All about silks and sericulture, types of silk, different types of silk worms in india, manufacturing process of silk

1. Sericulture & Silk
Loukya
Meda

2. Silk
• CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF SILK IS
KNOWN AS SERICULTURE
• SILK ORIGINATED IN 2600 BC
• SILK IS A NATURAL PROTEIN FIBER OBTAINED
FROM THE COCOONS OF SILKWORM
• IT IS A NATURAL FILAMENT FIBER
• BEST QUALITY OF SILK – CHINA
• SILK PROTEIN IS CALLED FIBROIN
• SILK GUM IS CALLED SERICIN

3. Silk Worm
IN INDIA SILK IS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF SILKWORM
MULBERRY SILK - BOMBYX MORI L
MUGA SILK - ANTHERAEA ASSAMENSIS
ERI SILK - SAMIA RICINI AND PHILOSAMIA RICINI
TUSSAR SILK - ANTHERAEA MYLITTE DURY

4. ERI SILK
MUGA SILKTUSSAR SILK
MULBERRY SILK
Silk Cloth

5. Silk Manufacture
Cocoon
Cultivation
Softening the Seracin
Reeling the
Filament
Sorting
Cocoons
Throwing
Degumming of
Thrown Silk
Filature
Operation

6. CULTIVATION
LIFE CYCLE OF A SILK WORM

7. SORTING - Sorting Cocoons is the
process in which cocoons are first
sorted according to color, size shape
and texture. Cocoon from China are
white, Japanese cocoons are creamy
white and yellow and Italian cocoons
are yellow.
Filature Operation
The different operation are:
• Sorting Cocoons
• Softening the sericin
• Reeling the filament
The Cocoons are delivered to the factory called Filature
for different process to unwind the silk.
CHINA JAPANESE ITALIAN

8. Softening the Sericin is the process in
which cocoons are heated in boiling
water to soften the gummy substance
that holds the cocoon filament. Raw
silk consist of about 80% fibroin and
20% Sericin.
FILATURE OPERATION
Softening and Reeling
Reeling the Filament is the process of
unwinding the filament from the
cocoon
• Silk filaments are unwound in the
reel and combined together to make
thread of raw silk.
• The filaments from 4 to 8 cocoons
are joined.
• The resulting is called raw silk,
which is consists usually of 48
individual silk fiber.
• The sericin acts as adhesive in
holding the several filaments.
• The length of the reeled filament is

9. • `Twisting one or more threads of raw silk into a strand sufficiently
strong for weaving or knitting
• Raw silk skeins are sorted according to size, color and length or quality
• It is then soaked in warm water with soap and oil
• After mechanical drying the skeins are wound on bobbins
• During this winding, single strands may be given any desired amount of
twist
• If two or more yarns are to be doubled, they are twisted again in same
direction
Throwing Process

10. Degumming
involves putting thrown silk
yarn through final soap
bath to remove the sericin.
This process brings out the
natural luster and soft feel
of the silk. 25% of the
weight is lost by this
process. After
degumming, the silk fiber
is creamy white and less
stiff
Degumming Of Thrown Silk

11. WEAVING AND DYEING
Weaving is an operation which creates a
fabric by interlacing the wrap yarns
(lengthwise) and the weft
yarns. Weaving is carried out on looms.
Dyeing is the process of adding color
to silk fibers, yarns,
and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done
in a
special solution containing dyes and
particular chemical material. After
dyeing, dye molecules have
uncut chemical bond with fiber
molecules. The temperature and time
controlling are two key factors in