This document discusses probability distributions and their applications in statistical hydrology. It begins by explaining discrete and continuous random variables and their probability functions. It then covers several specific probability distributions including binomial, Poisson, normal, lognormal, gamma, exponential and Gumbel distributions. Examples are provided to illustrate how these distributions can be used to calculate probabilities of hydrologic events like floods or rainfall.
This document discusses correlation and statistical methods for examining the relationship between two variables. It defines correlation and describes how correlation can indicate the direction, strength, and significance of a relationship. Different types of correlation are described, including simple, multiple, partial, and total correlation. Methods for calculating and interpreting the correlation coefficient are provided along with examples of exploring relationships between hydrological variables.
This document discusses stochastic methods in hydrology, specifically Markov transition matrices and cumulative distribution functions. It describes how to calculate daily monsoon rainfall using a Markov chain model with four rainfall classes. The initial condition and transition probabilities are given. It also discusses stationary time series, linear stochastic models including moving averages, autoregressive models and autoregressive moving average models. Double moving averages are presented to remove trends and improve forecasts.
This document discusses regression analysis and its application in hydrology. It begins by defining regression as a statistical technique used to determine the functional relationship between two variables. Simple linear regression finds the best fit linear equation to describe the relationship between a dependent and independent variable. Regression can be used to predict outcomes, describe relationships, and control for variables. The document provides examples of applying regression to predict erosion based on wave height data. It explains how to calculate the regression equation and error term.
This document discusses multiple linear regression techniques. It begins by explaining that multiple linear regression is used to predict a dependent variable from a set of independent variables. It then provides details on assumptions that must be satisfied, how to identify and handle outliers, and the steps involved in performing multiple linear regression analysis. Examples are also provided to illustrate key concepts.
This document discusses trend analysis of time series data. It defines time series as measurements of a variable taken at regular intervals over time. Time series can show trends, seasonal variations, cyclical variations, and irregular variations. Trend analysis determines if there is a significant increasing or decreasing trend in the data over time. Linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests are common methods used to test for trends and estimate their magnitude. The selection of an appropriate trend analysis method depends on characteristics of the water resources data such as distributions, outliers, and missing values.
The document discusses various statistical hypothesis tests that can be used to analyze hydrological data, including the t-test and ANOVA. It provides examples of how to set up null and alternative hypotheses, calculate relevant statistics like t-statistics and F-statistics, and make decisions about whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing these statistics to critical values. One example analyzes groundwater depth data from three catchments using ANOVA to test if depths differ between catchments.
This document discusses statistical hydrology and summarizing data. It describes defining problems, collecting relevant data through sampling techniques, and assessing data quality before analysis. Statistical hydrology involves collecting and analyzing variable, limited water resources data to make decisions and scientific discoveries. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize datasets while inferential statistics enable inferences about unknown aspects.
The document discusses concepts related to statistical analysis of hydrological data, including measures of skewness, kurtosis, outliers, and the common characteristics of water resources data. Skewness measures asymmetry in a distribution, while kurtosis measures peakedness. Outliers are identified using methods like Chauvenet's criterion, Grubbs' test, and Dixon's Q test. Water resources data commonly has a lower bound of zero, outliers, non-normal distributions, positive skewness, seasonal patterns, and positive autocorrelation between consecutive observations.
This document discusses correlation and statistical methods for examining the relationship between two variables. It defines correlation and describes how correlation can indicate the direction, strength, and significance of a relationship. Different types of correlation are described, including simple, multiple, partial, and total correlation. Methods for calculating and interpreting the correlation coefficient are provided along with examples of exploring relationships between hydrological variables.
This document discusses stochastic methods in hydrology, specifically Markov transition matrices and cumulative distribution functions. It describes how to calculate daily monsoon rainfall using a Markov chain model with four rainfall classes. The initial condition and transition probabilities are given. It also discusses stationary time series, linear stochastic models including moving averages, autoregressive models and autoregressive moving average models. Double moving averages are presented to remove trends and improve forecasts.
This document discusses regression analysis and its application in hydrology. It begins by defining regression as a statistical technique used to determine the functional relationship between two variables. Simple linear regression finds the best fit linear equation to describe the relationship between a dependent and independent variable. Regression can be used to predict outcomes, describe relationships, and control for variables. The document provides examples of applying regression to predict erosion based on wave height data. It explains how to calculate the regression equation and error term.
This document discusses multiple linear regression techniques. It begins by explaining that multiple linear regression is used to predict a dependent variable from a set of independent variables. It then provides details on assumptions that must be satisfied, how to identify and handle outliers, and the steps involved in performing multiple linear regression analysis. Examples are also provided to illustrate key concepts.
This document discusses trend analysis of time series data. It defines time series as measurements of a variable taken at regular intervals over time. Time series can show trends, seasonal variations, cyclical variations, and irregular variations. Trend analysis determines if there is a significant increasing or decreasing trend in the data over time. Linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests are common methods used to test for trends and estimate their magnitude. The selection of an appropriate trend analysis method depends on characteristics of the water resources data such as distributions, outliers, and missing values.
The document discusses various statistical hypothesis tests that can be used to analyze hydrological data, including the t-test and ANOVA. It provides examples of how to set up null and alternative hypotheses, calculate relevant statistics like t-statistics and F-statistics, and make decisions about whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing these statistics to critical values. One example analyzes groundwater depth data from three catchments using ANOVA to test if depths differ between catchments.
This document discusses statistical hydrology and summarizing data. It describes defining problems, collecting relevant data through sampling techniques, and assessing data quality before analysis. Statistical hydrology involves collecting and analyzing variable, limited water resources data to make decisions and scientific discoveries. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize datasets while inferential statistics enable inferences about unknown aspects.
The document discusses concepts related to statistical analysis of hydrological data, including measures of skewness, kurtosis, outliers, and the common characteristics of water resources data. Skewness measures asymmetry in a distribution, while kurtosis measures peakedness. Outliers are identified using methods like Chauvenet's criterion, Grubbs' test, and Dixon's Q test. Water resources data commonly has a lower bound of zero, outliers, non-normal distributions, positive skewness, seasonal patterns, and positive autocorrelation between consecutive observations.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
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“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Shahid Lecture-13-MKAG1273
1. MAL1303: STATISTICAL
HYDROLOGY
Frequency Distribution
Dr. Shamsuddin Shahid
Associate Professor
Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Room No.: M46-332; Phone: 07-5531624;
Email: sshahid@utm.my
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2. Discrete Distributions
Binomial Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Continuous Distributions
Normal Distribution
Lognormal Distribution
Gamma Distribution
Exponential Distribution
Gumbel Distribution
Different Types of Probability Distribution
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3. Random variables can be two types:
1. Discrete random variables have a countable number of
outcomes. For example: Flood/No Flood, Rainy days in a year,
etc.
2. Continuous random variables have an infinite continuum of
possible values. Fro example: Rainfall, River Discharge, etc.
Random Variable: Types
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4. A probability function maps the
possible values of random variable
(x) against their respective
probabilities of occurrence, p(x)
p(x) is a number from 0 to 1.0.
The area under a probability
function is always 1.
Probability Function
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5. A probability mass function (pmf)
is a function that gives the
probability that a discrete random
variable is exactly equal to some
value.
The probability mass function is
often the primary means of
defining a discrete probability
distribution.
Probability Mass Function (pmf)
x p(x)
1 p(x=1) = 1/6
2 p(x=2) = 1/6
3 p(x=3) = 1/6
4 p(x=4) = 1/6
5 p(x=5) = 1/6
6 p(x=6) = 1/6
1.0
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6. Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
The cumulative distribution function (CDF), or the distribution function,
describes the probability that a random variable with a given probability
distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.
x p(x)
1 p(x 1) = 1/6
2 p(x 2) = 2/6
3 p(x 3) = 3/6
4 p(x 4) = 4/6
5 p(x 5) = 5/6
6 p(x 6) = 6/6
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7. 1. What’s the probability of getting 2 or less?
2. What’s the probability of getting 5 or higher?
Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
x p(x)
1 p(x 1) = 1/6
2 p(x 2) = 2/6
3 p(x 3) = 3/6
4 p(x 4) = 4/6
5 p(x 5) = 5/6
6 p(x 6) = 6/6
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8. Which of the following are probability functions?
a. f(x)=0.2 for x=1,2,3,4,5
b. f(x)= (x-2)/4 for x=1,2,3,4
c. f(x)= (x2+x-5)/8 for x=2,3,4
Is the Function is a Probability Function
x p(x)
1 f(x=1) = 0.2
2 f(x=2) = 0.2
3 f(x=3) = 0.2
4 f(x=4) = 0.2
5 f(x=5) = 0.2
1.0
x p(x)
1 f(x=1) = -0.25
2 f(x=2) = 0.0
3 f(x=3) = 0.25
4 f(x=4) = 0.5
x p(x)
1 f(x=2) = 0.125
2 f(x=3) = 0.875
3 f(x=4) = 1.875
>1.0
11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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9. Find the probability of storm in a give year:
Exactly 7 storms, p(x=7)= 0.1
At least 7 storms, p(x>=7) = (0.1+0.1) = 0.2
At most 6 storms, p(x<=6) = (0.5 + 0.3) = 0.8
x 5 6 7 8
p(x) 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1
The number of storms occur in a year is represented
by a random variable x. From analysis of historical
data, it was found that the probability distribution for
x is:
Use of Probability
10 year data:
2000 6
2001 5
2002 6
2003 8
2004 7
2005 5
2006 6
2007 5
2008 5
2009 5
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10. Let us consider a negative exponential function,
x
exf
)(
110
0
0
xx
ee
The probability distribution of variable x is called Exponential Distribution.
This function integrates to 1:
Continuous Distribution Function
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11. The probability that x is any
exact particular value (such as x
= 1.2) is 0. We can only assign
probabilities to possible ranges
of x. For example, The
probability of x between 1 and 2
is :
Probability Density Function (PDF)
23036801350
2)xP(1
12
2
1
2
1
...
eee
e
x
x
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12. we can specify the “cumulative distribution function” (CDF), P(x≤A),
AAA
A
x
A
x
eeeeee
110
0
0
Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
0.8650.135-1
-12)P(x 2
e
Probability of random variable
less than or equal to 2,P(x≤2),
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13. Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
0.135
0.865-1
-1-1
2)(x-12)P(x
2
e
Probability of random variable greater than or equal to 2,P(x2),
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14. Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Rainfall
(mm)
49.1 48.5 26.7 50.9 31.8 44.7 78.5 28.5 65.8 66.2 73.6 102.2 78 55.2 45.3
The probability density function of an exponential distribution is
Find the probability the hourly annual maximum rainfall
exceeds a threshold of 38mm, P(X > 38).
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15. Continuous Distributions
Normal Distribution
Lognormal Distribution
Gamma Distribution
Exponential Distribution
Extreme value distribution
Gumbel Distribution
-
-
Different Types of Probability Distribution
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16. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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19. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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20. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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21. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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22. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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23. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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24. Example-1
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25. Example-2
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26. Example-3
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27. Example-3
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28. • One of the simplest continuous distributions in all of statistics
is the continuous uniform distribution.
• This distribution is characterized by a density function that is
“flat,” and thus the probability is uniform in a closed interval.
• Applications of the continuous uniform distribution are not
wide.
• The density function of the continuous uniform random
variable X on the interval [A, B] is
Continuous Uniform Distribution
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29. • The density function forms a rectangle with base B−A and
constant height 1/B−A.
• As a result, the uniform distribution is often called the
rectangular distribution.
Continuous Uniform Distribution
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30. Continuous Uniform Distribution
Suppose that a flood in an area never last for more than 4 days. Both long
and short floods occur quite often. In fact, it can be assumed that the
length X of a flood has a uniform distribution on the interval [0, 4].
(a) What is the probability density function?
(b) What is the probability that any flood lasts at least 3 days?
ANSWER:
(a) The appropriate density function for the uniformly distributed random
variable X in this situation is
(b) P[X 3] =
4
1
4
1
4
3
dx
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31. Continuous Uniform Distribution
The mean and variance of the uniform distribution are:
Mean:
Variance:
2
BA
µ
12
2
2 )AB(
σ
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32. Assume the following rainfall data follows a normal distribution.
Find the rain depth that would have a recurrence interval of 100
years.
Year Annual Rainfall (in)
2000 43
1999 44
1998 38
1997 31
1996 47
….. …..
Mean = 41.5, St. Dev = 6.7 in
Normal Distribution
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33. Solution:
Z = (X − µ)/σ
X = µ + (Z * σ)
x = 41.5 + z(6.7)
Return period, T = 100
Probability of occurrence in a year, 1/T = 1/100 = 0.01
Z = 2.326
X = 41.5 + (2.326 x 6.7) = 57.1 in
Normal Distribution
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34. Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Rainfall
(mm)
49.1 48.5 26.7 50.9 31.8 44.7 78.5 28.5 65.8 66.2 73.6 102.2 78 55.2 45.3
The probability density function of an exponential distribution is
Find the probability the hourly annual maximum rainfall
exceeds a threshold of 38mm, P(X > 38).
11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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35. Frequency Analyses
Primary application of flood
frequency analyses is to predict the
possible flood magnitude over a
certain time period or to estimate
the frequency with which floods of
a certain magnitude may occur.
• Time distribution of flood
• Estimation of the magnitude of
flood
• Estimation of return period
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36. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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37. • A 100-year flood
does not
necessarily occur
only once every
100 years, nor
will it
necessarily occur
only once during
a 100 year
period.
• There is a equal
chance for a
flood of this
magnitude to
occur in any year
or even multiple
times in a single
year.
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38. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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41. Frequency Analysis
Rank the (n) data (Pi) in a descending order, the highest value first
and the lowest value last.
Attach a serial rank number, r to each value (Pi) with r = 1 for the
highest value (Pi) and r = n for the lowest value (Pn)
Calculate the frequency of exceedance F (P>Pi) as:
California r / n
Hazen (r – 0.5)/n
Weibull r / (n+1)
Gringorten (r – 0.44) / (n + 0.12)
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45. Flood Return Period
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48. 11/23/2015 Shamsuddin Shahid, FKA, UTM
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56. • The method of moments equates sample moments to
parameter estimates.
• The moments are measured are mean, variance, skewness
and kurtosis.
• When moment methods are available, they have the
advantage of simplicity.
• The disadvantage is that they are often not available and
they do not have the desirable optimality properties of other
methods.
Using Moments
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57. There are various methods, both numerical and
graphical, to test goodness of fit:
1. Probability plots
2. Statistical tests
Test The Goodness of Fit
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