projct on blockchain

1. Implementing Electoral System using
BlockChain
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Presented by
RAJAT THAPA -22MCA0311
KAPIL YADAV -22MCA0408
AKASH TIWARI-22MCA0216
Under the Guidance of
Ms. Nagalakshmi Vallabhaneni
Asst. Professor
School of Information Technology And Engineering

2. Presentation Outline
Abstract
Problem Description
Overview of Technologies
System Design and Architecture
Literature Survey
Proposed Plan of Work
References
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3. Abstract
Since old times, human civilization have used different electoral systems and
techniques to choose their leaders and to implement democracy but
conducting these old, free and impartial election has been a great problem
for every democracy. To solve this problem "Blockchain Technology" offers
security and transperancy.By this papers we want to introduce the upcoming
evolution in the era of voting and voting experiences , as in past we saw how
successfully the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) replace the Ballot voting
system but now many parties blames on EVM that it is corrupt and perform
malicious voting or biased, we can successfully draw the line of trust by
proposing Blockchain technology in the field of Digital Voting System as the
blockchain is immutable and highly scalable this two key features makes it
best suitable for making a secure system for voting. Finally the blockchain
based application allows solid, robustness, privacy and transparency which
improves the system reliability, secure and reduces the expenditure of
hosting a country wide election.
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4. Problem Description
The Existing System of Election in India is running manually. The Voter
has to Visit to Booths to Vote a Candidate so there is wastage of Time.
Due to this many people don’t go out to cast their vote which is one of
the most important and Worrying factor. In democracy Each and every
vote is important. This Traditional system can be replaced by a new
online system which will limit the voting frauds and make the voting as
well as counting more efficient and transparent. We will going to make
a decentralized voting system which remove the intervention of any
third party which give the citizens the actual value of their vote. The
proposed system is going to be fully transparent, reliable so to maintain
a level of trust in the voters.
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5. Blockchain
Ethereum
Smart Contracts
Solidarity
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Overview of Technologies

6. Introduction To Blockchain
• A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger that is shared among the nodes of a computer network.
As a database, a blockchain stores information electronically in digital format. Blockchains are best
known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency systems, such as Bitcoin, for maintaining a secure and
decentralized record of transactions. The innovation with a blockchain is that it guarantees the fidelity
and security of a record of data and generates trust without the need for a trusted third party.
• Blockchain is a type of shared database that differs from a typical database in the way that it stores
information; blockchains store data in blocks that are then linked together via cryptography.
• As new data comes in, it is entered into a fresh block. Once the block is filled with data, it is chained
onto the previous block, which makes the data chained together in chronological order.
• Different types of information can be stored on a blockchain, but the most common use so far has been
as a ledger for transactions.
• In Bitcoin’s case, blockchain is used in a decentralized way so that no single person or group has
control—rather, all users collectively retain control.
• Decentralized blockchains are immutable, which means that the data entered is irreversible. For Bitcoin,
this means that transactions are permanently recorded and viewable to anyone
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7. General Process of Blockchain 
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8. • At its core, Ethereum is a decentralized global software platform powered
by blockchain technology It is most commonly known for its native
cryptocurrency, ether (ETH).
• Ethereum can be used by anyone to create any secured digital technology. It
has a token designed to pay for work done supporting the blockchain, but
participants can also use it to pay for tangible goods and services if accepted.
• Ethereum is designed to be scalable, programmable, secure, and
decentralized. It is the blockchain of choice for developers and enterprises
creating technology based upon it to change how many industries operate
and how we go about our daily lives.
• It natively supports smart contracts, an essential tool behind decentralized
applications.1 Many decentralized finance (DeFi) and other applications use
smart contracts in conjunction with blockchain technology.
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Introduction to Ethereum

9. General process of Ethereum
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10. Introduction of Smart Contracts
• Smart contracts are simply programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined
conditions are met. They typically are used to automate the execution of an agreement so that
all participants can be immediately certain of the outcome, without any intermediary’s
involvement or time loss. They can also automate a workflow, triggering the next action when
conditions are met.
• Smart contracts work by following simple “if/when…then…” statements that are written into
code on a blockchain. A network of computers executes the actions when predetermined
conditions have been met and verified. These actions could include releasing funds to the
appropriate parties, registering a vehicle, sending notifications, or issuing a ticket. The
blockchain is then updated when the transaction is completed. That means the transaction
cannot be changed, and only parties who have been granted permission can see the results.
• Within a smart contract, there can be as many stipulations as needed to satisfy the participants
that the task will be completed satisfactorily. To establish the terms, participants must
determine how transactions and their data are represented on the blockchain, agree on the
“if/when...then…” rules that govern those transactions, explore all possible exceptions, and
define a framework for resolving disputes.
• Then the smart contract can be programmed by a developer – although increasingly,
organizations that use blockchain for business provide templates, web interfaces, and other
online tools to simplify structuring smart contracts
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11. General Process of Smart Contracts
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12. Introduction of Solidity
• Solidity is an object-oriented, high-level language for implementing
smart contracts. Smart contracts are programs which govern the
behaviour of accounts within the Ethereum state.
• Solidity is a curly-bracket language designed to target the Ethereum
Virtual Machine (EVM). It is influenced by C++, Python and JavaScript.
You can find more details about which languages Solidity has been
inspired by in the language influences section.
• Solidity is statically typed, supports inheritance, libraries and complex
user-defined types among other features.
• With Solidity you can create contracts for uses such as voting,
crowdfunding, blind auctions, and multi-signature wallets.
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13. General process of Solidity
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14. Proposed System Architecture
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15. System Design
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16. LITERATURE SURVEY
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Many lives have been improved by the rapidly developing digital technology. Contrast to the voting system, its
implementation involves a lot of traditional paper usage. Still widespread elections under the traditional system pose a threat
to security and transparency. The decentralised nature of block chain technology and the fact that many users collectively
own the full database make it one of the options.
Without a doubt, a new era on the Internet and online services is being ushered in by the idea of the blockchain, the
underlying technology of the well-known cryptocurrencies Bit coin and its predecessors. In this effort, We will going to
implement a smart contract for electronic voting using the Ethereum wallets and the Solidity language.
The lack of enthusiasm for voting among the young, tech-savvy population may be addressed through e-voting.For e-voting
to become more transparent, independent and auditable, a solution can be it is based on blockchain technology. Although
the future of block chain technology is bright, its existing limitations may prevent it from realising its full potential.
Since the 1970s, many versions of electronic voting have been utilised, and they have many advantages over paper-based
methods, including more efficiency and fewer mistakes. Numerous research and efforts have been undertaken to investigate
whether adopting block chain technology could help with an efficient solution to e-voting, given the remarkable development
in the use of these technologies. It highlighted one such initiative that makes use of----- the advantages of block chain such
as cryptographic foundations and transparency to achieve an effective solution to e-voting. The proposed technique has
been implemented with Multichain, and a thorough analysis of the method shows that it is effective in satisfying the essential
conditions for an electronic voting system. Based on our research, we have determined that current significant technical
issues pertaining to electronic voting systems include safe digital identity management, but are not limited to it. Before the
elections, every prospective citizen should register with the electoral system. They should have data in digitally processable
format. Additionally, their identification information must be completely private in any form regarding them.

17. 17
The following issues with an outdated E-voting system:
• Voting without identification.
• Voter (and only the voter) verifiability of ballot casting.
• High setup cost.
• Growing security issues.
• A lack of Transparency and confidence.
• Voting inefficiencies or delays connected to absentee or remote
voting
To migrate these issues, Software mechanisms can be deployed.
1. Avoiding the Deletion of evidence
2. Privacy with transparency.

18. 18
The most crucial requirements are met by a blockchain:
• Authentication: Voting will only be open to registered voters.
• Anonymity: The system forbids any connection to be made between the identity of the voters
and the votes they cast.
• Accuracy: Once votes are casted, cannot be reversed.
• Verifiability: The mechanism will be credible enough for the amount of votes to be verified.
Nowadays, several nations have chosen electronic voting methods as a result of technological
advancements. Any voting system that aims to be fair must follow the principles of objectivity
and openness. Additionally, it must be safeguarded from cyberattacks which could slow down
voting processes and possibly compromise the fairness of the process. This paper creates a
network security method for blockchain-based voting systems. Any user in the blockchain can
validate data integrity, which satisfies standards of openness and impartiality in voting systems.
Additionally, the blockchain method has a distributed architecture that can avoid system
shutdown caused by malicious cyberattacks.

19. Proposed Plan of Work
• For our proposed plan of work we are considering two modules that are to be completed in
three phases. Two modules are as follows-
• “Front- end” for the application
• “Back- end” using solidity to implement Blockchain.
• Phase 1: In this phase we will cover the front-end module, in which we will build the
interactive user-interface for the admin as well as the user. In parallel the research work
related to the implementation of Blockchain in decentralized application will be done.
• Phase 2: In this phase we will cover the backend module, we will implement the Blockchain
using Ethereum framework and smart contract using the language solidity.
• Phase 3: The connection of two different module along with the testing of the platform will
be completed in this phase.
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20. References
• [1] Block chain Enabled E-Voting. Author-Nir Kshetri and Jeffrey Voas.Publisher-IEEE,Year-2018
• [2] ElectionBlock:An Electronic Voting System using Blockchain and Fingerprint Authentication.Authors-Mohamed Ibrahim, Kajan Ravindran,Hyon Lee Publication-2021 IEEE 18th
International Conference.
• [3] A Proposal of Blockchain- based Electronic Voting System. Authors-Cosmas Krisna Adiputra, Rikard Hjort, and Hiroyuki Sato Publication - 2018 IEEE.
• [4] E-Voting Systems using Blockchain: An Exploratory Literature Survey,year :2020 author: Vivek SK,Yashank RS,Yashas ,Prashanth,Published in: Proceedings of the Second
International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA-2020)
• [5] Blockchain Based Anonymous Voting System Using zkSNARKs. Authors- Malik Hamza Murtaza, Zahoor Ahmed Alizai, Zubair Iqbal.Publication- 2019 IEEE.
• [6] Towards A Privacy- Preserving Voting System Through Blockchain Technologies. Authors- Rabeya Bosri, Abdur Razzak Uzzal publication-2019 IEEE
• [7] Votereum: An Ethereum-Based E-Voting System year : 2019 author:Linh VoCao-Thuy, Khoi Cao-Minh, Chuong DangLe-Bao, Tuan A. Nguyen Published in: Proceedings of the
Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA-2020)
• [8] On the Design and Implementatin on of a Blockchain Enabled E-Voting Application Within IoT-Oriented Smart Cities year : 2021 author: GEETANJALI RATHEE,RAZi
IQBAL,OMER WAQAR,ALI KASHIF BASHIR Published in: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA-2020)
• [9] Towards the intelligent agents for blockchain evoting system year : 2018 Author:Michał Pawlaka,Aneta Poniszewska-Maranda,Natalia Kryvinsk Published in:The 9th
International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks
• [10] Blockchain based E-Voting System Using IPFS Author – Mishkaat Ansari,Conference -International Research Journal ofEngineering and Technology (IRJET)
• [11] A Study on Electronic Voting System Using Private Blockchain .Author= Chang-Hyun Roh and Im-Yeong Lee Year-2021. Journal of Information Processing Systems
• [12] Electronic voting system using Enterprise Blockchain (2022) Author- Camilo Denis , Daniel Frains and Alexi Masso (MDPI 2022)
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21. References
• [13] A Modernized Voting System Using Fuzzy Logic and Blockchain Technology. Author-Mousumi Mitra,Aviroop Chowdhury year = 2020,JMEC
• [14] Blockchain based Voting system in Local Network.Author-VairamT1,SarathambekaiS2, Balaji R3 ,IEEE 2020.
• [15] A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting. Author =Ruhi Tas , omerozgur tanriover,year = 2020,MDPI
• [16] Election Portal Using Blockchain. Author-Shehan Shetty, Vishal Thakur, Adhij Vartak and Shraddha Dabhade. SJCEM Journal of
Engineering & Sciences, Volume 3,Issue 1 - March2021
• [17] E-voting System using Blockchain Technology (2022) Authors- K.Keerthi,G. Dhana Lakshmi and D haritha. JOURNAL OF CRITICAL
REVIEWS.
• [18] Implementation and Early Adoption of an Ethereum-Based Electronic Voting System for the Prevention of Fraudulent Voting.Authors - Jason
C.Hung, Hwa-Young,Jeong and Neil Yuwen ,Yen Conference – MDPI Journal 2021
• [19] Fault-Tolerant Architecture Design for Blockchain- Based Electronics Voting System.year: 2020.author: Siriboon Chaisawat ,Chalee
Vorakulpipat ,Pathumthani 2020 17thInternational Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE).
• [20]A Framework to Make Voting System Transparent Using Blockchain Technology Authors – MUHAMMAD SHOAIB FAROOQ , USMAN
IFTIKHAR Conference – IEEE 2021
• [21] Framework For Electronic Voting System Using Blockchain Technology Authors - BanjoOluwafemi , Eseosa Ehioghae Conference-
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 2021
• [22] Electronic Voting Recording System Based on Blockchain Technology year : 2019 author:Samuel Agbesi,George Asante Published in: 2019
12th Conference on Cybersecurity and Privacy (CMI)
• [23] Implementation and Early Adoption of an Ethereum-Based Electronic Voting System for the Prevention of Fraudulent Voting.(MDPI)
21

22. References
• [25] BLOCKCHAIN-BASED E-VOTING SYSTEM FOR ELECTIONS IN JORDAN year: 2022,Author: SARAH AL-
MAAITAH,ABDULLAH QUZMAR,MOHAMMAD QATAWNEH, Published in: Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Information Technology
• [26] A Comparitive Analysis on E-V0ting System Using Blockchain Author-Kanika Garg,Pavi Saraswat,Sachin
Bisht Year and conference-2019 4th International Conference on Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and
Usages (10TSIU)
• [27] Implementation and Early Adoption of an Ethereum-Based Electronic Voting System for the Prevention of
Fraudulent Voting Authors - Jason C. Hung, Hwa-Youn Jeong and NeilYuwen Yen Conference – MDPI Journal
2021
• [28] Fault-Tolerant Architecture Design for BlockchainBased Electronics Voting System. year: 2020 author:
Siriboon Chaisawat ,Chale Vorakulpipat ,Pathumthani 20201 7th International JointConference on Computer
Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)
• [29]A Framework to Make Voting SystemTransparent Using Blockchain Technology Authors –MUHAMMAD
SHOAIB FAROOQ,Usman Iftikhar,Adel Khelifi Published in: IEEE Access(2022).
• [30] Towards A Privacy- Preserving Voting System Through Blockchain Technologies. Authors- Rabeya Bosri,
Abdur Razzak Uzzal publication-2019 IEEE
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23. THANK YOU
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