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The document discusses the changing consumer behavior in South Africa given the challenging economic climate of high unemployment, rising costs of living, and household debt. This has made consumers more price sensitive and focused on value. It also explores opportunities to promote potatoes to South African consumers, such as emphasizing their nutrition, allowed labeling claims, cultivar varieties, and sponsorship of endurance sports in which potatoes are commonly used to carbo-load like the Comrades Marathon. Measuring the impact of marketing campaigns on awareness and consumption will require long term tracking over time.
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Abstract
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Abstract
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Theme 3: Specialised sweetpotato vine multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
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Abstract
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Monday 3: Maize and potato intercropping: a technology to increase productivi...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
In Tigray, Ethiopia, maize is the principal cereal crop grown both under rain-fed and irrigation schemes. Potatoes have been grown for decades as a major vegetable crop and for income generation. And although both crops are grown mainly in mono-cropping, some farmers practiced intercropping without distinctive plant arrangement. Moreover, no research work has been conducted on the productivity of the system in the region. The objective of our study was to examine the potential of intercropping of maize–potato within a cereal cropping system to increase food production and income of rural households. To investigate the best production niches and highest land use efficiency for the productivity of maize–potato intercropping. The experiment was conducted during the 2012 cropping season at Hawzen Bureau of Agriculture nursery site, and consisted of three combination ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) in maize–potato row arrangements and maize–potato monocropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. ‘Melekasa II’ and ‘Gera’ varieties were used for maize and potato, respectively. Both crops were planted simultaneously in rows 75 cm apart with 30-cm intra-row spacing. Fertilisers were applied at rates of 50 kg urea and 100 kg DAP/ha for maize and 195 kg DAP/ha and 165 kg/ha urea for potato. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Mean comparison was performed using Duncan's new multiple range test, and land equivalent ratio (LER) index was used to evaluate intercrop efficiencies with respect to single crops. The analysis of variance showed significant differences on plant height and yield of maize in all treatments (p>0.01). The highest mean plant height of 238 cm was recorded from maize only and the lowest height of 198 cm from 1:1 cropping ratio. The highest grain yield of 4.7 t/ha was obtained from single crop followed by two rows of maize intercropped with one row of potato (4.4 t/ha). Partial LER showed a significant difference among treatments where two rows of maize/one row of potato gave 94% of the single crop. Highest tuber yield (34.4 t/ha) was obtained from potato only, whilst the lowest (14.09 t/ha) potato yield was obtained from two rows of maize/one row of potato. Results revealed that both maize and potato are compatible for intercropping under different cropping intensities. Partial LERs for potato and maize grown in the intercropping systems are less than unity. The highest partial LER of potato (0.80) and the least (0.41) were obtained from 1 row of maize to 2 of potatoes and 2 rows of maize to 1 of potato, respectively. Two rows of maize to 1 of potato gave the highest maize equivalence and the lowest potato equivalence. Partial equivalence of maize increased as equivalence of potato decreased. The current inter-cropping systems implied that farmers could benefit by growing the companion crops with different cropping intensity in the dry lands of Tigray.
Beyenesh Z. KidaneTheme 3: Specialised sweetpotato vine multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: ...
Theme 3: Specialised sweetpotato vine multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
In Lake Zone, Tanzania, the Sweetpotato Action for Security and Health in Africa Marando Bora project trained farmers to become specialised multipliers to produce and distribute sweetpotato seed. The objectives of the case study were to analyse (1) how farmers and trained multipliers characterised and managed quality in sweetpotato planting material; (2) changes in skills and practices as multiplication became a specialised task; and (3) what other transactions were happening as planting material was exchanged. The study used mixed methods to investigate the sweetpotato seed system as a social and technical configuration and the processes and interactions within it. A formal survey of 88 trained decentralised vine multipliers (DVMs) was conducted in March 2013. Detailed observations and semi-structured interviews were also carried out with 21 farmers and a sub-group of the DVMs. The survey results showed that 70% of DVMs were multiplying vines 9 months after the project finished; 34% were using close spacing in beds; 61% were using conventional plant spacing on ridges for roots and vines; and 5% were using both multiplication beds and ridges. Further, 97% of DVMs irrigated from wells, springs, lake, river, or dam water; 34% used pumps. During the life of the project, 89% of DVMs used fertilizer, and 26% continued to use it after the project finished. The in-depth interviews showed that farmers selected planting material not only on the basis of plant health, but also used cues to plant vigour. The use of own-saved seed involved a complex performance of managing seed and root production across different agro-ecologies according to inter- and intra-season characteristics. As the vine multiplication cycle became a specialised activity, vines were treated differently, depending on whether they were to be used for high root production or high vine production. The resilience and viability of the existing seed systems depended not only on individual knowledge and skills, but also management practices across agro-ecologies and negotiating social settlements at community level. As specialisation of seed production developed, the multiplication and root production cycles were separated and tasks became segregated. New knowledge and skills were formed in different ways; the trained multipliers adapted the new techniques into the existing system of shifting vine conservation and root production between different ecologies. Interventions aimed at building the capacity of specialised vine multipliers and scaling-up seed interventions should consider the implications of skills-building and segregation of tasks in the broader context of society choice of technologies and agrarian change.
Margaret A. McEwanMonday 3: Comparative studies on sources of sweetpotato planting material for...
Monday 3: Comparative studies on sources of sweetpotato planting material for...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Pathogen-tested sweetpotato planting material is shown to provide a significant boost in yield and quality in the sweetpotato seed systems and value chains. In the absence of pathogen-tested planting material, negative selection has been shown to be effective in some cultivars and locations as well. Protective net tunnels allow decentralised vine multipliers to maintain and multiply limited quantities of clean planting material. Commercial demand for sweetpotato planting material is likely to be sustained if seed producers are able to provide evidence of the superiority of their product to their customers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of net tunnel source and of pathogen-tested planting material on yield and health status (sweetpotato virus disease [SPVD] and weevil incidence) of crop. Studies were conducted in 2015, at locations in Ghana that varied with regard to SPVD and weevil pressure. Four varieties were used with pathogen-tested planting materials—‘Apomuden’, ‘Dadanyuie’, ‘Bohye’, and ‘Ligri’—and multiplied in net tunnels. ‘Apparently’ healthy (field-derived, negatively selected) material of the same varieties were also multiplied in adjacent field plots at one location in northern Ghana. For ‘Apomuden’, the apparently healthy planting material was multiplied in both net tunnel and open field at the same location. The trials were conducted at three sites in northern Ghana: Nyankpala, Navrongo, and Wa. At each site, 8 treatment combinations (4 varieties and 2 sources of planting material) were arranged in a trial design with three replicates. The 4 x 5.1 m plots were planted to 17 vine cuttings per row, spacing 0.30 m within rows and 1 m between rows, and no additional irrigation. Weeding, reshaping, and vine lifting were done at all locations. NPK (15:15:15) was applied at Navrongo and Wa, 4 weeks after planting, as recommended, due to natural poor soil fertility. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th edition). There were highly significant differences among varieties and trial sites for plant establishment, foliage yield, root yield, weevil damage, and SPVD rating; but source of planting material was not found to be significant. For SPVD, net tunnel source is better than open field (p<0.01).><0.04). The results indicate that apparently healthy planting material was as effective as pathogen-tested planting material. Net tunnels may have a distinct advantage for maintaining and multiplying planting material to produce healthy sweetpotato crops.
Putri E. AbidinTheme 3: Effect of vine harvesting on root and vine yield of different sweetp...
Theme 3: Effect of vine harvesting on root and vine yield of different sweetp...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Sweetpotato produces substantial yields of both roots and vines for food and fodder at the same time on the same plot of land, making them attractive food–feed crops. Vine harvesting from sweetpotato gardens to be used either as fresh fodder or processed into silage, however, might compromise the root yield at harvest. A study was conducted to determine the effect of vine harvesting (de-topping) on root and vine yield of different sweetpotato varieties in Uganda. Experiments were set up on-station on Uganda Martyrs University farm and on-farm in Kamuli and Masaka districts in 2015 and 2016. The experiments were established with four sweetpotato varieties (‘NASPOT 11’, ‘NASPOT 12 O’, ‘NASPOT 13 O’, and a local variety) laid out in a randomised complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on fresh root and vine weight, dry vine weight at 2 and 4 months after planting, incidence and severity of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD), Alternaria blight, and weevil damage at harvesting. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th ed.). ‘NASPOT 11’ had the highest yield, followed by the local variety. There was a significant difference in the root yields of the different varieties for the de-topped crop and the non-de-topped crop. The non-de-topped local variety yielded 8.0 t/ha compared with the de-topped (3.4 t/ha), whereas the non-de-topped ‘NASPOT 13 O’ yielded 6.3 t/ha compared with the de-topped (4.6 t/ha). ‘NASPOT 11’ and ‘NASPOT 12 O’ were generally less affected by de-topping. De-topping at 85 days after planting results in root yield loss; all varieties had moderate resistance to SPVD and Alternaria blight. ‘NASPOT 11’ and ‘NASPOT 12 O’ are responding better to vine harvesting and are potential candidates for making sweetpotato silage.
Elizabeth AkirorMonday 3: Determination of nutrient solutions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L...
Monday 3: Determination of nutrient solutions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L...African Potato Association (APA)
This document summarizes a study on determining the optimal nutrient solution for growing potato seed tubers using an aeroponics production system. Four different nutrient compositions were tested and results showed that composition C, with higher levels of calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and potassium phosphate, produced the largest and heaviest potato mini-tubers, highest root length, and largest tuber numbers. The study concludes that nutrient solution levels significantly impact potato seed tuber growth and quality in aeroponics, and composition C is recommended for growing the potato variety 'Belete' under the conditions tested.Theme 3: Testing “Triple S” in a new context: sweetpotato planting material c...
Theme 3: Testing “Triple S” in a new context: sweetpotato planting material c...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Farmers who produce sweetpotato in Ethiopia save planting material on farm during the long dry months. Water stress and virus and weevil pressure during this period are the main causes of both the loss of farm-saved sweetpotato planting material and the country’s shortage of planting material. In other African countries, “Triple S” is a newly emerging root-based sweetpotato planting material conservation technique that has enabled small-scale farmers to conserve planting material for up to 3 months in dry periods. The dry months in Ethiopia last 3–5 months in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) and 7–9 months in Tigray region, where direct adoption of the original Triple S technique is not feasible. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify and test root-based sweetpotato planting material conservation methods appropriate for Ethiopia. In SNNPR, 12 farmer research groups compared Triple S techniques with shade conservation and conventional methods. In Tigray, an on-station trial was conducted to test the sprouting potential of different sizes (small, medium, and large) of roots stored in sand-filled containers after different storage periods. Results show that roots stored in sand-filled containers start sprouting 4–6 weeks after first being stored. On average, 82% of roots stored could sprout after 3, 4, and 5 months and be transplanted for vine multiplication. Forty-five days after transplanting, each root gave above-ground fresh vine yields of 883 g, 656 g, 680 g, and 615 g in Dorebafana, Kedidagamela, Humbo, and Mirab-Abaya woredas, respectively. Storing only 40 roots using Triple S can produce enough planting material to plant 400 m2 of land. In addition, the quality of vine produced through Triple S is better than that from farm-saved planting material in terms of being free of viruses and weevil. In our separate experiments to adapt Triple S for 8–9 months during the dry period in Tigray, 61%, 62%, and 52% of roots sprouted after 6 months of storage. The present study confirmed the potential of Triple S to increase the security of sweetpotato planting material in drought-prone areas in Ethiopia. Additional studies are being conducted to refine factors such as age and size of roots and storage and transplanting time.
Mihiretu CherinetTheme 3: Vine survival of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars s...
Theme 3: Vine survival of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars s...African Potato Association (APA)
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Key findings include:
- Cultivar performance varied significantly with drought stress, with vine yield dropping as harvest time increased from 5 to 11 months.
- Introduced Resisto variety had the longest stems but no vines survived past 9 months.
- Irene, Xitsekele, Ivone and Xiadla-xikau maintained highest vine yields at 11 months.
- Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, Tacna and Mwazambane produced long vines suitable for rapid multiplication by cutting at 5 weeks of storage.Heritability for yield and glycoalkaloid content in potato breeding for heat ...
Heritability for yield and glycoalkaloid content in potato breeding for heat ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
High temperatures are among the major stresses that affect potato production in the tropics. Climate change is already affecting weather patterns in traditional potato growing areas, where unpredictable rainfall and higher temperatures contribute to increased pressure from pests and diseases and put yield and quality at risk. High temperatures can lead to increased concentrations of glycoalkaloid, which is known to cause the bitter taste in potatoes and can have a negative effect on human health. Since 2004, the International Potato Center has sought to improve the heat tolerance of its late blight-resistant population B3 by developing the new “LBHT” sub-population. We determined the narrow-sense heritability of yield components, broad-sense heritability of glycoalkaloid concentrations, and correlations between these traits in LBHT in order to ensure the quality of heat-tolerant potato clones. Thirty-two LBHT clones were crossed in sets under North Carolina Design II to obtain 64 progenies. Progeny tests were conducted in three locations in Peru: San Ramon, La Molina, and Majes, where average night:day temperatures ranged 15.1°–22.6°C and 22.9°–27.5°C, respectively, using randomised complete block designs (RCBD) with four sets and three replications of 50 genotypes per progeny. Twenty LBHT clones were grown in the same locations using RCBD with three replications. At harvest, the number and weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers were recorded, samples of tubers of each clone were taken, and glycoalkaloid concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. Narrow-sense heritability for tuber yield, tuber number, and average tuber weight were 0.41, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. Correlation of tuber number and average tuber weight was highly significant with tuber yield: r=0.77 and 0.74, R²=0.59 and 0.54, respectively. The heritability and correlation values indicate that additive genetic variance was higher than non-additive genetic variance, and that yield components can be used as indirect selection criterion for tuber yield. Broad-sense heritability for glycoalkaloid concentrations on fresh weight was 0.63, and correlation between glycoalkaloid concentrations and tuber yield under high temperatures was low (r=0.33 and R²=0.11). High heritability and low correlation between yield and glycoalkaloid concentrations will allow the selection of clones with high tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid content under heat and virus pressure in humid tropical San Ramon. Eight clones that showed good tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid concentrations can serve as candidate varieties, and may be valuable parents in breeding programmes aimed at improving heat tolerance with minimum risk of glycoalkaloid accumulation under stress
Manuel GasteloParticipatory selection of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in north and ...
Participatory selection of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in north and ...African Potato Association (APA)
Sweetpotato is cultivated in all regions of Côte d'Ivoire for consumption and as a source of income. Only varieties with white and yellow flesh are grown. Production of nutritious orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) is hampered by the lack of genetic resources and planting material. To evaluate and release OFSP varieties, on-farm demonstration tests were conducted with women farmer groups in Bondoukou, Nassian, Korhogo, and Bondiali in north and north-east Côte d’Ivoire. Six varieties—‘Kabode’, ‘Kakamega7’ (‘Irene’), ‘Tacha2’, ‘Bela Bela’, ‘Vita’, and TIB-440060—were evaluated in comparison with locally grown varieties. The on-farm demonstration was laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated three times per location. Assessments were made on yield; disease and pests; and consumer preference on attractiveness of skin colour and flesh of the root (fresh and boiled), taste, texture, and starchiness. Results showed that introduced varieties have generally recorded higher yields than the local varieties: Yields of about 25 t/ha have been recorded on the sites. The best average yield, about 15 t/ha, was recorded for TIB-440060 and ‘Kakamega7’ varieties. Farmers’ acceptance of OFSP varieties based on the attractiveness of their colour and taste was more than 90%. At the end of the sensory tests, ‘Kakamega7’, which achieved the best compromise between all observed and measured parameters, was most appreciated and was the farmers’ first choice, followed by varieties TIB-440060 and ‘Bela Bela’.
K.E. Brice DibiTowards zero-fungicide, genetically modified potatoes for Africa
Andrew Kiggundu
Abstract
Late blight (LB) of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Africa and in many parts of the world. Conventional cross-breeding to develop resistance has met with challenges of length of breeding time and durability of resistance in the hybrids developed. Three resistance genes (RB, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1.1) previously cloned from two wild potatoes, S. bulbocastanum and S. venturii, and the availability of a potato transformation system allowed us to introduce all three genes into cultivated varieties in order to develop durable resistance. The genes were introduced into two cultivated potato varieties ‘Desiree’ and ‘Victoria’. The genetically modified (GM) potatoes generated were field-evaluated in Uganda at the Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute in Kabale. Twelve transgenic events of the variety ‘Desiree’ and one of the variety ‘Victoria’ were tested in three replications, each consisting of randomised complete block design of plots of 15 plants each. The results indicate that all 13 transgenic events are completely resistant to LB disease. These GM potatoes, if incorporated into the seed potato system for uptake by farmers in Africa and elsewhere, offer a great opportunity for durable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution to the management of LB disease in potato. Consequently, farmers could discontinue their current practice of spraying toxic chemicals to control the disease. The next steps for further development of these lines into commercial varieties for Africa and the associated deregulation challenges are discussed
Participatory variety selection: a tool to understand farmers’ potato variety...
Participatory variety selection: a tool to understand farmers’ potato variety...African Potato Association (APA)
The Ethiopian potato research programme has released more than 30 new varieties, selected primarily for yield potential and late blight tolerance; however, the majority of farmers still choose to grow “local varieties”. Cognizant of this, the current study was aimed at identifying traits that farmers consider most important when deciding which varieties to grow. The study was conducted at two sites in North-west Ethiopia that represent two major agro-ecological zones in two distinct growing seasons, using a participatory variety selection approach. Disease-free seed tubers of nine local and three released varieties were planted. Twenty-three traits were found to influence the varieties that farmers selected, with the degree of importance of each trait differing by agro-ecological zone and gender. Of the 23 traits, 12 were considered very important and 6 determined the acceptance of a variety with their importance differing over seasons. The results showed that farmers’ selection criteria are very diverse, no variety possesses all desirable characteristics, and there is a need for selecting varieties adapted to different agro-ecologies and growing seasons. This study further suggests that taking farmers’ interests into account and the use of local varieties are important in potato breeding in Ethiopia.
Semagn Asredie Kolech;Monday 2: Orange-fleshed sweetpotato adoption improved dietary quality: evide...
Monday 2: Orange-fleshed sweetpotato adoption improved dietary quality: evide...African Potato Association (APA)
1) Growing orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) was found to improve dietary quality and vitamin A intake for women and children in Western Kenya. OFSP adoption was associated with 15-18% higher diet diversity scores and 10-20% higher vitamin A intake compared to non-adoption.
2) Instrumental variable regression models found that both OFSP adoption and greater adoption intensity had a statistically significant positive impact on women and children's dietary diversity and vitamin A intake. Adoption intensity showed an even higher impact on diet quality.
3) Validation tests confirmed the models were correctly specified and the relationships between OFSP adoption and nutrition outcomes were endogenous, supporting the use of instrumental variables regression.Theme 2: Yield and nutrition quality stability of orange-fleshed sweetpotato ...
Theme 2: Yield and nutrition quality stability of orange-fleshed sweetpotato ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Storage of sweetpotato roots for a prolonged period is a great challenge at the smallholder farmer level in Mozambique. Piecemeal harvesting allows a continuous supply of roots for household consumption for several months if weevil infestation is avoided. No systematic study has been done to look at the dynamic changes in yield and nutritional content among orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) cultivars harvested at different times in Mozambique. The objectives of the studies were to determine yield and changes in key macro- and micronutrients associated with early or late harvesting of OFSP cultivars in Mozambique. Four trials were established at Gurué in December 2015. The trials were classified into harvesting period, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Each trial had 30 OFSP cultivars laid in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Twenty-two of the cultivars are already released in Mozambique, 2 are elite clones, and 3 are common checks in 2016. Yield measurements were done in the field and samples were selected and sent to the quality laboratory in Maputo for determination of dry matter (%), β-carotene (mg/100g dry weight basis [dwb]), iron (mg/100g dwb), zinc (mg/100g dwb), and carbohydrate content, including starch, using near-infrared spectrometry. Data of the collected traits were analysed using R. The cultivars had significant differences in the measured traits within each harvesting period and among the harvesting dates. Yield and dry matter sharply rose as the harvesting period increased from the date of planting. Sweetpotato is perennial, hence partitioning of photosynthates to the storage roots is a continuous process. Dry matter, starch, iron, and β-carotene increased linearly in some cultivars as harvesting was prolonged; zinc was not affected by harvesting period. Genotype x environment interaction was small for the quality traits. Stability of micronutrients is essential for piecemeal harvesting. The study allowed accurate grouping of the cultivars tested into maturity groups as this was never done before
Abilio AlvaroTheme 2: Development of mineral-biofortified potato to help overcome micronut...
Theme 2: Development of mineral-biofortified potato to help overcome micronut...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Biofortification is a well-known strategy for breeding to increase the nutritional value of staple crops in essential micronutrients such as vitamin A, Fe, and Zn. Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are processed. The World Health Organisation estimated that biofortification could help cure the 2 billion people worldwide suffering from Fe deficiency-induced anaemia. Potato biofortification to increase Fe and Zn concentrations was initiated at the International Potato Center (CIP) in 2004, from a base population of Andean landraces selected for both their outstanding culinary attributes and Fe and Zn concentrations above mean levels found in extensive germplasm evaluation. After three cycles of recurrent selection, the concentrations of Fe and Zn exceeded twice those of the base population (28–40 mg/kg dry weight basis and 27–35 mg/kg dry weight basis for Fe and Zn, respectively). These are the first-ever genetic gains reported for mineral content of potato. Considering the high potato consumption (300–500 g/day) of our target populations of the African highlands, consumption of these potatoes can cover 30–75% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe and Zn for women of childbearing age. CIP is carrying out strategic interploid crossing with top tetraploid parental lines leading to higher yielding, disease-resistant populations of biofortified potatoes. The programme has introduced significant amounts of enhanced germplasm to Africa and built capacity for potato tuber sampling and sample preparation for mineral evaluation through on-the-job training in Ethiopia and Rwanda. It has developed an African quality evaluation network for potato using X-ray fluorescent and near-infrared spectrometry technologies. Statutory and participatory evaluation of novel potato populations have assessed user preferences for new potato types and identified elite clones for variety release. Collection of gender-disaggregated preference data is supported by CIP’s ontology-based data dictionary for technical and preference/sensory traits. CIP and partners recently demonstrated the high bioaccessibility of Fe from potato with respect to that of other staple crops. Some 63–79% of the Fe in potato is released from the food matrix during in-vitro gastro-intestinal digestion and is therefore available at the intestinal level. This compares favourably with, for example, pearl millet which is considered a success among biofortified crops, and for which the in-vitro bioaccessibility of Fe varies 10–24%, whereas it is only 5% for wheat.
Merideth BonierbaleMonday 2: Analysis of preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencin...
Monday 2: Analysis of preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencin...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
The study examined preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencing potato consumption by households in the Jos metropolis, Nigeria. The study used cross-sectional data from 180 households in 2007 and 2008 collected each year through structured questionnaire and by multistage and simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, the logit model, and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The study found that potato fries (88.89%), potato porridge (81.67%), potato chips (71.11%), and potato boiled with water (68.89%), in that order, are the most familiar and frequently consumed potato food forms by households. The study revealed that 81.67% and 64.44% of households were hearing of potato flour and potato starch for the first time. Forty-four percent of the respondents reported eating raw potato for medicinal purposes. The maximum likelihood estimates of logistic regression model indicated that potato consumption pattern of households is influenced by location, health status, religion, meal time, taste, festival, and season of production (p<0.05).><0.05). The study recommended scaling up potato production and diversification of potato food forms as means to improve households’ supply of food and nutrient content. It also advocates increase nutritional education to households to correct poor food habits and barriers limiting potato consumption by households.
D.M. LenkaFood security, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, and technology adoption: the ...
Food security, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, and technology adoption: the ...African Potato Association (APA)
Demese Chnayalew,
Abstract
The crop development policies and strategies of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia focus on three major categories: food, industrial, and export crops. Among the food crops, potatoes and sweetpotatoes are valuable for food and nutrition security at household level, providing highly nutritious quality protein, vitamins, and micronutrients. Recently, potato has come to be viewed as an alternative crop for climate change adaptation, too. Despite this, the crop development policies and strategies are biased towards grain. This bias, along with related policies and strategies, has partly contributed to the low levels of cultivated area and production of root and tubers in general and potato and sweetpotato in particular. Within an agricultural research and development environment dominated by grain development policies and strategies, however, research and extension institutions never quit generating, developing, multiplying, and distributing improved potato and sweetpotato technologies, including varieties and agronomic practices. This paper assesses the technology generation and adoption in different parts of the country; it analyses existing policies, strategies, and institutional arrangements. Information generated through documentation review and discussions with selected and targeted key informants provided adoption levels of improved potato and sweetpotato varieties, and helps to explain existing constraints and plausible solutions for increased productivity and production. Comparative analysis is also made with other developing countries, specifically those in the East Africa region as a whole
Urban Wage Behavior During Food Price Hikes In Ethiopia
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Seminar Series, March 20, 2012
Food processing ingredients Vietnam_2015 Annual Report
Vietnam’s food processing and beverage industry continued to grow in 2014, expanding 5.1 percent in the food processing sector, versus a 6 percent growth rate in 2013; and 10 percent in the beverage sector, from 8.8 percent in 2013, according to data provided by Vietnam’s General Statistics Office (GSO) (at 2010 prices). At current prices, Vietnam’s food and beverage industry is growing fast at almost 21 percent in 2013, with food production growing at 20 percent, and beverage production growing by almost 27 percent.
IMPACT OF RICE PRICES ON FOOD INFLATION, 2007-2012, FINAL DRAFT,DEC.18TH,2012
This document analyzes the effect of rice prices on inflation in Zanzibar from 2007-2012. It finds that a 1% increase in monthly rice prices increases headline, non-food, and food inflation by 0.201%, 0.171%, and 0.243% respectively. Zanzibar retail rice prices closely follow Thai import prices, though sometimes increase more over 12 months. The document recommends increasing domestic rice production, eliminating barriers to rice imports, and expanding social protection for vulnerable households to help address food inflation.
Paul Dorosh - Agriculture Productivity Growth and Rural Welfare: Insights fro...
Paul Dorosh - Agriculture Productivity Growth and Rural Welfare: Insights fro...International Food Policy Research Institute - Development Strategy and Governance Division
1) The document analyzes the impacts of agricultural growth and rural welfare in Pakistan using economy-wide modeling.
2) It finds that slowing growth in the agriculture and energy sectors could increase poverty rates, as these sectors are major pillars of Pakistan's development strategy.
3) In particular, slowing the increase in electricity supply was found to have the largest impact on poverty, even if it did not have the largest impact on overall economic growth. Agricultural growth significantly raises rural and urban incomes and reduces poverty.Food security policy challenges in central Asia: example of Tajikistan
Food security policy challenges in central Asia: example of TajikistanInternational Food Policy Research Institute
"Food security policy challenges in Central Asia: example of Tajikistan" presented by Kamiljon Akramov, IFPRI, at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.Richard Pearson NFU Profiting from Sustainability Conference York Dec 2014
The document discusses the agricultural industry in the UK and Yorkshire region. It notes that while the industry has seen growth in economic contribution and food exports, farmgate prices have fallen across commodities in 2014 due to global supply and demand factors. The region of Yorkshire represents a significant portion of UK agriculture, with many farms and related employment. The conclusion emphasizes that despite current challenges, the future potential for agriculture remains strong through innovation and growing global demand.
Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Ethiopia: Constraints and Opportunities
Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Ethiopia: Constraints and OpportunitiesInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
1) Ethiopia faces constraints in the water-energy-food nexus due to its reliance on rain-fed agriculture and hydropower, leaving it vulnerable to climate change impacts like changing rainfall patterns.
2) Climate change is projected to reduce crop yields and river flows in Ethiopia by 2050, negatively impacting food production, hydropower generation, and economic growth.
3) A modeling analysis found that under climate change, Ethiopia's real GDP growth and welfare could be 0.14-0.21 percentage points lower annually by 2050, accumulating to losses of $143-238 billion over 2010-2050. Agriculture is most severely affected.Dec 2008 results
- ABC Holdings reported financial results for the year ended 31 December 2008. Attributable profits decreased 30% to BWP86 million due to challenging economic conditions.
- Total assets grew 35% to BWP3.97 billion, driven by an 80% increase in loans and advances to BWP2.2 billion. Deposits also increased 40% to BWP2.8 billion.
- Net interest income grew 72% and now covers 78% of costs, up from 67% previously. However, the cost to income ratio increased to 59% from stronger costs related to retail banking expansion.
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Monday 3: Comparative studies on sources of sweetpotato planting material for...
Monday 3: Comparative studies on sources of sweetpotato planting material for...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Pathogen-tested sweetpotato planting material is shown to provide a significant boost in yield and quality in the sweetpotato seed systems and value chains. In the absence of pathogen-tested planting material, negative selection has been shown to be effective in some cultivars and locations as well. Protective net tunnels allow decentralised vine multipliers to maintain and multiply limited quantities of clean planting material. Commercial demand for sweetpotato planting material is likely to be sustained if seed producers are able to provide evidence of the superiority of their product to their customers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of net tunnel source and of pathogen-tested planting material on yield and health status (sweetpotato virus disease [SPVD] and weevil incidence) of crop. Studies were conducted in 2015, at locations in Ghana that varied with regard to SPVD and weevil pressure. Four varieties were used with pathogen-tested planting materials—‘Apomuden’, ‘Dadanyuie’, ‘Bohye’, and ‘Ligri’—and multiplied in net tunnels. ‘Apparently’ healthy (field-derived, negatively selected) material of the same varieties were also multiplied in adjacent field plots at one location in northern Ghana. For ‘Apomuden’, the apparently healthy planting material was multiplied in both net tunnel and open field at the same location. The trials were conducted at three sites in northern Ghana: Nyankpala, Navrongo, and Wa. At each site, 8 treatment combinations (4 varieties and 2 sources of planting material) were arranged in a trial design with three replicates. The 4 x 5.1 m plots were planted to 17 vine cuttings per row, spacing 0.30 m within rows and 1 m between rows, and no additional irrigation. Weeding, reshaping, and vine lifting were done at all locations. NPK (15:15:15) was applied at Navrongo and Wa, 4 weeks after planting, as recommended, due to natural poor soil fertility. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th edition). There were highly significant differences among varieties and trial sites for plant establishment, foliage yield, root yield, weevil damage, and SPVD rating; but source of planting material was not found to be significant. For SPVD, net tunnel source is better than open field (p<0.01).><0.04). The results indicate that apparently healthy planting material was as effective as pathogen-tested planting material. Net tunnels may have a distinct advantage for maintaining and multiplying planting material to produce healthy sweetpotato crops.
Putri E. AbidinTheme 3: Effect of vine harvesting on root and vine yield of different sweetp...
Theme 3: Effect of vine harvesting on root and vine yield of different sweetp...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Sweetpotato produces substantial yields of both roots and vines for food and fodder at the same time on the same plot of land, making them attractive food–feed crops. Vine harvesting from sweetpotato gardens to be used either as fresh fodder or processed into silage, however, might compromise the root yield at harvest. A study was conducted to determine the effect of vine harvesting (de-topping) on root and vine yield of different sweetpotato varieties in Uganda. Experiments were set up on-station on Uganda Martyrs University farm and on-farm in Kamuli and Masaka districts in 2015 and 2016. The experiments were established with four sweetpotato varieties (‘NASPOT 11’, ‘NASPOT 12 O’, ‘NASPOT 13 O’, and a local variety) laid out in a randomised complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on fresh root and vine weight, dry vine weight at 2 and 4 months after planting, incidence and severity of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD), Alternaria blight, and weevil damage at harvesting. Data were analysed using Genstat (12th ed.). ‘NASPOT 11’ had the highest yield, followed by the local variety. There was a significant difference in the root yields of the different varieties for the de-topped crop and the non-de-topped crop. The non-de-topped local variety yielded 8.0 t/ha compared with the de-topped (3.4 t/ha), whereas the non-de-topped ‘NASPOT 13 O’ yielded 6.3 t/ha compared with the de-topped (4.6 t/ha). ‘NASPOT 11’ and ‘NASPOT 12 O’ were generally less affected by de-topping. De-topping at 85 days after planting results in root yield loss; all varieties had moderate resistance to SPVD and Alternaria blight. ‘NASPOT 11’ and ‘NASPOT 12 O’ are responding better to vine harvesting and are potential candidates for making sweetpotato silage.
Elizabeth AkirorMonday 3: Determination of nutrient solutions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L...
Monday 3: Determination of nutrient solutions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L...African Potato Association (APA)
This document summarizes a study on determining the optimal nutrient solution for growing potato seed tubers using an aeroponics production system. Four different nutrient compositions were tested and results showed that composition C, with higher levels of calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and potassium phosphate, produced the largest and heaviest potato mini-tubers, highest root length, and largest tuber numbers. The study concludes that nutrient solution levels significantly impact potato seed tuber growth and quality in aeroponics, and composition C is recommended for growing the potato variety 'Belete' under the conditions tested.Theme 3: Testing “Triple S” in a new context: sweetpotato planting material c...
Theme 3: Testing “Triple S” in a new context: sweetpotato planting material c...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Farmers who produce sweetpotato in Ethiopia save planting material on farm during the long dry months. Water stress and virus and weevil pressure during this period are the main causes of both the loss of farm-saved sweetpotato planting material and the country’s shortage of planting material. In other African countries, “Triple S” is a newly emerging root-based sweetpotato planting material conservation technique that has enabled small-scale farmers to conserve planting material for up to 3 months in dry periods. The dry months in Ethiopia last 3–5 months in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) and 7–9 months in Tigray region, where direct adoption of the original Triple S technique is not feasible. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify and test root-based sweetpotato planting material conservation methods appropriate for Ethiopia. In SNNPR, 12 farmer research groups compared Triple S techniques with shade conservation and conventional methods. In Tigray, an on-station trial was conducted to test the sprouting potential of different sizes (small, medium, and large) of roots stored in sand-filled containers after different storage periods. Results show that roots stored in sand-filled containers start sprouting 4–6 weeks after first being stored. On average, 82% of roots stored could sprout after 3, 4, and 5 months and be transplanted for vine multiplication. Forty-five days after transplanting, each root gave above-ground fresh vine yields of 883 g, 656 g, 680 g, and 615 g in Dorebafana, Kedidagamela, Humbo, and Mirab-Abaya woredas, respectively. Storing only 40 roots using Triple S can produce enough planting material to plant 400 m2 of land. In addition, the quality of vine produced through Triple S is better than that from farm-saved planting material in terms of being free of viruses and weevil. In our separate experiments to adapt Triple S for 8–9 months during the dry period in Tigray, 61%, 62%, and 52% of roots sprouted after 6 months of storage. The present study confirmed the potential of Triple S to increase the security of sweetpotato planting material in drought-prone areas in Ethiopia. Additional studies are being conducted to refine factors such as age and size of roots and storage and transplanting time.
Mihiretu CherinetTheme 3: Vine survival of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars s...
Theme 3: Vine survival of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars s...African Potato Association (APA)
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Key findings include:
- Cultivar performance varied significantly with drought stress, with vine yield dropping as harvest time increased from 5 to 11 months.
- Introduced Resisto variety had the longest stems but no vines survived past 9 months.
- Irene, Xitsekele, Ivone and Xiadla-xikau maintained highest vine yields at 11 months.
- Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, Tacna and Mwazambane produced long vines suitable for rapid multiplication by cutting at 5 weeks of storage.Heritability for yield and glycoalkaloid content in potato breeding for heat ...
Heritability for yield and glycoalkaloid content in potato breeding for heat ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
High temperatures are among the major stresses that affect potato production in the tropics. Climate change is already affecting weather patterns in traditional potato growing areas, where unpredictable rainfall and higher temperatures contribute to increased pressure from pests and diseases and put yield and quality at risk. High temperatures can lead to increased concentrations of glycoalkaloid, which is known to cause the bitter taste in potatoes and can have a negative effect on human health. Since 2004, the International Potato Center has sought to improve the heat tolerance of its late blight-resistant population B3 by developing the new “LBHT” sub-population. We determined the narrow-sense heritability of yield components, broad-sense heritability of glycoalkaloid concentrations, and correlations between these traits in LBHT in order to ensure the quality of heat-tolerant potato clones. Thirty-two LBHT clones were crossed in sets under North Carolina Design II to obtain 64 progenies. Progeny tests were conducted in three locations in Peru: San Ramon, La Molina, and Majes, where average night:day temperatures ranged 15.1°–22.6°C and 22.9°–27.5°C, respectively, using randomised complete block designs (RCBD) with four sets and three replications of 50 genotypes per progeny. Twenty LBHT clones were grown in the same locations using RCBD with three replications. At harvest, the number and weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers were recorded, samples of tubers of each clone were taken, and glycoalkaloid concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. Narrow-sense heritability for tuber yield, tuber number, and average tuber weight were 0.41, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. Correlation of tuber number and average tuber weight was highly significant with tuber yield: r=0.77 and 0.74, R²=0.59 and 0.54, respectively. The heritability and correlation values indicate that additive genetic variance was higher than non-additive genetic variance, and that yield components can be used as indirect selection criterion for tuber yield. Broad-sense heritability for glycoalkaloid concentrations on fresh weight was 0.63, and correlation between glycoalkaloid concentrations and tuber yield under high temperatures was low (r=0.33 and R²=0.11). High heritability and low correlation between yield and glycoalkaloid concentrations will allow the selection of clones with high tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid content under heat and virus pressure in humid tropical San Ramon. Eight clones that showed good tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid concentrations can serve as candidate varieties, and may be valuable parents in breeding programmes aimed at improving heat tolerance with minimum risk of glycoalkaloid accumulation under stress
Manuel GasteloParticipatory selection of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in north and ...
Participatory selection of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in north and ...African Potato Association (APA)
Sweetpotato is cultivated in all regions of Côte d'Ivoire for consumption and as a source of income. Only varieties with white and yellow flesh are grown. Production of nutritious orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) is hampered by the lack of genetic resources and planting material. To evaluate and release OFSP varieties, on-farm demonstration tests were conducted with women farmer groups in Bondoukou, Nassian, Korhogo, and Bondiali in north and north-east Côte d’Ivoire. Six varieties—‘Kabode’, ‘Kakamega7’ (‘Irene’), ‘Tacha2’, ‘Bela Bela’, ‘Vita’, and TIB-440060—were evaluated in comparison with locally grown varieties. The on-farm demonstration was laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated three times per location. Assessments were made on yield; disease and pests; and consumer preference on attractiveness of skin colour and flesh of the root (fresh and boiled), taste, texture, and starchiness. Results showed that introduced varieties have generally recorded higher yields than the local varieties: Yields of about 25 t/ha have been recorded on the sites. The best average yield, about 15 t/ha, was recorded for TIB-440060 and ‘Kakamega7’ varieties. Farmers’ acceptance of OFSP varieties based on the attractiveness of their colour and taste was more than 90%. At the end of the sensory tests, ‘Kakamega7’, which achieved the best compromise between all observed and measured parameters, was most appreciated and was the farmers’ first choice, followed by varieties TIB-440060 and ‘Bela Bela’.
K.E. Brice DibiTowards zero-fungicide, genetically modified potatoes for Africa
Andrew Kiggundu
Abstract
Late blight (LB) of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Africa and in many parts of the world. Conventional cross-breeding to develop resistance has met with challenges of length of breeding time and durability of resistance in the hybrids developed. Three resistance genes (RB, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1.1) previously cloned from two wild potatoes, S. bulbocastanum and S. venturii, and the availability of a potato transformation system allowed us to introduce all three genes into cultivated varieties in order to develop durable resistance. The genes were introduced into two cultivated potato varieties ‘Desiree’ and ‘Victoria’. The genetically modified (GM) potatoes generated were field-evaluated in Uganda at the Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute in Kabale. Twelve transgenic events of the variety ‘Desiree’ and one of the variety ‘Victoria’ were tested in three replications, each consisting of randomised complete block design of plots of 15 plants each. The results indicate that all 13 transgenic events are completely resistant to LB disease. These GM potatoes, if incorporated into the seed potato system for uptake by farmers in Africa and elsewhere, offer a great opportunity for durable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution to the management of LB disease in potato. Consequently, farmers could discontinue their current practice of spraying toxic chemicals to control the disease. The next steps for further development of these lines into commercial varieties for Africa and the associated deregulation challenges are discussed
Participatory variety selection: a tool to understand farmers’ potato variety...
Participatory variety selection: a tool to understand farmers’ potato variety...African Potato Association (APA)
The Ethiopian potato research programme has released more than 30 new varieties, selected primarily for yield potential and late blight tolerance; however, the majority of farmers still choose to grow “local varieties”. Cognizant of this, the current study was aimed at identifying traits that farmers consider most important when deciding which varieties to grow. The study was conducted at two sites in North-west Ethiopia that represent two major agro-ecological zones in two distinct growing seasons, using a participatory variety selection approach. Disease-free seed tubers of nine local and three released varieties were planted. Twenty-three traits were found to influence the varieties that farmers selected, with the degree of importance of each trait differing by agro-ecological zone and gender. Of the 23 traits, 12 were considered very important and 6 determined the acceptance of a variety with their importance differing over seasons. The results showed that farmers’ selection criteria are very diverse, no variety possesses all desirable characteristics, and there is a need for selecting varieties adapted to different agro-ecologies and growing seasons. This study further suggests that taking farmers’ interests into account and the use of local varieties are important in potato breeding in Ethiopia.
Semagn Asredie Kolech;Monday 2: Orange-fleshed sweetpotato adoption improved dietary quality: evide...
Monday 2: Orange-fleshed sweetpotato adoption improved dietary quality: evide...African Potato Association (APA)
1) Growing orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) was found to improve dietary quality and vitamin A intake for women and children in Western Kenya. OFSP adoption was associated with 15-18% higher diet diversity scores and 10-20% higher vitamin A intake compared to non-adoption.
2) Instrumental variable regression models found that both OFSP adoption and greater adoption intensity had a statistically significant positive impact on women and children's dietary diversity and vitamin A intake. Adoption intensity showed an even higher impact on diet quality.
3) Validation tests confirmed the models were correctly specified and the relationships between OFSP adoption and nutrition outcomes were endogenous, supporting the use of instrumental variables regression.Theme 2: Yield and nutrition quality stability of orange-fleshed sweetpotato ...
Theme 2: Yield and nutrition quality stability of orange-fleshed sweetpotato ...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Storage of sweetpotato roots for a prolonged period is a great challenge at the smallholder farmer level in Mozambique. Piecemeal harvesting allows a continuous supply of roots for household consumption for several months if weevil infestation is avoided. No systematic study has been done to look at the dynamic changes in yield and nutritional content among orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) cultivars harvested at different times in Mozambique. The objectives of the studies were to determine yield and changes in key macro- and micronutrients associated with early or late harvesting of OFSP cultivars in Mozambique. Four trials were established at Gurué in December 2015. The trials were classified into harvesting period, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Each trial had 30 OFSP cultivars laid in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Twenty-two of the cultivars are already released in Mozambique, 2 are elite clones, and 3 are common checks in 2016. Yield measurements were done in the field and samples were selected and sent to the quality laboratory in Maputo for determination of dry matter (%), β-carotene (mg/100g dry weight basis [dwb]), iron (mg/100g dwb), zinc (mg/100g dwb), and carbohydrate content, including starch, using near-infrared spectrometry. Data of the collected traits were analysed using R. The cultivars had significant differences in the measured traits within each harvesting period and among the harvesting dates. Yield and dry matter sharply rose as the harvesting period increased from the date of planting. Sweetpotato is perennial, hence partitioning of photosynthates to the storage roots is a continuous process. Dry matter, starch, iron, and β-carotene increased linearly in some cultivars as harvesting was prolonged; zinc was not affected by harvesting period. Genotype x environment interaction was small for the quality traits. Stability of micronutrients is essential for piecemeal harvesting. The study allowed accurate grouping of the cultivars tested into maturity groups as this was never done before
Abilio AlvaroTheme 2: Development of mineral-biofortified potato to help overcome micronut...
Theme 2: Development of mineral-biofortified potato to help overcome micronut...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
Biofortification is a well-known strategy for breeding to increase the nutritional value of staple crops in essential micronutrients such as vitamin A, Fe, and Zn. Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are processed. The World Health Organisation estimated that biofortification could help cure the 2 billion people worldwide suffering from Fe deficiency-induced anaemia. Potato biofortification to increase Fe and Zn concentrations was initiated at the International Potato Center (CIP) in 2004, from a base population of Andean landraces selected for both their outstanding culinary attributes and Fe and Zn concentrations above mean levels found in extensive germplasm evaluation. After three cycles of recurrent selection, the concentrations of Fe and Zn exceeded twice those of the base population (28–40 mg/kg dry weight basis and 27–35 mg/kg dry weight basis for Fe and Zn, respectively). These are the first-ever genetic gains reported for mineral content of potato. Considering the high potato consumption (300–500 g/day) of our target populations of the African highlands, consumption of these potatoes can cover 30–75% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe and Zn for women of childbearing age. CIP is carrying out strategic interploid crossing with top tetraploid parental lines leading to higher yielding, disease-resistant populations of biofortified potatoes. The programme has introduced significant amounts of enhanced germplasm to Africa and built capacity for potato tuber sampling and sample preparation for mineral evaluation through on-the-job training in Ethiopia and Rwanda. It has developed an African quality evaluation network for potato using X-ray fluorescent and near-infrared spectrometry technologies. Statutory and participatory evaluation of novel potato populations have assessed user preferences for new potato types and identified elite clones for variety release. Collection of gender-disaggregated preference data is supported by CIP’s ontology-based data dictionary for technical and preference/sensory traits. CIP and partners recently demonstrated the high bioaccessibility of Fe from potato with respect to that of other staple crops. Some 63–79% of the Fe in potato is released from the food matrix during in-vitro gastro-intestinal digestion and is therefore available at the intestinal level. This compares favourably with, for example, pearl millet which is considered a success among biofortified crops, and for which the in-vitro bioaccessibility of Fe varies 10–24%, whereas it is only 5% for wheat.
Merideth BonierbaleMonday 2: Analysis of preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencin...
Monday 2: Analysis of preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencin...African Potato Association (APA)
Abstract
The study examined preferences, perceived barriers, and factors influencing potato consumption by households in the Jos metropolis, Nigeria. The study used cross-sectional data from 180 households in 2007 and 2008 collected each year through structured questionnaire and by multistage and simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, the logit model, and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The study found that potato fries (88.89%), potato porridge (81.67%), potato chips (71.11%), and potato boiled with water (68.89%), in that order, are the most familiar and frequently consumed potato food forms by households. The study revealed that 81.67% and 64.44% of households were hearing of potato flour and potato starch for the first time. Forty-four percent of the respondents reported eating raw potato for medicinal purposes. The maximum likelihood estimates of logistic regression model indicated that potato consumption pattern of households is influenced by location, health status, religion, meal time, taste, festival, and season of production (p<0.05).><0.05). The study recommended scaling up potato production and diversification of potato food forms as means to improve households’ supply of food and nutrient content. It also advocates increase nutritional education to households to correct poor food habits and barriers limiting potato consumption by households.
D.M. LenkaFood security, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, and technology adoption: the ...
Food security, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, and technology adoption: the ...African Potato Association (APA)
Demese Chnayalew,
Abstract
The crop development policies and strategies of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia focus on three major categories: food, industrial, and export crops. Among the food crops, potatoes and sweetpotatoes are valuable for food and nutrition security at household level, providing highly nutritious quality protein, vitamins, and micronutrients. Recently, potato has come to be viewed as an alternative crop for climate change adaptation, too. Despite this, the crop development policies and strategies are biased towards grain. This bias, along with related policies and strategies, has partly contributed to the low levels of cultivated area and production of root and tubers in general and potato and sweetpotato in particular. Within an agricultural research and development environment dominated by grain development policies and strategies, however, research and extension institutions never quit generating, developing, multiplying, and distributing improved potato and sweetpotato technologies, including varieties and agronomic practices. This paper assesses the technology generation and adoption in different parts of the country; it analyses existing policies, strategies, and institutional arrangements. Information generated through documentation review and discussions with selected and targeted key informants provided adoption levels of improved potato and sweetpotato varieties, and helps to explain existing constraints and plausible solutions for increased productivity and production. Comparative analysis is also made with other developing countries, specifically those in the East Africa region as a whole
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Sess14 2 etienne_th5_abs104
- 1. Addressing the changing consumer behaviour in the South African market Etienne Booyens
- 2. Challenging economic climate • Household consumption expenditure - slower that anticipated (Household consumption expenditure increased by only 3.5% year-on-year in 2012); • High unemployment levels are contributing to the pressure on consumers’ spending (2012 unemployment remained high at 24.5%); • Substantial household debt and low savings (SA has just below 20 million credit active consumers, of which a significant 47% have impaired credit records); • Rising inflation (From February 2011 to February 2013 (i.e. over two years) the CPI increased by 12.3%);
- 3. Source: NAMC Food Price Monitor SA EXPENDITURE ON FOOD 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 Jul‐08 Sep‐08 Nov‐08 Jan‐09 Mar‐09 May‐09 Jul‐09 Sep‐09 Nov‐09 Jan‐10 Mar‐10 May‐10 Jul‐10 Sep‐10 Nov‐10 Jan‐11 Mar‐11 May‐11 Jul‐11 Sep‐11 Nov‐11 Jan‐12 Mar‐12 May‐12 Jul‐12 Sep‐12 Nov‐12 Jan‐13 The cost of a basic food basket expressed as a share of the average monthly income of the poorest 30 % of the population 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 Jul‐08 Sep‐08 Nov‐08 Jan‐09 Mar‐09 May‐09 Jul‐09 Sep‐09 Nov‐09 Jan‐10 Mar‐10 May‐10 Jul‐10 Sep‐10 Nov‐10 Jan‐11 Mar‐11 May‐11 Jul‐11 Sep‐11 Nov‐11 Jan‐12 Mar‐12 May‐12 Jul‐12 Sep‐12 Nov‐12 Jan‐13 The cost of a basic food basket expressed as a share of the average monthly income of the wealthiest 30 % of the population 29 % 40.4 % 2.3 % 3.2 %
- 4. The impact of these economic conditions on the consumer • Strong focus on good value; • More price sensitive; • Better planned consumer spending (less impulsive purchases); • More attention to sales / promotions; • Focus on convenient (and often nearby) location of retailers; • Focus on ‘tried and trusted’ products; • Increased focus on home-prepared meals; • Availability of high quality fresh produce; and • Products delivering health and safety at an affordable price. 4
- 5. The good news……. Living Standard Measures (LSM®) 5
- 6. 6 Source: Stats SA, 2013. Expenditure patterns 0 10 20 30 40 Lower 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Upper Total Percentage Income deciles Food and non‐alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furnishings, househould equipment and routine maintenance of the dwelling Health Transport Communication Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels
- 7. Private consumption expenditure on food 7 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Million Rand MEAT BREAD & GRAIN SUGAR MILK & MILK PRODUCTS OILS & FATS POTATOES FRUIT&VEG OTHER COFFEE, TEA Source: DAFF, 2013.
- 8. Food affordability in South Africa: Price remains important 8 Cost of NAMC Food Basket in 2010, 2011 and 2012 prices for each item Sources: For 2001 from Jacobs, 2009. StatsSA & AC Nielsen (2005, 2013) Food groups and items 2010 2011 2012 Bread and cereals Loaf of brown bread 700g 7.06 7.70 8.45 Loaf of white bread 700g 7.88 8.65 9.46 Maize special 5kg 16.64 17.71 26.95 Rice 2kg 21.41 20.42 21.51 Beef brisket - fresh per kg 45.26 51.34 57.55 Whole chicken - fresh per kg 28.29 29.37 32.20 Fish (excl tuna) - tinned 425g 12.12 11.33 12.08 Dairy and eggs Full cream milk - fresh 1ℓ 8.55 6.78 9.38 Eggs 2.5 dozen 34.45 33.58 35.79 Fruit Apples - fresh per kg 12.13 13.28 13.55 Bananas - fresh per kg 9.69 10.27 11.00 Oranges - fresh per kg 7.39 7.14 7.87 Vegetables Potatoes - fresh per kg 9.25 9.87 9.03 Tomatoes - fresh per kg 14.73 9.15 9.86 NAMC food basket 396.43 418.82 451.08
- 9. How do we create consumer awareness of potatoes? 9 NUTRITION TABLE FOR LABELLING PURPOSES
- 10. Allowed claims for general potatoes 10
- 11. Potato cultivar classification system 11
- 12. Price and income is simple to measure. However the impact of awareness on SA consumers can only be measured over an extended period Measuring marketing results
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- 17. Potatoes and sport 17 The Comrades Marathon • Approximately 20 000 runners • 90 km endurance race • Potato South African (11 potato fuel stations along the route) • Potatoes has become known for preferred carbo-loading food for endurance races • Also involved in other endurance sport e.g. soccer and cycling.
- 18. Comrades
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