Medical Presentation

1. Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD)
Presented by: Noel Christian
Group 6

2. Introduction
• Coronary artery disease (also called CAD) is the most
common type of heart disease. It is also the leading cause
of death for both men and women in the United States.
• It occurs when fatty deposits called plaque build up inside
the coronary arteries.
• The coronary arteries wrap around the heart and supply it
with blood and oxygen.When plaque builds up, it narrows
the arteries and reduces the amount of oxygen rich blood
that gets to the heart muscles.

3. • Eventually, the decreased blood flow may cause chest
pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other coronary
artery disease signs and symptoms. A complete blockage
can cause a heart attack.
• Because coronary artery disease often develops over
decades, you might not notice a problem until you have a
significant blockage or a heart attack

4. Causes CAD?
CoronaryArtery Disease (CAD) starts when certain factors
damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries.
These factors include:
• Smoking
• High levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood
• High blood pressure
• High levels of sugar in the blood due to insulin
resistance or diabetes
• Blood vessel inflammation

5. • Once the inner wall of an artery is damaged, plaque made
of cholesterol tend to accumulate at the site of injury in a
process called atherosclerosis.
• If the surface of the plaque breaks , blood cells called
platelets will clump at the site to try to repair the artery.
This clump can block the artery, leading to a heart attack.

7. Signs & Symptoms
Some are as follows:
• Chest pain (angina):You may feel pressure or tightness
in your chest.
• Shortness of breath
• Heart attack (Classic Sign)
Women are somewhat more likely than men are to
experience less typical signs and symptoms of a heart
attack, such as neck or jaw pain. Sometimes a heart attack
occurs without any apparent signs or symptoms.

8. Risk Factors
Risk factors for coronary artery disease include:
• Age
• Sex (M F )
• Family history
• Smoking
• Overweight or obesity
• Increased levels of Cholestrols
• High blood pressure
Risk factors often occur in clusters ( Obesity & Diabetes )

9. Sometimes coronary artery disease develops without any
classic risk factors. Researchers are studying other possible
factors, including:
• Sleep apnea:This disorder causes you to repeatedly stop
and start breathing while you're sleeping.
• High sensitivity C-reactive protein: inflammation
• High triglycerides
• Homocysteine: Amino acid

10. Complications
• Coronary artery disease can lead to:
• Chest pain (angina)
• Heart attack (Muscle weakness)
• Heart failure (heart is too weak to pump)
• Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)

11. Diagnosis
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Echocardiogram (Image of heart)
• Stress test
• Cardiac catheterization or angiogram
• Heart scan (CT)

12. Treatment
Aspirin therapy.
• Beta blockers - are a class of medications that relax the
blood vessels and slow the heart rate. It thereby improves
blood flow to the heart, decreases blood pressure and
symptoms of angina, and has been shown to improve
survival after a heart attack.
• Medicine for life and it varies from person to person.

13. Self Management
Lifestyle changes can help you prevent or slow the
progression of coronary artery disease.
• Stop smoking
• Control your blood pressure (120/80)
• Check your cholesterol (LDL and HDL)
• Keep diabetes under control

14. • Get moving
• Eat healthy foods
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Manage stress
• regular medical checkups

15. Latest News
Mammograms May Also Help Spot Heart Disease
Mammograms :In women, this equipment is used to scan
for calcium deposits in breasts.
The heart too can also be scanned in this manner to check
for calcium deposits.
The higher the amount of calcium the greater the
possibility for damaging the
walls of arteries.

16. References
• "Coronary heart disease - causes, symptoms,
prevention". Southern Cross Healthcare Group. Retrieved 15
September 2013.
• "Coronary heart disease“. NIH. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
• Wong, ND (May 2014). "Epidemiological studies of CHD and
the evolution of preventive cardiology.". Nature reviews.
Cardiology 11 (5): 276–
89. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26.PMID24663092
• "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart
Disease?“
• "Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)". cdc.gov. 12 March 2013.
Retrieved 23 February2015.
• Mendis, Shanthi; Puska, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global
atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and
control (PDF) (1st ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization

17. • PROMISE of Coronary CT Angiography: Precise and Accurate
Diagnosis and Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease.Thomas
DM, Branch KR, Cury RC.South Med
J.2016Apr;109(4):2427.doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000436.
PMID: 27043808
• MicroRNAs for Restenosis andThrombosis AfterVascular
Injury.Gareri C, De Rosa S, Indolfi C.Circ Res. 2016 Apr
1;118(7):1170-84. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.308237.
Review.PMID: 27034278
Images:
• http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/2
95/295738/mammogram-machine.jpg
• http://tfosuccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/mcu.jpg
• http://3.imimg.com/data3/XG/TO/MY-3885662/medical-check-
up-services-250x250.jpg
• http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/ct-scan-heart-17951270.jpg

18. “
”
Thank You
Done By Noel Christian