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1. Euphemisms are polite expressions used in place of unpleasant or harsh phrases. They are commonly used in political speeches to soften unpleasant truths and references to death, disability, imprisonment, and other sensitive topics.
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1. Conceptual meaning refers to the literal or dictionary definition of a word.
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AlMeteb 1Essay 3 Examination of a WordAssignment This 4 .docx
AlMeteb 1
Essay 3: Examination of a Word
Assignment: This 4 to 6 page essay will require you to choose one meaningful word to you. It can be a word for which you are already very familiar, or a new word you learned this semester; however, it must be a content word rather than a function word, as we discussed in class (i.e. content words are nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and full verbs, whereas function words are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, particles and auxiliary verbs). In this academic, thesis driven essay, you should:
· carefully define what the word is and its part of speech (which could be included in the definition)
· explain why the word is meaningful to you, including how and why you interpret the word the way you do
· argue why it’s a significant word in our language today
· illustrate how the word has changed over time (i.e. sick used to mean “physically ill,” now it has evolved into “cool” or “awesome”)
· describe in detail how this word could potentially affect other people who hear it, or are called it
· describe how the word affects you
If you need help expanding your essay, consider these questions as you construct your work:
· Why did you decide to choose this word?
· Most words change in their definition over time; to what extent has this word you’ve chosen changed? Has it changed very much? Very little? In what way?
· Do you wish to argue that the word’s meaning should be changed?
· Do you have a significant personal experience with this word? Did hearing this word, or being called this word, make you feel great? Happy? Enthusiastic? Offended? Sad? Angry?
Ultimately, the essay should concern itself with the word’s meaning to you and how you perceive its impact on other people, not what the dictionary or other people perceive it to be. You must, however, cite the dictionary to define the word in contrast to how you define it, and at least two other academic sources (you may not use Wikipedia).
Objectives:
· demonstrate your expertise in structuring paragraphs in the statement, support, example method
· effectively use the rhetorical tools of definition, cause and effect, and argument and persuasion to clearly express your thoughts
· illuminate the exigence (or important purpose) of your topic
· produce writing that contains vivid details, significance, and evidence that supports claims that you make (i.e. what do you want a reader to learn from what you’ve written based on a combination of facts and opinions?)
· exhibit critical thinking skills that prove you’ve carefully reflected on the topic
Rules:
· must use a minimum of three academic sources
· must adhere to MLA format
· must be carefully proofread, and checked for grammar and spelling
· must be stapled, typewritten in 12 point Times New Roman Font
· thoughtfully titled
· must follow explicitly what this assignment is asking you to do
· must not be a narrative essay that tells a story; this is a research paper based on your observations a.
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This document discusses several theories of meaning:
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- Use theory argues meaning depends on a word's conventional use rather than reference.
- Speech act theory proposes words can perform actions like promising or requesting.
- Hermeneutic theory interprets meaning through analyzing related concepts within a text.
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- Setting, which helps set the mood of a story and influences characters
- Characterization, specifically protagonists, antagonists, and foils
- Types of character development and points of view
- Common types of conflicts such as man vs man, nature, society, and self
- Literary devices like foreshadowing, irony, tone, mood, symbolism, and theme
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This document discusses the seven types of meaning in semantics according to Geoffrey Leech:
1. Conceptual meaning refers to the literal or dictionary definition of a word.
2. Connotative meaning involves the social and cultural values associated with a word.
3. Social meaning depends on aspects of society and dialect.
4. Affective meaning refers to the emotions and attitudes conveyed.
5. Reflective meaning involves multiple conceptual meanings from a single sense.
6. Collocative meaning consists of associations acquired based on common words in the environment.
7. Thematic meaning is communicated through how the message is organized, ordered and emphasized.
AlMeteb 1Essay 3 Examination of a WordAssignment This 4 .docx
AlMeteb 1
Essay 3: Examination of a Word
Assignment: This 4 to 6 page essay will require you to choose one meaningful word to you. It can be a word for which you are already very familiar, or a new word you learned this semester; however, it must be a content word rather than a function word, as we discussed in class (i.e. content words are nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and full verbs, whereas function words are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, particles and auxiliary verbs). In this academic, thesis driven essay, you should:
· carefully define what the word is and its part of speech (which could be included in the definition)
· explain why the word is meaningful to you, including how and why you interpret the word the way you do
· argue why it’s a significant word in our language today
· illustrate how the word has changed over time (i.e. sick used to mean “physically ill,” now it has evolved into “cool” or “awesome”)
· describe in detail how this word could potentially affect other people who hear it, or are called it
· describe how the word affects you
If you need help expanding your essay, consider these questions as you construct your work:
· Why did you decide to choose this word?
· Most words change in their definition over time; to what extent has this word you’ve chosen changed? Has it changed very much? Very little? In what way?
· Do you wish to argue that the word’s meaning should be changed?
· Do you have a significant personal experience with this word? Did hearing this word, or being called this word, make you feel great? Happy? Enthusiastic? Offended? Sad? Angry?
Ultimately, the essay should concern itself with the word’s meaning to you and how you perceive its impact on other people, not what the dictionary or other people perceive it to be. You must, however, cite the dictionary to define the word in contrast to how you define it, and at least two other academic sources (you may not use Wikipedia).
Objectives:
· demonstrate your expertise in structuring paragraphs in the statement, support, example method
· effectively use the rhetorical tools of definition, cause and effect, and argument and persuasion to clearly express your thoughts
· illuminate the exigence (or important purpose) of your topic
· produce writing that contains vivid details, significance, and evidence that supports claims that you make (i.e. what do you want a reader to learn from what you’ve written based on a combination of facts and opinions?)
· exhibit critical thinking skills that prove you’ve carefully reflected on the topic
Rules:
· must use a minimum of three academic sources
· must adhere to MLA format
· must be carefully proofread, and checked for grammar and spelling
· must be stapled, typewritten in 12 point Times New Roman Font
· thoughtfully titled
· must follow explicitly what this assignment is asking you to do
· must not be a narrative essay that tells a story; this is a research paper based on your observations a.
Definition of Literary Devices
A literary technique also known as literary device is any standardized method an author uses to convey his or her message. This distinguishes them from literary elements, which exist inherently in literature. Visit http://literarydevices.net/ to learn more about literary devices.
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- 1. METAPHORICAL AND METONYMIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THE MOST FORMED PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE 23-28- group Xayitova Nilufar
- 2. WHAT IS METAPHORICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS. Metaphorical phraseological units are combinations of words that convey meaning beyond their literal interpretation, using metaphorical language to express abstract concepts or emotions. These units often involve figurative language and are used to create vivid imagery or convey complex ideas in a concise and impactful manner. Metaphorical phraseological units are common in everyday language and play a significant role in communication, literature, and other forms of expression.
- 3. SOME EXAMPLES: 1. "A breath of fresh air" - This phrase is used metaphorically to describe something or someone that brings new and positive change, rejuvenation, or relief. 2. "To hit the nail on the head" - This expression is used metaphorically to indicate that someone has made an accurate or precise statement or assessment. 3. "To be on cloud nine" - This phrase is used metaphorically to describe a feeling of extreme happiness or euphoria. 4. "To break the ice" - This expression is used metaphorically to describe the act of easing tension or initiating conversation in a social setting.
- 4. 5. "To have a heart of gold" - This phrase is used metaphorically to describe someone who is exceptionally kind, generous, and compassionate. Metaphorical phraseological units contribute to the richness and expressiveness of language by allowing speakers and writers to convey nuanced meanings and emotions through vivid and imaginative language. They are an important aspect of linguistic creativity and play a crucial role in shaping how we perceive and understand the world around us.
- 5. WHAT IS METONYMIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS Metonymic phraseological units are combinations of words that convey meaning through the use of metonymy, a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. Metonymy involves using a related concept, attribute, or object to represent the original idea, often based on a conceptual or contextual relationship between the two.
- 6. SOME EXAMPLES OF METONYMIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS INCLUDE: 1. "The White House" - This phrase is used metonymically to refer to the U.S. presidential administration or the executive branch of the U.S. government. 2. "The crown" - This expression is used metonymically to refer to the monarchy or the reigning monarch. 3. "Hollywood" - This phrase is used metonymically to refer to the American film industry or the entertainment business centered in Los Angeles.
- 7. 4. "The pen is mightier than the sword" - This expression uses metonymy to represent the power of writing and ideas (pen) over physical force and violence (sword). 5. "The stage" - This phrase is used metonymically to refer to the world of theater and performance. Metonymic phraseological units provide a way to express complex ideas or concepts by drawing on associations between related elements, allowing for concise and evocative language use. They are common in everyday language, literature, and other forms of communication, contributing to the richness and expressiveness of language through their ability to convey nuanced meanings and connections between different concepts.