitter was to provide
6. Tancredi 6
useful and accurate information that would encourage public safety” (Swann). The BPD is
redesigning its blog and website, and creating a new mobile app and adding live chats with BPD
members, such as the commissioner (Swann). Fiandaca adds, “We’ll be thinking of new ways to
keep all the followers we gained” (Swann).
The key to gaining followers on social media is that the content needs to be interesting,
sharable, and most importantly, it needs to create conversations. When those conversations are
taking place, the proper staff needs to be in a position to quickly respond in a voice and a tone
that is friendly and professional. Boring and robotic language should be avoided. It is also
important to remember that an individual’s online relationship with local government heavily
relies on the connection the person makes with an agency’s brand, by that measure, the tone of
voice that is connected to that brand (Hsiung).
A successful government social media coordinator’s job is to work every day to make
sure their constituents have positive experiences with the organization online. These are the same
expectations that public sector agencies would have for their front-line employees who work
with the public (Hsiung). Not only did the BPD prove that it was successful at community
relations, but it also showed the world that it could successfully communicate in an emergency
situation through social media, and be consistent at the same time.
The audiences and publics are the residents of Boston, including the media as well. In
the aftermath of the bombings, residents of Boston used social media to retweet information that
was posted on BPD’s Twitter page. Moreover, the BPD also used its Facebook page to publish
images of the suspects, license plate information to support a BOLO (“Be On The Lookout”), a
map of the cordoned-off area in the immediate aftermath of the explosions, maps that directed
7. Tancredi 7
the media to conferences and approved parking areas, including updates about public transit
service interruptions related to the investigation (Davis, Alves, and Sklansky).
In the days following the bombings, the BPD used their Facebook page to memorialize
and give condolences and support to survivors. Early postings of the suspects’ images were
shared more than 6,500 times. The postings that gained most interaction, with more than 35,000
“likes” was a message from media officer James Kenneally returning thanks to members of the
public who had sent in encouraging and supportive correspondence: “We hear you. We thank
you. God bless you” (Davis, Alves, and Sklansky).
Social media became a way for the BPD to pass along information about the bombings
directly to the public, and after the bombings, BPD’s social media communication paid off. “The
two suspects in the bombings were identified, corners and captured through the grand scale
dissemination and collection of information, photos and videos through social media. Twitter,
Facebook and Internet websites all are credited with the effort” (Haddow and Haddow). In the
end, the public’s connections to each other, as well as to technology, was a huge factor in
breaking the case (Haddow and Haddow).
Moreover, FBI special agent Richard DesLauriers stated, “Today we are enlisting the
public’s help in identifying the two suspects” (Haddow and Haddow). The photos released by the
FBI of Suspect 1 and Suspect 2, before they were known by name, were instantaneously tweeted
and re-tweeted, searched and shared on Facebook. Thousands of marathon onlookers looked
through their cell phone photos and videos, in order to see if they could match the suspects,
which were later identified as brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev (Haddow and
Haddow).
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BPD’s objectives in working with social media was to enhance communication channels
between residents and police. BPD bureau chief of public information Cheryl Fiandaca has
experience working as a television news reporter, and used that experience to put together the
social media plan for the city. While the BPD always provided the “good news” about what they
were doing, Fiandaca started sharing updates on important crime investigations.
Fiandaca said, “I wanted us to become a news organization in addition to being a police
department. If you want to know about something that’s happening [with the police], we want to
be the source. You don’t have to go to any of the news stations; you don’t have to read the
newspaper. You read our blog [or] follow us on Twitter to get up-to-date on the big news stories”
(Swann).
Additionally, social media was also used to keep law enforcement officers safe,
especially after reporters and members of the public began tweeting from police scanner reports,
and giving away the location of officers involved in the manhunt. While local media knew not to
do this, there were media networks in Boston from all over the country. To make sure the
location of officers was not given away, the BPD put out media alerts through social media,
warning them not to give away the location
of officers, or compromise officer safety or
tactics by broadcasting live video of
officers while approaching search
locations. This “polite scolding” was
retweeted more than 20,000 times, which
was higher than any other tweet at that
time (Haddow and Haddow).
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The strategies and tactics used by the BPD consisted of Twitter communications with
the public about the bombers that were still on the loose, and asked residents to be vigilant and
report tips, video or photos that would help the investigation. Additionally, the tactics used by
the BPD flowed through the Boston community in positive ways as well, and social media
brought people together, and built a sense of community. People used social media to offer
strangers lodging, food or a hot shower, when roads and hotels were closed. People also offered
prayers and sympathy for the racers and the people
of Boston. The hashtag #prayforboston trended on
Twitter and Topsy reported that from 4:30 p.m. to
5:30 p.m. more than 75,000 tweets mentioned “Pray
for Boston.” According to Adam Gaffin, editor of
Universal Hub, a community news and information
site for the Boston area, “People were sharing as a
community and grieving online. Social media
brought people together. That wouldn’t have
happened a few years ago” (Haddow and Haddow).
After three days without any suspects in police custody, the FBI released videos and stills
of two suspects, who were later identified as brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. The
BPD also tweeted images, which thousands
of followers retweeted to their social
networks, and tweeted three more
photographs of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev
throughout the day on Friday, April 19. The
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first photo depicting a younger Dzhokhar, generated more than 20,000 retweets, while an
updated one received more than 26,000 retweets. Another photo of Dzhokhar in a hoodie from a
convenience store surveillance video generated almost 11,500 retweets (Swann).
When the second bomber was caught, this tweet went out, and it was retweeted almost
124,000 times. At about 5:50 p.m. on Friday April 19, 2013, the BPD tweeted “CAPTURED!!!
The hunt is over. The search is done. The terror is over. And justice has one. Suspect is in
custody” (@bostonpolice). One of the
Boston police officers who was behind
the social media content said it best,
“We don’t break the news. We are the
news” (Haddow and Haddow).
Evaluating Campaign Success
BPD bureau chief of public information Cheryl Fiandaca said that Twitter was a valuable
tool for managing the information, and was a huge aid to BPD, to “connect directly with the
community” (Swann). The public information department responded to all requests as quickly as
they could. BPD’s tweets, including its followers’ retweets built a cohesive community, reduced
panic, and engaged the public during the search for suspects and kept Boston residents safe. The
factual tone, and attention of accuracy made BPD a vital and trusted source of news (Swann).
The BPD had a trained communications manager on staff who oversaw the Twitter and
Facebook activity throughout the investigation. This kept accurate and relevant information
flowing smoothly, which was one of the reasons the Media Relations Office had a great leeway
in deciding what to publish, including a high degree of access to command teams of the agencies
involved (Davis, Alves, and Sklansky).
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Social media websites are easy to measure, such as counting retweets, fans and “likes,”
views and subscribers, including total impressions. Even though it is simple to compare the
numbers put together by different departments, that should not be the way social media activity
should be measured in a public safety agency (Davis, Alves, and Sklansky). What made the
social media messages successful following the bombings, is that the BPD put together a plan to
communicate with citizens in the community, and were doing so before the bombings occurred.
Overall, the question should not be how extensively, visibly or artfully the police use
social media, but how effective the police are making use of social media, including all the other
tools at their disposal, all to improve the lives of the people they serve (Davis, Alves, and
Sklansky). The true measureable results were the ways the BPD was able to gain community
trust, keep officers safe, and maintain public safety, as well as going above-and-beyond to
implement their innovative communication strategy.
“Social media is not the future of communication. Social media is the way communities
network now. Those who are not effectively using digital platforms to the best of their abilities
are not only falling behind, they are losing the ability to maximize connectivity with their
residents. An organization’s digital footprint, and
the connectivity it brings to its residents, provides
cohesiveness to many residents and
neighborhoods, especially at a time where fewer
neighbors take the time to get to know each other
in person” (Hsiung).
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Works Cited
ABC News. Police officers guard the entrance to Franklin street. 2014. Online. Police Chief
Describes Dramatic Firefight With Boston Marathon Suspects.
http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/police-chief-describes-dramatic-firefight-boston-marathon-
suspects/story?id=23260856. Accessed 29 September. 2017.
Bar-Tur, Yael. “Boston Police Schooled Us All on Social Media.” Mashable.
http://mashable.com/2013/04/22/boston-police-social-media/#WqTuspLLAsq2. 22 April.
2013. Web. 26 August. 2017.
bpbnews.com. “History.” Boston Police Department. http://bpdnews.com/history/. n.d. Web. 30
August. 2017.
bpdnews.com. “Mission Statement.” Boston Police Department. http://bpdnews.com/mission-
and-objectives/. n.d. Web. 30 August. 2017.
Davis, Edward F. III, Alejandro A. Alves, and Davis Alan Sklansky. “Social Media and Police
Leadership: Lessons From Boston.” New Perspectives in Policing Bulletin.
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/244760.pdf. March 2014. pp. 1-24.
Haddow, George & Kim Haddow. “Social Media and the Boston Marathon Bombings: A Case
Study.” Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World.
http://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/social-marathon. 4 June. 2015. Web. 26 August. 2017.
Hsiung, Chris. “Use Social Media to Engage Your Community.” International City/County
Management Association.” https://icma.org/articles/your-social-media-strategy. 27 July.
2017. Web. 22 August. 2017.
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KUOW. Despite reports to the contrary there has not been an arrest in the Marathon attack.
2014. Online. Twitter Lessons From the Boston Marathon Bombings.
http://kuow.org/post/twitter-lessons-boston-marathon-bombings. Accessed 29 September.
2017.
Newcombe, Tod. “Social Media: Big Lessons from the Boston Marathon Bombing.”
Government Technology. http://www.govtech.com/public-safety/Social-Media-Big-
Lessons-from-the-Boston-Marathon-Bombing.html. 24 September. 2014. Web. 26 August.
2017.
Swann, Patricia. “How the Boston Police Used Twitter During a Time of Terror.” Public
Relations Society of America.
http://apps.prsa.org/Intelligence/Tactics/Articles/view/10197/1078/How_the_Boston_Polic
e_Used_Twitter_During_a_Time_o#.Wa-QltOGP3A. 24 May. 2013. Web. 22 August.
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The Wrap. Boston Bombing Project Moving Forward as TV Miniseries (Exclusive). 2014.
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moving-forward-miniseries-eone-tv-exclusive/. Accessed 12 October. 2017.
University of Washington. Network Graph. 2014. Online. Hold that RT: Much misinformation
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that-rt-much-misinformation-tweeted-after-2013-boston-marathon-bombing/. Accessed 29
September. 2017.
@bostonpolice. “CAPTURED!!! The hunt is over. The search is done. The terror is over. And
justice has one. Suspect is in custody.” Twitter. 19 April. 2013. 5:58 p.m.,
https://twitter.com/bostonpolice/status/325413032110989313.