PROMINENT SEAPORT IN INDIA

 SHIVANKI AGARWAL & SHALINI MISHRA


 SUBMITED TO ;-
 DR MUKESH RANGA
 [C.SJM UNIVERCITY,KANPUR]

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHINNAI PORT
COCHIN PORT
ENNORE PORT
JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU
PORT
VISAKHAPATNAM
PORT
KANDALA PORT
KOLKATA PORT
MORMUGAO PORT
MUMBAI PORT
MANGALORE PORT
PARADIP PORT
CONCLUSION

 A PORT BECOMES A WHEEL OF ECONOMY IF IT RUNS
EFFICIENTLY.
 PORT IS IMPORTANT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
SINCE A SEAPORT IS THE NERVE OF FORIGN TRADE
PERMITTING IMPORT OF GOODS ,
 WHICH THE COUNTRY DOES NOT ITSELF PRODUCE
IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY AND THE EXPORT OF
ITEMS WHICH THE COUNTRY HAS A SURPLUS OR HAS
A COMPETITIVE EDGE TO PRODUCE CONTRIBUTING
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS ECONOMY.BESIDES,A
PORT IS ALSO A PLACE FOR THE PROVISION OF
FURTHER SERVICES ,WHICH ADD VALUE TO THE
PRODUCTS TRANSPORTED AND THUS HELPS THE
INCREASING DEMAND OF TRADE.
 INDIA HAS A VAST COAST LINE OF ABOUT 7400
KILOMETERS SERVED BY 12 MAJOR PORTS AND ABOUT
185 MINOR PORTS AND PRIVATE PORTS.

 THE MAJOR PORTS ARE THOSE PORTS WHICH
ARE UNDER THE PREVIEW OF THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT AND THE MINOR PORTS ALSO
KNOWN AS NON MAJOR PORTS.HOWEVER,ONLY
61 OF THE 185 MINOR PORTS PROVIDE ROUND
THE YEAR BERTHING FACILITIES.
 MORE OVER ,INDIAN PORTS ACT (IPA) 1908 IS
GOVERNNING ACT WHICH DEFINES THE
JURISDICTION OF CENTER AND STATE
GOVERNMENT OVER PORTS.THUS,INDIA HAS A
LONG COASTLINE,SPANNING 7516.6
KILOMETERES,FORMING ONE OF THE BIGGEST
PENENISULAS IN THE WORLD.IT IS SERVICED BY
13 MAJOR PORTS (12 BY GOVERNMENT AND 1
CORPORATE) AND 187 NOTIFIED MINOR AND
INTERMEDIATE PORTS……………..!!

 Chennai Port is an
emerging hub port
 CHENNAI PORT

on the east coast of
India. This
gateway port for
all cargo has
completed 128
years of service to
India's maritime
trade.
 It was formerly
known as Madras
Port. The initial

 piers were built in 1861, but the storms of 1868 and
1872 made them inoperative.
 So an artificial harbour was built and the operations
were started in 1881.In the first couple of years the
port registered traffic of 30,00,00,000 tonnes of cargo
handling 600 ships.
 After independence the development activities of the
port began.The topography of the port changed in
1964 when the Jawahar dock with capacity to berth 6
vessels to handle dry bulk cargoes was carved out on
the southern side.
 The Chennai port's share of Iron ore export from
India is 12 per cent.

 It has handled 6,10,57,000 tonnes of
cargo from April 2009 to March 2010.
 In 1983, the port heralded the country's
first dedicated container terminal
facility. Having the capability of
handling fourth generation vessels, the
terminal is ranked in the top 100
container ports in the world.
 Atulya Mira is the chairman of the port.

 The Chennai port is one among the major ports
having terminal shunting yard and running
their own Railway operations inside the
harbour on the east coast.

  Cochin is the fastest
growing maritime
gateway to peninsular
India. The Port of
Cochin is located on
the south west coast of
India.
  It is situated on the
Willingdon Island
which is an artificial
Island tucked inside
the backwaters. It was
established in 1926.

  The Cochin port was formed naturally due the
great floods of Periyar in 1341 AD, which choked
the Muziris port (Kodungallur), one of the
greatest ports in ancient world.
  Ever since the choking of Muziris, Cochin
became one of the major ports with extensive
trading relations
 Romans, Greeks and Arabs, all lured by the
traditional spice wealth of the state

  The port further attracted European colonialists
like Portuguese, Dutch and finally British who
extended their supremacy over Kochi Kingdom
and the port city of Fort Kochi.
  The traditional port was located near
Mattancherry (which still continues as
Mattancherry Wharf).
 It has handled 1,74,29,000 tonnes of cargo from
April 2009 to March 2010.

  Amongst all major Indian ports, Cochin is the
closest to the International East West Shipping
routes. This geo-strategic location of Cochin
gives it a distinct advantage.
  It is all-weather natural Port, it is located
strategically close to the busiest international sea
routes from the Gulf to Singapore and Europe to
the Far East circuits.

  The logistically sensitive port is emerging as
the most preferred investment destination for
maritime commerce.
  The chairman of Cochin port is N
Ramachandran.

  Ennore Port is the first
port in India which is a
public company. It is
designed as Asia's energy
port, has only 86
employees.
  Ennore Port was
originally conceived as a
satellite port to the
Chennai Port, primarily
to handle thermal coal to
meet the requirement of
Tamil Nadu Electricity
Board.

  It was commissioned in 2001 and full-fledged
operations were started since December 2002. It
has handled 1,07,03,000 tonnes of cargo from
April 2009 to March 2010.
  The port has effectively taken over all the ore
movement from the Chennai port. By 2016, the
port is expected to have the capacity to handle
over 80 million tonnes of cargo and its coal-
handling capacity is expected to be about 43
million tonnes.

  The port has adequate road and rail links. The
port has obtained an in-principle approval from
Southern Railway for providing rail connectivity
to coal and iron ore stackyards.
  S Velumani is the chairman-cum-managing
director of the port.

  Jawaharlal Nehru
Port The sea port is
named after the first
Prime Minister of
India, Jawaharlal
Nehru.
 Jawaharlal Nehru
Port Trust is the
busiest port in India

 The port is run by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust,
an organization entrusted with the operations of the
large shipping port in Navi Mumbai, India and
controlled by the Central Government of India. The
port lies on the mainland, opposite the city of
Mumbai across the Thane Creek. The port was
created to augment the shipping capacity in Mumbai
and provide an alternative to merchants wanting to
save octroi charges imposed by the Brihanmum bai
Municipal Corporation. JNPT also has daily ferry
service to Gateway of India. The Central Industrial
Security

 Force is the designated security agency for the
port.
 It is well connected to major highways and rail
networks in India. The closest suburban
railheads are CBD Belapur and Panvel. The port
handles 65% of India's container traffic.

  Plumes of coal dust
have become a part of
everyday life in
Visakhapatnam, the
port city that handles a
quarter of India's
coking coal imports by
major ports. Coal is
manually unloaded
from vessels and
shovelled onto trucks
that take it to an open
stack yard from where
winds carry coal dust to
the city.

 But from October, a two-kilometre-long
conveyor belt will transfer coal directly from
vessels to rail wagons that will take the
mineral to steel mills in Andhra Pradesh and
other states. The Rs 600-crore mechanised coal
handling facility is being built by Sterile
Industries, a Vedanta group company, under a
public-private partnership (PPP) agreement
signed with the Visakhapatnam Port Trust in
October 2010.

 It will not only reduce coal-dust pollution in the city
but also cut the turnaround time for vessels at the
port. But the project is an exception in a sector where
most ventures are

  running behind schedule.

 The government embarked on the PPP route for
modernisation and expansion projects at major ports
in the 1990s. India has 12 major ports, including in
Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai and Mumbai.
These handled about three-fifths of India's cargo
traffic in 2011/12.

 But they are choked to capacity and their market
share has fallen from 74 per cent in 2003/04 to 61
per cent in 2011/12. The government aims to
triple India's total port capacity to 3.1 billion
tonnes by 2020. This requires investment of
roughly Rs 3 trillion (one trillion equals one lakh
crore), mostly by the private sector.

  Kandla is a seaport in
Kutch district of Gujarat
state in western India. It
is located on the Gulf of
Kutch and is one of major
ports on the west coast.
  Kandla was
constructed in the 1950s
as the chief seaport
serving western India,
after the partition of
India from Pakistan left
the port of Karachi in
Pakistan.

  Kolkata is the oldest major
port in the country.It is the
only riverine port with two
dock systems -- Kolkata dock
system at Kolkata with the oil
wharves at Baj Baja and a deep
water dock system at Haldia
dock complex.
  It was initially conceived to
promote and protect the British
colonial interest. The affairs of
the port were brought under
the administrative control of
the government with the
appoinment of a Port
Commission in 1870.

  The port remains one of the pioneering and
most promising ports of India. It commands a
vast hinterland that comprises almost half of the
Indian states (whole of the eastern and north-
eastern regions) and the two neighbouring
countries - the Himalayan Kingdoms of Nepal
and Bhutan.
  Kolkata Dock System is situated on the left
bank of the river Hooghly and has a
comprehensive range of facilities to handle and
transport various cargo including heavy lifts.

  It also has the largest dry dock facilities in
India.
  The Kolkata Port has been adjudged as the
best managed port in the country recently .
  It has handled 4,62,95,000 tonnes (Haldia dock
complex - 3,32,50,000 tonnes + Kolkata dock
system - 1,30,45,000 tonnes) of cargo from April
2009 to March 2010.M L Meena is the chairman
of Kolkata Port.

  Mormugao Port is one
of the oldest ports on the
west coast of India.
  It is the premier iron
ore exporting port of
India with an annual
throughput of around
26.74 million tonnes of
iron ore traffic. It was
commissioned in 1888.
  With the emergence of
mining as a major
industry in Goa, a master
plan was evolved by the
Portuguese for the

 development of Mormugao   The exploitation of iron ore
Port as an iron ore terminal. mines in Goa on a commercial
  In accordance with this, in scale since 1947, brought about
1959 M/s Chowgule & Co. Pvt. revolutionary changes in the
Ltd., was permitted to set up pattern of Mormugao Port
Asia's very first Mechanical traffic.
Ore Handling Plant. The   Mormugao was declared a
Liberation of Goa on December major port in 1964.
19, 1961 marked the end of an   Today, the iron exported
epoch in Goan history. through Mormugao constitutes
  Mormugao Port, went 39 per cent of the total iron ore
through a fair amount of exports from India.
change as the emphasis shifted   It has handled 4,88,47,000
to development of tonnes of cargo from April 2009
infrastructure. A couple of to March 2010.
years after liberation, the port   Praveen Agarwal is the
was delinked from the Railway chairman of the port.
management.

  Mumbai Port was   Mumbai port has three
established as the Bombay enclosed wet docks. It also
Port Trust on June 26, 1873. provides 63 anchorage
Its first chairman was Col J points
A Ballard.   It has handled 5,45,43,000
  It has completed 135 tonnes of cargo from April
years of dedicated service to 2009 to March 2010.
the nation.   Rahul Asthana is the
 chairman of Mumbai Port.
 Mumbai port handles 11 per
cent of the total sea-borne
traffic of India.
  The deep waters in the
harbour provide secure and
ample shelter for shipping
throughout the year.

 The New Mangalore Port,
the only major port of
Karnataka was formally
inaugurated by the then Prime
Minister of India, Indira
Gandhi, on January 11, 1975.
 The provisions of the Major
Ports Trust Act 1963 were
applied to New Mangalore Port
in 1980. The major
commodities exported through
the port are iron ore
concentrates & pellets, iron ore
fines, granite stones,
containerised cargo etc.
 It has handled 3,55,28,000
tonnes of cargo from April 2009
to March 2010.

 The major imports of the port are
crude and petroleum, oil and lubricants
(POL) products, LPG, wood pulp,
timber logs, finished fertilisers, liquid
ammonia, phosphoric acid, other liquid
chemicals, containerised cargo, etc.
 P Tamilvanan is the chairman of
New Mangalore Port

  Paradip Port is one of the
major ports of India serving
the eastern and central parts of
the country. It is situated 210
nautical miles south of Kolkata
and 260 nautical miles north of
Visakhapatnam

  The port mainly deals with
bulk cargo apart from other
clean cargoes.
  Late Chief Minister of
Orissa Biju Pattanaik is the
founder father of Paradip Port.
Jawaharlal Nehru the then
Prime Minister of India laid
the foundation stone of the
Port on January 3, 1962.

 The government of India took over the management
of the port from the government of Orissa on 1st June
1965.
It has handled 5,70,11,000 tonnes of cargo from April
2009 to March 2010.
 The construction of the Iron ore berth was completed
in1966. Government of India declared Paradip as the
eighth major port of India on April 18, 1966 making it
the first major port on the east coast commissioned in
independent India.

Biplav Kumar is the chairman of Paradip Port.


 Considering the current situation of
major ports in India as well as
Maharashtra,
 It is very well seen that jnpt ports is
performing very well as compared to the
other Indian ports.
 We have no compare Indian ports to that
of international ally exactly judge the
short comings of the Indian ports the
possible solutions to over come these
problems.

PROMINENT SEAPORT IN INDIA

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