Seminar module 5

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Selecting a Method of
Data Collection
Research Scholar: Guided by:
Mr. P. D. Kaware Dr. A. B. Raut
Date: 15/07/2020

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Contents
 Differences in methods of data collection in quantitative
and qualitative research
 Major approaches to information gathering
 Collecting data using primary sources
 Observation
 The interview
 The questionnaire
 Collecting data using secondary sources

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Differences in the methods of data collection in
quantitative and qualitative research
 Data collection can be used in both qualitative and
quantitative research.
 Difference is mainly due to the restrictions imposed on
flexibility, structure, sequential order, depth and
freedom

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Major approaches to information gathering
Information
Gathering Data
Primary Data
Primary Sources
Fresh Copy
Secondary Data
Secondary
Sources
Already
Collected

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Collecting Data Using Primary Sources
 Several methods can be used to collect primary data
 Sometimes the objectives of a study cannot be used
because of constraints
 In selecting a method of data collection, the
socioeconomic characteristics of the study population
play an important role
 To maintain quality of data, the purpose and relevance
of the study are explained to respondents

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Observation
 Used in studies relating to behavioral sciences
 Observation is a purposeful, systematic and selective
way of watching and listening
 Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method
of data collection

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Types of Observation
Types of
observation
Participant
Observation
Non-Participant
Observation

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Participant & Non-Participant Observation
 Participant observation
is when we as a
researcher, participate in
the activities
 Non-Participant
observation when we as a
researcher, do not get
involved in the activities

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Advantages of Observation Method
 Data collected at the time of occurrence of the event
 Observation is done in natural surroundings
 Sometimes, the respondents may not like to part with
some of the information. Such information can be
obtained by the researcher through observation.
 Observation can also be done on those who cannot
articulate.

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Limitations of Observation Method
 Observer might wait for longer period.
 Training of observers is required.
 This is an expensive method.
 External observation provides only superficial
indications.
 Two observers may observe the same event, but may
draw different inferences.
 Difficult to gather information on opinions & intentions.
 When individuals or groups become aware that they are
being observed, they may change their behaviour.

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The interview
 Commonly used method of collecting information
 It involves presentation of oral-verbal talks and reply in
terms of oral-verbal responses.
 Researcher have the freedom to decide questions

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Different categories of interview
Interviews
Unstructured
Interviews
Flexible Interview Structure
Flexible Interview Contents
Flexible Interview Questions
Structured
interviews
Rigid Interview Structure
Rigid Interview Contents
Rigid Interview Questions

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Advantages of the interview
 It is useful for collecting in-depth information.
 Information can be supplemented.
 Questions can be explained.
 Interviewing has a wider application.
 The interview is more appropriate for complex
situations.

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Disadvantages of the interview
 Interviewing is time consuming and expensive.
 The quality of data depends upon the quality of the
interaction.
 The quality of data depends upon the quality of the
interviewer.
 The quality of data may vary when many interviewers
are used.

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The questionnaire
 Quite popular and particularly used in big enquiries
 A questionnaire is a written list of questions.
 It is important that the questions are clear and easy to
understand.
 Questionnaire developed in an interactive style.

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Ways of administering a questionnaire
 The mailed questionnaire
 Send the questionnaire to prospective respondents by mail
 Collective administration
 Best ways of managing a questionnaire is to obtain a captive
audience
 Administration in a public place
 Public place such as a shopping centre, health centre,
hospital, school or pub

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Advantages of a questionnaire
 It is less expensive.
 It offers greater anonymity.

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Disadvantages of a questionnaire
 Application is limited.
 The response rate is low.
 There is a self-selecting bias.
 Opportunity to clarify issues is lacking.
 The response to a question may be influenced by the
response to other questions.
 It is possible to consult others.
 A response cannot be supplemented with other
information.

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Collecting data using secondary sources
 Secondary data means data that are already available.
 Both qualitative and quantitative research studies use
secondary sources as a method of data collection.

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Published data are available in:
 Government or semi-government publications
 Earlier research
 Personal records
 Mass media

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Problems with using data from secondary sources
 Validity and reliability
 Personal bias
 Availability of data
 Format

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Literature Review Submitted on:
Research Field : Computer Science & Engineering
Research Area : Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Research Topic: Sentiment Analysis On Social Networking Site
 In today’s world, sentiment analysis (SA) stands as the prominent research
topic in demand under the Natural Language Processing (NLP).
 The fundamental objective of this research topic is to spot out the emotions
and opinions of the users via a text basis.
 Sentiment analysis is nontrivial task, many challenges still not addressed and
resolve efficiently. Sentiment analysis highlight the most important challenges
that are faced by sentiment Analysis (SA) are Language-oriented Issues,
Detection of spam and fake reviews, Negation handling, Spam and Fake
Opinions on Social Sites etc.
 So, we need to develop the appropriate techniques and advance algorithms
for detecting and filtering out the faked opinions in the collected dataset, build
robust method for negation handling, building language-oriented lexicons and
dictionaries, solve language related issues etc.

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References
 Ranjit Kumar, "Research Methodology: A Step by Step
Guide for Beginners", SAGE Publications Ltd., 2011.
 C. R. Kothari ,"Research Methodology: Methods and
Trends", New Age International,2004

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H.V.P.M’s
College of Engineering & Technology,
Amravati-444605,
Maharashtra, India.
Thank You !!!