Presentation by Yao-Min (Frank) Fang during the Sensor Web System and Visualization paper session of the Sensor Web Enablement workshop (held during the 2011 Cybera Summit).

1. Sensor Web Enablement for
Debris Flow Monitoring System
in Taiwan
Yao-Min (Frank) Fang
Geographic Information Systems
Research Center
Feng Chia University
Taiwan
OGC Compliance
Testing Center www.gis.tw

2. 01.白布帆站 (Baibufan Station) Monitoring Stations
02.九份二山站 (Jiufen-Ershan Station)
03.神木站 (Shenmu Station)
04.上安站 (Shang-an Station)
05.郡坑站 (Jyunkeng Station)
06.豐丘站 (Fongciou Station)
07.大粗坑站 (Dacukeng Station)
08.鳳義坑站 (Fongyikeng Station)
09.射馬干站 (Shemangan Station)
10.華山站 (Huashan Station)
11.大興站 (Dasing Station)
12.豐山站 (Fongshan Station)
13.松鶴站 (Songhe Station)
14.坪頂站 (PingDing Station)
15.蘇樂站 (Suru Station)
16.玉峰站 (Yufong Station)
17下田埔站 (Shiatainpu Station)
18.羌黃坑站 (Cianghuangkeng Station)
19.集來站 (Jilai Station)
20.來義站 (Laiyi Station)
21.大鳥站 (Daniao Station)
22.南豐站 (Nanfeng Station)
Debris Flow Monitoring Station×18
Landslide Monitoring Station×3
Sediment Concentration Monitoring Station×4
Mobile Debris Flow Monitoring Station ×3
Portable Unit ×14
2

3. Sensors of Permanent monitoring station
Geophone ultrasonic water level
rain gauge Transmitter
wire sensors CCD camera and infrared spotlight

4. Permanent Debris Flow Monitoring
Station– Jioufen-ershan

5. Sensors in Debris Flow Monitoring
Station
Geophone Meteorological
sensors
Solar irradiation sensor
Water Level Meter CCD Camera
Temperature and Atmospheric
humidity sensor pressure sensor
Soil water Wire Sensor Wind speeds and
content sensor directions sensor

6. Debris Flow Monitoring Information
System – Shenmu Station

7. Current Debris Flow Monitoring System
Real –time data is transmitted
to ERC at SWCB by advanced
communication technology,
3.5G
such as satellite, 3.5G, and
Internet.
Cell phones
Rain Gauge Geophone
Mobile Station
Emergency Response Center Online Notice
Meteorological Wire Sensor
Instrument
CCD Water Content
Radar Water On-Site Station
Level Gauge Power Supply Risk Mgmt.

8. Typhoon MORAKOT
Shen-Mu Debris Flow
Monitoring Station

9. The Debris Flow Event of Aiyuzi
River (8/8 16:57)
Aiyuzi River CCD image (front) Aiyuzi River CCD image (side)

10. The comparison of UAV images before and
after the debris flow event at upstream

11. 8/8 4:11
8/8 04:39
Wire 1 broke
Wire 2 broke
20
0 時雨量(mm)
20 9/8/
0 6
20 9/8/ 09:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
The heaviest 80
90
0 6 0
2009/08/08 04:35
20 9/8/ 13: 0
1500mm
09 6 1 00
20 /8/ 7:
0 6 0
82mm/per hour
20 9/8/ 21: 0
0 7 00
Aiyuzi River wire broke
20 9/8/ 01:
0 7 0
Accumulate rainfall：
20 9/8/ 05: 0
rainfall ：
09 7 0 00
20 /8/ 9:
0 7 0
20 9/8/ 13: 0
09 7 1 00
2 0 /8 / 7:
0 7 0
20 9/8/ 21: 0
0 8 00
20 9/8/ 01:
0 8 0
20 9/8/ 05: 0
09 8 0 00
20 /8/ 9:
0 8 0
20 9/8/ 13: 0
09 8 1 00
2 0 / 8 / 7:
0 8 0
20 9/8/ 21: 0
0 9 00
20 9/8/ 01:
09 9 0 00
神木時雨量
20 /8/ 5:
0 9 0
20 9/8/ 09: 0
0 9 0
時間
20 9/8/ 13: 0
09 9 1 00
2 0 /8 7
0 / :
20 9/8/ 9 21 00
0 1 :
20 9/8/ 0 01 00
09 10 :0
神木累積雨量
20 /8/ 05 0
0 1 :0
2009/08/08 04:39
20 9/8/ 0 09 0
0 1 :
20 9/8/ 0 13 00
09 10 :0
20 /8/ 17 0
0 1 :
20 9/8/ 0 21 00
0 1 :
20 9/8/ 1 01 00
0 1 :
20 9/8/ 1 05 00
09 11 :0
20 /8/ 09 0
0 1 :0
20 9/8/ 1 13 0
09 11 :0
/8 17 0
/1 :0
1 0
21
:0
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
累積雨量(mm)
2009/08/08 04:41
Aiyuzi River Debris Flow Event

12. Estimating of debris flow velocity
50m
50m/3sec=17m/s
10 seconds
173m/10sec=17m/s
The comparison of downstream and midstream Underground
Sound analysis by Wavelet Transform at Shen-Mu station
(8/8 4:36~4:42)

13. Mobile Debris Flow Monitoring Station

14. The 4th Generation Mobile
Station

15. 4thS Mobile monitoring station

16. Challenges on Extreme Weather Condition
after Typhoon Morakot

17. Compound Hazards occurred
simultaneously:
Compound hazards occurred 甲仙鄉小林村災害
at Xiao-lin Village, Jia-xien, (複合型災害)
Kaoshiung:
 Flooding Pre-typhoon
 Shallow landslide 2008/11
 Debris flow
 Deep landslide
 Barrier dam Post-Morakot
 Dam bursting 2009/8

18. Basin-Wide Monitoring
Network Transmitting
to ERC
Upper Stream
Portable Units
Midstream
Mobile Station
On call for
hazard alert and
response
Long-term
Monitoring On-Site Station
Stream
Down
Hazard Alert & Response Time

19. Basin-Wide Monitoring Network
 PointLinePlane: extended to
upper stream and the source of
debris, considering a whole
watershed.
 Combining on-site, mobile station,
UAV
and portable units.
Portable Unit
 Integrating data from different
agencies.
Mobile Station
地聲
On-Site
日照輻射計
Station CCD
自動溫濕度
水位計
計 大氣壓力計
土壤含水量 鋼索 風力風向計
土石流觀測站先進量測儀器

20. Portable Unit

21. Portable Unit R&D
Design Conception
OGC‐SWE
Standard
Easy to Basic monitoring
Transport functions
Flexible on Various
Instrument Communication Lightweight
Installation Options
Plug-and-Play Easy to Operate
Power Supply
21

22. Portable Unit R&D
Container and Carrier Design Aluminum-alloy carrier
Carry on shoulder or
Military-standard box drag by hand
Full-Function Model
Use cables and nails to 96cm
fix the box. CCD box 16cm 10kg
Power Units 23cm 20kg
56cm
Intermediate
Main
63cm 35kg
Box
Basic &
Model
50cm
35cm
22

23. Portable Unit R&D
Rain
Touch gauge
Screen
Control
interface Data
Geophone Processing
Soil Units
water
moisture Data
Power Transmitter
Units
23

24. Receiving
Storage
Rain gauge Soil moisture meter Receiver Computing
Communication SWCB
Geophone AD Converter Wild Box Module
SAS
CCD Camera
Portable NCDR
Unit
GetObservation() WRA
SOS
Portable Unit1
SPS MOTC
Portable Unit2
CWB
CWB SWCB WRA Portable Unit3

25. Sweet SWE Server
Sensor
Sweet SWE Sensor
Server
Sensor
Application
2011 Geoinformatics Interoperability Days

26. Sweet SWE Server
Sweet SWE Server
SOS
Management Task
OBSERVE
WS
SOS
SPS Service Storage
WNS DB
DB Server
(c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

27. Portable Units

28. Landslide Monitoring
Building
Landslide

29. Landslide Monitoring
Landslide

30. Landslide Monitoring
Setup Mobile Station Carry on portable unit
Carry down to top of
security the landslide

31. Landslide Monitoring
Setup portable unit
Working

32. Landslide monitoring system
Window

33. SWE implemented in our monitoring
information service platform
 Monitoring information
service has integrated to
debris flow forecasting
system.

34. SWE implemented in monitoring information
service platform  Monitoring information
service has integrated to
debris flow forecasting
http://monitor.swcb.gov.tw system.
 User can click on sensor
location and inquire
observation data directly.

35. SWE implemented in monitoring information
service platform  Monitoring information
service has integrated to
debris flow forecasting
http://monitor.swcb.gov.tw system.
 User can click on sensor
location and inquire
observation data directly.
 External AP can request
observed data published
in our service platform
Cite observed data
External AP

36. Conclusions
 Use 3S technique and a complete monitoring and
management system to provide complex type of
hazards’ real-time data.
 Integrate information and data from agencies by
OGC’s SWE standard.
 The portable unit includes PAC, battery,
communication, CCD camera, geophone, handy rain
gauge, soil moisture sensor and Sweet Swe Server.
 The portable unit had been approved a success on
monitoring landslide and providing SWE-standard
data to different agencies.

37. Thanks for your attention