Shakema Haynes....ABSTRACT1
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This document discusses research into producing activated carbons from lignin, a byproduct of converting forest residuals into jet fuel. The researchers used chemical activation with potassium hydroxide on lignin samples, varying the maximum activation temperature and potassium hydroxide to lignin ratio. After washing and drying the activated carbons, gas adsorption experiments were conducted to characterize the surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution and understand how the activation temperature and ratio affected the properties.
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This document summarizes research on producing activated carbon from lignin through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Lignin was obtained from Douglas fir forest residuals and mixed with KOH at different ratios before being carbonized at various temperatures. Nitrogen adsorption tests showed that pore volume, surface area, and pore size distribution depended on KOH ratio and temperature. Higher temperatures and KOH ratios resulted in more mesoporous carbon with larger surface areas, while lower temperatures produced microporous carbon. The optimal conditions were a KOH:lignin ratio of 3 and temperature of 750°C.
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Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study of phenols
Activated carbon was prepared from lignocellulosic
material (Eucalyptus Globulus labill seed) by
chemical activation with ZnCl2 at two different concentrations
(10 and 25 % m/v) named ACS25 and ACS10. The
textural characteristics of the activated carbons (ACs) were
determined by N2 adsorption isotherms; these exhibit
B.E.T. surface areas of 250 and 300 m2 g-1 for ACS25 and
ACS10, respectively, with micropore volume contents of
0.140 and 0.125 cm3 g-1 in the same order. In addition, the
FTIR and Boehm methods were conducted for the chemical
characterisation of ACs, where many groups with basic
character were found, which favours the adsorption of
phenols. The prepared carbonaceous adsorbents were used
in the adsorption of wide pollutants monosubstituted phenol
derivatives: phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 4-chlorophenol.
The effect of temperature on the thermodynamics, kinetic
and equilibrium of phenols adsorption on ACs was thoroughly
examined. The adsorption kinetics adjusted properly
for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. However, the
Elovich model (chemisorption) confirms that phenols
adsorption did not occur via the sharing of electrons
between the phenolic ring and basal plane of ACs because
is not properly adjusted, so the process is given by
physisorption. The thermodynamic parameters [i.e. Gibbs
free energy change (DG), enthalpy change (DH) and
entropy change (DS)] were also evaluated.
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This document describes a study on producing activated carbon from agricultural waste. Researchers tested two types of agricultural waste - rice husk and paper mill waste - as precursors for activated carbon production. They characterized the wastes using CHNS elemental analysis and proximate analysis to determine which was superior. Paper mill waste was found to be a better precursor. It was chemically activated using zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, and potassium chloride. The researchers optimized production conditions and characterized the activated carbon produced in terms of iodine value, yield percentage, apparent density, ash content, and moisture content. The activated carbon with the highest iodine value of 764.80 mg/g was produced using zinc chloride as the activating agent.
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazoni...
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazonian biomass as an activated carbon for methane adsorption - ScienceDirect.pdf
2017 ECS San Francisco Section Cubicciotti Award Ceremony Talk
Invited by the Electrochemical Society San Francisco Section to give the presentation to highlight my research and extracurricular activities. The award ceremony was held on the campus of UC Berkeley.
Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study of phenols
Activated carbon was prepared from lignocellulosic
material (Eucalyptus Globulus labill seed) by
chemical activation with ZnCl2 at two different concentrations
(10 and 25 % m/v) named ACS25 and ACS10. The
textural characteristics of the activated carbons (ACs) were
determined by N2 adsorption isotherms; these exhibit
B.E.T. surface areas of 250 and 300 m2 g-1 for ACS25 and
ACS10, respectively, with micropore volume contents of
0.140 and 0.125 cm3 g-1 in the same order. In addition, the
FTIR and Boehm methods were conducted for the chemical
characterisation of ACs, where many groups with basic
character were found, which favours the adsorption of
phenols. The prepared carbonaceous adsorbents were used
in the adsorption of wide pollutants monosubstituted phenol
derivatives: phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 4-chlorophenol.
The effect of temperature on the thermodynamics, kinetic
and equilibrium of phenols adsorption on ACs was thoroughly
examined. The adsorption kinetics adjusted properly
for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. However, the
Elovich model (chemisorption) confirms that phenols
adsorption did not occur via the sharing of electrons
between the phenolic ring and basal plane of ACs because
is not properly adjusted, so the process is given by
physisorption. The thermodynamic parameters [i.e. Gibbs
free energy change (DG), enthalpy change (DH) and
entropy change (DS)] were also evaluated.
JOPO SCI-3
1) Carbon foam was produced with 2-8% aluminum powder added to improve thermal and mechanical properties. During carbonization, aluminum reacted with carbon to form Al4C3 and AlN, increasing conductivity and strength.
2) Samples with 6% aluminum showed a density of 0.5-0.58 g/cm3, porosity of 64-68%, conductivity of 0.043-0.385 W/mK, and compressive strength of 17-32 MPa.
3) Carbon foam with 8% aluminum self-destructed after 2 weeks due to formation of Al4C3 and Al(OH)3 from reaction with atmospheric moisture, starting from the core and proceeding out
2014_Nguyen et al._The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
This document describes a study that developed a pilot plant to catalytically convert LignoBoost Kraft lignin into bio-oil and chemicals using near-critical water. The conversion took place continuously in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor filled with ZrO2 pellets at 350°C and 25 MPa. Lignin was dispersed in an aqueous solution containing K2CO3 and phenol. The products consisted of an aqueous phase containing phenolic chemicals and a bio-oil with higher heating value than the lignin feed. Preliminary results showed that increasing the K2CO3 content increased the yield of 1-ring aromatic compounds from 17% to 27% based on dry lignin.
Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...
This document summarizes a study on the adsorption of cadmium and lead ions from aqueous solution using bamboo-based activated carbon. Key findings include:
1) Unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon achieved 87.81% removal of cadmium at pH 5 and 96.45% removal of lead at pH 11.
2) Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 1 hour for cadmium and 2.5 hours for lead.
3) Adsorption isotherm data fitted the Freundlich, Temkin, and Hills isotherm models well, suggesting chemisorption as the adsorption mechanism.
4) Kinetic data correlated best with the pseudo-
Presentation1.pptx
The document discusses the synthesis of carbon materials from biomass and organic wastes for energy storage applications. Such carbon materials have hetero-atoms and pores that increase capacitance. Attempts have been made to prepare porous activated carbon from biomass through chemical activation using reagents like KOH or physical activation using high-temperature heat treatment. The document then describes a process where rice straw was collected, dried, carbonized at 600°C, mixed with KOH and heated to form porous activated carbon for electrode materials in supercapacitors.
Nickel and cobalt transfigured natural clay: a green catalyst for low-tempera...
Soot particulates in engine exhausts pose a severe threat to the environment and human health – causing cancer, affecting the heart and lungs and drives metal processes. This study proposes a practical,
real-world application of transition metal modified natural clay as an environmentally benign, low-cost,
green catalyst for soot oxidation. Ni and Co (NC-Clay) incorporated natural clay catalysts were prepared
by a simple wet impregnation method and meticulously characterized by different characterization
techniques. The catalyst exhibited higher H2 absorption at a lower temperature with similar trends as
observed in O2 TPD that indicated a remarkable redox property, which is useful for applications as a
catalyst in soot oxidation. Excellent catalytic activity with a very low T50 of 358 1C was observed and can
be accredited to the improved surface oxygen vacancies and thermal stability by the metal modification
of clay
Sublimation CI SCI-2
This document summarizes a study on the ablation behavior of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites under different temperature conditions simulated using an arc plasma heater. Three key points:
1) C/C composite samples were tested in oxygen-lean (~4750 K) and oxygen-rich (~2467 K) temperature regimes in the plasma heater to study the effects of sublimation and oxidation on ablation rates. Ablation rate increased with higher oxygen conditions.
2) Back-face temperatures and residual compressive strength were tested on samples exposed to the extreme temperature conditions. The 4750 K sample showed toughening in the affected zone while the 2467 K sample showed lower strength and modulus.
Urop Poster
The document discusses determining the isoelectric point of polymer coatings created using chemical vapor deposition. Chemical vapor deposition is used to create thin, pinhole-free polymer coatings with various functional groups on gold substrates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and streaming potential measurements are then used to characterize the coatings and determine their isoelectric points as a function of pH. The results show that the isoelectric points differ between coatings with different functional groups and thicknesses, influenced by the functional groups and electronegativity of the polymer backbone.
1-s2.0-S0958946522004498-main.pdf
This study investigates using air pollution control residue (APCr) as a partial replacement for commercial sodium silicate activator in producing hybrid alkali-activated fly ash/slag (AAFS) pastes. APCr contains a high percentage of alkali metals like sodium and can potentially be used as an alternative alkaline activator. AAFS pastes containing partial replacements of 8%, 16%, and 24% APCr showed similar strength and microstructure properties compared to pastes without APCr. Characterization techniques revealed that reaction products included geopolymer gel, cross-linked gel, and alkali-activated gel, contributing 60-66% of paste volume. Calorimetry and thermogravime
IRJET- Literature Review of Removal of Heavy Metals using Coconut Shell b...
This document provides a literature review on the removal of heavy metals from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from coconut shell. It discusses that activated carbon from coconut shells has a microporous structure making it an efficient adsorbent for removing heavy metals like copper. Studies have found that activated carbon can remove up to 70% of copper from water with an initial concentration of 2 ppm, pH of 5, and adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L. Activated carbon composites like activated carbon-iron oxide nano composites have also been shown to improve removal efficiency of heavy metals.
Graphene
This document summarizes research on graphene-based composite materials and their applications in energy storage devices and sensors. It discusses how graphene possesses unique electronic and mechanical properties and can be produced through various methods. Graphene composites with conducting polymers and metal oxides have been used in supercapacitors and shown to provide high specific capacitance values. Graphene composites have also been applied as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries, demonstrating high reversible capacity and cycling stability. Additionally, graphene composites with metals like platinum and gold have been investigated as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano F...
A Nano fluid is the evolving concept which is very rarely used in the many core industries. Nano fluids have
found a great application in heat exchangers by increasing the thermal conductivity. We have aimed to
increasing the heat transfer co-efficient by using copper oxide Nano fluid. The Nano particles are formed by
using precipitation method and their fluids are formed by adding surfactants to the base fluid. The comparative
study on the Heat exchanger is made by using the CuO Nano Fluid and Hot water. The analysis and the results
shows that the overall heat transfer rate increases when subjected to Nano Fluids. The ethylene glycol fluid used
along with copper oxide Nano fluid will offer resistance to fouling.
20320140504001
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
High Quality Methane Production through biomass gasification
1) The document presents Muhammad Nauman Yousaf's master's thesis on producing high quality methane through biomass gasification.
2) Through chemical equilibrium modeling in Aspen Plus, Yousaf analyzed the effects of parameters like steam/biomass ratio, temperature, and pressure on syngas composition and methane yield.
3) The results showed that lower gasification temperatures favor higher methane production, and steam is a better oxidizing agent than oxygen or air for syngas quality and heating value. Membrane separation or adsorption were identified as potential techniques for isolating methane from syngas.
Similar to Shakema Haynes....ABSTRACT1 (20)
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazoni...
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazoni...
2017 ECS San Francisco Section Cubicciotti Award Ceremony Talk
2017 ECS San Francisco Section Cubicciotti Award Ceremony Talk
Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study of phenols
Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study of phenols
2014_Nguyen et al._The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
2014_Nguyen et al._The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...
Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...
Nickel and cobalt transfigured natural clay: a green catalyst for low-tempera...
Nickel and cobalt transfigured natural clay: a green catalyst for low-tempera...
IRJET- Literature Review of Removal of Heavy Metals using Coconut Shell b...
IRJET- Literature Review of Removal of Heavy Metals using Coconut Shell b...
Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano F...
Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano F...
High Quality Methane Production through biomass gasification
High Quality Methane Production through biomass gasification
Shakema Haynes....ABSTRACT1
- 1. Shakema Haynes1, Ian Dallmeyer2 1University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Industrial Technology Management and Applied Engineering, Sophomore 2Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University ABSTRACT: The NARA co-products team is seeking to generate value-added co-products from the lignin produced during the conversion of softwood forest residuals to jet fuel. Activated carbons (ACs) are porous materials used for a variety of applications, mostly as adsorbents. In this research, AC was produced by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH). Chemical activation with KOH was chosen in order to obtain highly activated materials for demanding adsorption applications. A series of AC materials was prepared from a common precursor by varying the maximum activation temperature and the KOH-to-lignin ratio. After washing away the activation agent and drying the materials, gas physisorption experiments were conducted to characterize the porous structure of the ACs. The objective of these experiments was to gain an understanding of the effect of temperature and KOH:lignin ratio on the surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the AC materials, which have a strong influence on the effectiveness of ACs in specific adsorption applications.