This document outlines the syllabus for the B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering semester VII course EE6701 High Voltage Engineering. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) over voltages in power systems and protection against overvoltages, (2) dielectric breakdown mechanisms, (3) generation of high voltages and currents, (4) measurement of high voltages and currents, and (5) high voltage testing and insulation coordination. It also outlines the syllabus for another semester VII course EE6702 Protection and Switchgear which covers protective relaying schemes, electromagnetic relays, apparatus protection, static and numerical relays, and circuit breakers. Finally, it provides the list of experiments for the power system simulation laboratory course EE
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
pq and facts Power Quality problems in distribution systems:
Transient and Steady state variations in voltage and frequency. Unbalance, Sags, Swells, Interruptions,
Wave-form Distortions: harmonics, noise, notching, dc-offsets, fluctuations. Flicker and its
measurement
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
pq and facts Power Quality problems in distribution systems:
Transient and Steady state variations in voltage and frequency. Unbalance, Sags, Swells, Interruptions,
Wave-form Distortions: harmonics, noise, notching, dc-offsets, fluctuations. Flicker and its
measurement
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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2. EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
UNIT I OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
Causes of
over voltages and its effects on power system – Lightning, switching
surges and temporary overvoltages, Corona and its effects –
Reflection and Refraction of Travelling waves- Protection against
overvoltages.
UNIT II DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN
Gaseous breakdown in uniform
and non-uniform fields – Corona discharges – Vacuum breakdown –
Conduction and breakdown in pure and commercial liquids,
Maintenance of oil Quality – Breakdown mechanisms in solid and
composite dielectrics.
UNIT III GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH
CURRENTS
Generation of High DC, AC, impulse voltages and
currents - Triggering and control of impulse generators.
UNIT IV MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH
CURRENTS
High Resistance with series ammeter – Dividers,
Resistance, Capacitance and Mixed dividers – Peak Voltmeter,
Generating Voltmeters - Capacitance Voltage Transformers,
Electrostatic Voltmeters –Sphere Gaps - High current shunts- Digital
techniques in high voltage measurement.
UNIT V HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING & INSULATION
COORDINATION
High voltage testing of electrical power apparatus
as per International and Indian standards – Power frequency,
impulse voltage and DC testing of Insulators, circuit breakers,
bushing, isolators and transformers- Insulation Coordination.
3. EE6702 PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR
UNIT I PROTECTION SCHEMES
Principles and need for protective
schemes – nature and causes of faults – types of faults – fault current
calculation using symmetrical components – Methods of Neutral
grounding – Zones of protection and essential qualities of protection
– Protection schemes
UNIT II ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS
Operating principles of relays - the
Universal relay – Torque equation – R-X diagram –Electromagnetic
Relays – Overcurrent, Directional, Distance, Differential, Negative
sequence and Under frequency relays.
UNIT III APPARATUS PROTECTION
Current transformers and
Potential transformers and their applications in protection schemes
-Protection of transformer, generator, motor, busbars and
transmission line.
UNIT IV STATIC RELAYS AND NUMERICAL PROTECTION
Static relays – Phase,
Amplitude Comparators – Synthesis of various relays using Static
comparators– Block diagram of Numerical relays – Overcurrent
protection, transformer differential protection, distant protection of
transmission lines.
UNIT V CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Physics of arcing phenomenon and arc
interruption - DC and AC circuit breaking – re-striking voltage and
recovery voltage - rate of rise of recovery voltage - resistance
switching - current chopping -interruption of capacitive current -
Types of circuit breakers – air blast, air break, oil, SF6 and vacuum
circuit breakers – comparison of different circuit breakers – Rating
and selection of Circuit breakers.
4. EE6703 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
UNIT I SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTORS
Constructional features – Types
– Axial and Radial flux motors – Operating principles – Variable Reluctance
Motors – Voltage and Torque Equations - Phasor diagram - performance
characteristics –Applications.
UNIT II STEPPER MOTORS
Constructional features – Principle of operation –
Variable reluctance motor – Hybrid motor – Single and multi stack
configurations – Torque equations – Modes of excitation – Characteristics –
Drive circuits – Microprocessor control of stepper motors – Closed loop
control-Concept of lead angle–Applications.
UNIT III SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS (SRM)
Constructional features – Rotary
and Linear SRM - Principle of operation – Torque production –Steady state
performance prediction- Analytical method -Power Converters and their
controllers –Methods of Rotor position sensing – Sensor less operation –
Characteristics and Closed loop control– Applications.
UNIT IV PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS D.C. MOTORS
Permanent Magnet materials – Minor hysteresis
loop and recoil line-Magnetic Characteristics –Permeance coefficient -
Principle of operation – Types – Magnetic circuit analysis – EMF and torque
equations –Commutation - Power Converter Circuits and their controllers –
Motor characteristics and control– Applications.
UNIT V PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (PMSM)
Principle of operation – Ideal PMSM –
EMF and Torque equations – Armature MMF – Synchronous Reactance – Sine
wave motor with practical windings - Phasor diagram – Torque/speed
characteristics - Power controllers - Converter Volt-ampere requirements–
Applications.
5. MG6851 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
Definition of Management –
Science or Art – Manager Vs Entrepreneur - types of managers -managerial
roles and skills – Evolution of Management – Scientific, human relations ,
system and contingency approaches – Types of Business organization - Sole
proprietorship, partnership,company-public and private sector enterprises -
Organization culture and Environment – Current trends and issues in
Management.
UNIT II PLANNING
Nature and purpose of planning – planning process –
types of planning – objectives – setting objectives – policies – Planning
premises – Strategic Management – Planning Tools and Techniques– Decision
making steps and process.
UNIT III ORGANISING
Nature and purpose – Formal and informal
organization – organization chart – organization structure– types – Line and
staff authority – departmentalization – delegation of authority – centralization
and decentralization – Job Design - Human Resource Management – HR
Planning, Recruitment,selection, Training and Development, Performance
Management , Career planning and management.
UNIT IV DIRECTING
Foundations of individual and group behaviour –
motivation – motivation theories – motivational techniques – job satisfaction –
job enrichment – leadership – types and theories of leadership –
communication – process of communication – barrier in communication –
effective communication –
communication and IT.
UNIT V CONTROLLING
System and process of controlling – budgetary and
non-budgetary control techniques – use of computers and IT in Management
control – Productivity problems and management – control and performance
– direct and preventive control – reporting.
6. EE6004 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Reactive power control in electrical power
transmission lines -Uncompensated transmission line -series compensation –
Basic concepts of Static Var Compensator (SVC) – Thyristor Controlled Series
capacitor (TCSC) – Unified power flow controller (UPFC).
UNIT II STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC) AND APPLICATIONS
Voltage control by SVC –
Advantages of slope in dynamic characteristics – Influence of SVC on system
voltage – Design of SVC voltage regulator – Modelling of SVC for power flow
and fast transient stability – Applications: Enhancement of transient stability –
Steady state power transfer –Enhancement of power system damping.
UNIT III THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR (TCSC) AND
APPLICATIONS
Operation of the TCSC – Different modes of operation –
Modelling of TCSC – Variable reactance model – Modelling for Power Flow and
stability studies. Applications: Improvement of the system stability limit –
Enhancement of system damping.
UNIT IV VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER BASED FACTS CONTROLLERS
Static Synchronous Compensator
(STATCOM) – Principle of operation – V-I Characteristics.Applications: Steady
state power transfer-enhancement of transient stability - prevention of
voltage instability. SSSC-operation of SSSC and the control of power flow –
modelling of SSSC in load flow and transient stability studies.
UNIT V CO-ORDINATION OF FACTS CONTROLLERS
Controller interactions –
SVC – SVC interaction – Co-ordination of multiple controllers using linear
control techniques – Control coordination using genetic algorithms.
7. EE6005 POWER QUALITY
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
Terms and definitions:
Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients – short
duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as
sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage
imbalance - voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International
standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers
Associations (CBEMA) curve.
UNIT II VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS
Sources of sags and
interruptions - estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin’s equivalent
source- analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due
to induction motor starting.Estimation of the sag severity - mitigation of
voltage sags, active series compensators. Static transfer switches and fast
transfer switches.
UNIT III OVERVOLTAGES
Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching –
lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low
pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection – shielding – line
arresters - protection of transformers and cables. An introduction to computer
analysis tools for transients, PSCAD and EMTP.
UNIT IV HARMONICS
Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial
loads, locating harmonic sources.Power system response characteristics -
Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics - harmonic distortion – voltage
and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – resonance.
Harmonic distortion evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion -
passive and active filters. IEEE and IEC standards.
UNIT V POWER QUALITY MONITORING
Monitoring considerations - monitoring
and diagnostic techniques for various power quality problems -modeling of
power quality (harmonics and voltage sag) problems by mathematical
simulation tools -power line disturbance analyzer – quality measurement
equipment - harmonic / spectrum analyzer -flicker meters - disturbance
analyzer. Applications of expert systems for power quality monitoring.
8. EE6008 MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM DESIGN
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PIC MICROCONTROLLER
Introduction to PIC
Microcontroller–PIC 16C6x and PIC16C7x Architecture–PIC16cxx–-
Pipelining -Program Memory considerations – Register File
Structure - Instruction Set - Addressing modes –Simple Operations.
UNIT II INTERRUPTS AND TIMER
PIC micro controller Interrupts-
External Interrupts-Interrupt Programming–Loop time subroutine -
Timers-Timer Programming– Front panel I/O-Soft Keys– State
machines and key switches– Display of Constant and Variable
strings.
UNIT III PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACING
I2C Bus for Peripherals
Chip Access– Bus operation-Bus subroutines– Serial EEPROM—
Analog to Digital Converter–UART-Baud rate selection–Data
handling circuit–Initialization - LCD and keyboard Interfacing -ADC,
DAC, and Sensor Interfacing.
UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO ARM PROCESSOR
ARM Architecture –ARM
programmer’s model –ARM Development tools- Memory Hierarchy
–ARM Assembly Language Programming–Simple Examples–
Architectural Support for Operating systems.
UNIT V ARM ORGANIZATION
3-Stage Pipeline ARM Organization– 5-Stage
Pipeline ARM Organization–ARM Instruction Execution- ARM
Implementation– ARM Instruction Set– ARM coprocessor interface–
Architectural support for High Level Languages – Embedded ARM
Applications.
9. EE6711 POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION
LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Computation of Parameters and Modelling of Transmission Lines
2. Formation of Bus Admittance and Impedance Matrices and
Solution of Networks.
3. Load Flow Analysis - I : Solution of load flow and related problems
using Gauss-Seidel Method
4. Load Flow Analysis - II: Solution of load flow and related
problems using Newton Raphson.
5. Fault Analysis
6. Transient and Small Signal Stability Analysis: Single-Machine
Infinite Bus System
7. Transient Stability Analysis of Multi machine Power Systems
8. Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems
9. Load – Frequency Dynamics of Single- Area and Two-Area Power
Systems
10. Economic Dispatch in Power Systems.
EE6712 COMPREHENSION
METHOD OF EVALUATION:-
The students will be
assessed 100% internally through weekly test with objective
type questions on all the subject related topics