Self-directed learning necessary for effective lifelong learning and many skills of students are expected to improve. Traditional learning methods are ineffective and passive instructional method. Students' nurses need to be educated and periodically reinforce their knowledge through seminars and
workshops to ensure high understanding of how to prevent communicable diseases transmission.. Aim of study: evaluate the self-learning versus traditional learning regarding safety measures in emergency unit. Research Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study will be conducted in nursing schools at Abbasiya district (Dar El Shifa School and psychiatric health school). Study sample: A purposive sample was collected; it consisted of 120 students nurses, first class, both genders, Tools: three tool was used pre/post in this study: 1- Structured Interviewing Questionnaire to assess characteristic and knowledge of studied students 2- Observation checklists to assess students, performance post implementation of two learning methods. 3- Students, opinion sheet to assess student's satisfaction regarding self-learning and traditional learning method assess the environment
of the school lab. Results: there was a highly statistically significant differences in relation to knowledge about safety in the emergency unit items between pre and post program in self-learning group (P= < 0.001).while, no statistically significant differences in traditional learning group Moreover, there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total practices among studied students in self-learning and traditional-learning groups in the post program. Conclusion: In conclusion Implementation of nursing student intervention had positive effect on knowledge, and practices for two groups (self-learning& traditional learning) regarding safety measure in emergency unit. Recommendation: developing educational programs for enhancing students' awareness about safety measures in emergency unit should be a priority in nursing schools to ensure early protective from infection. Raise nursing student's awareness regarding safety measures by using self-learning.
chapter 9 interprofessional practice, education, and research1. .docxchristinemaritza
chapter 9 interprofessional practice, education, and research
1. All health professionals and administrators have a duty to prevent avoidable injury and harm to all patients who receive health care in the United States. “Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future; practice these acts. As to diseases, make a habit of two things—to help, or at leastp.254
2. to do no harm” (Hippocrates, Epidemics , Bk. 1, Sect. XI).p.254
3. Students of the health professions need to understand the science of safety and the translation of new discoveries for safer care delivery into practice. Patient harm secondary to errors and mishaps results from system problems and failures. Systems have both technical and human components. Understanding this interface necessitates work-ing together as health professionals to achieve systems improvement and reduce harm and injury. Current health professions education rarely delivers common core content about the science and applica-tion of safety principles.Creighton University presently offers one of the most comprehen-sive interdisciplinary patient safety courses in the country, entitled Interprofessional Education 410: Foundations in Patient Safety. The course has been offered since 2005 and has reached more than 500 students in training (Abbott, Fuji, Galt, & Paschal, 2012; Fuji, Paschal, Galt, & Abbott, 2010; Galt et al., 2006); however, not all students and faculty are being reached through this elective approach. Patient Safety Day was organized to reach all pre-health professions and health professions–related students on campus with a core exposure to the science of safety. The daylong event is built on the elective interprofessional core curriculum course and is offered once in each of the spring and fall semesters. The objective is to provide students and faculty with training in the science of safety simultaneous with an introduction to basic patient safety science principles in an interprofessional educational delivery framework. Content was designed to illustrate how safety impacts both the over-all healthcare system and the individual, and to apply lessons learned in a case-based interprofessional set of exercises. Three hundred fifty students participated in the first offeringp.255
4. of our Patient Safety Day, including 70 from medicine, 95 from nursing, 35 from occupational therapy, 85 from pharmacy, 57 from physical therapy, and 8 from social work. Speakers, panelists, and faculty facilitators participated from Creighton University, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, state government, and the local community.“Today you made a difference” was the theme for this Patient Safety Day, and the focus was on the most personal and often tragicp.255
5. experiences of harm and injury of passionate leaders who conduct research, teach, implement research findings into practice, or use research findings to affect policy in patient safety. The keynote speaker, Evelyn McKnight, AuD, cofounder of Hono ...
OSCE Tool for Improving B. Sc. Nursing Students' Antenatal , Examinationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
E learning vs standard lecture-which is the best approach to improve senior n...Alexander Decker
This study assessed nursing students' skills in classifying pressure ulcers and compared the effectiveness of an e-learning program versus a standard lecture. Senior nursing students were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received e-learning education on pressure ulcer classification or a control group that received a standard lecture. Both groups completed pre- and post-tests on pressure ulcer classification. The results showed that students' classification skills improved after both types of training, but improved more for the group that received e-learning education. The e-learning program was more effective than the standard lecture at enhancing nursing students' skills in pressure ulcer classification.
By administering assessments and analyzing the results, targeted aTawnaDelatorrejs
By administering assessments and analyzing the results, targeted and individualized interventions can be determined to best serve the needs of students with disabilities. The actual implementation of the interventions provides teachers opportunities to collect data and gauge the effectiveness of the interventions in addressing documented student needs. Teachers can also gain important skills and knowledge on how to best advocate for practical classroom interventions. Teachers will also be able to collaborate with colleagues and families in mentoring students to take ownership of learning strategies.
Allocate at least 2 hours in the field to support this field experience,
Part 1: Assessment and Interventions
Select at least one student to whom you will administer the informal RTI assessment created in Clinical Field Experience A. Score the assessment and share the results with the student to increase understanding of his or her strengths and areas for improvement.
Collaborate with the certified special education teacher and the student to develop 2-3 interventions based on the student assessment data to support the student’s progress in the classroom. In addition, detail one intervention that can be incorporated at home with family support.
Use any remaining field experience hours to assist the teacher in providing instruction and support to the class.
Part 2: Reflection
In 250-500 words, summarize and reflect upon the following:
· Describe each intervention, including teacher, student, and family roles, where applicable.
· Your experiences administering the assessment, analyzing the results, and providing the student feedback on his or her performance.
· Explain how you expect the interventions you developed to meet the needs of the student, incorporating his or her assessment results in your response.
· Explain how you will use your findings in your future professional practice.
APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
6
Annotated Bibliography
Student’s Name
Course
Instructor’s name.
Institutional Affiliation
October 7, 2021.
Annotated Bibliography
Ali, H., Ibrahem, S. Z., Al Mudaf, B., Al Fadalah, T., Jamal, D., & El-Jardali, F. (2018). Baseline assessment of patient safety culture in public hospitals in Kuwait. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2960-x
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study in 16 public hospitals in Kuwait using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The study aimed to assess patient safety culture in public hospitals as perceived by hospital staff and relate the findings similar to regional and international ...
Transfer of Learning using Simulation Based Education among Students of Teach...ijtsrd
Nursing is a scientific profession, based on theory and art of care. However, the theory practice gap has become the biggest challenge of this profession and decreases the quality of service both in teaching and practice. The simulation method allows students to repeatedly practice their clinical skills until they develop a sense of proficiency to learn at their own pace and to freely make mistakes. A simulation is an educational process that can replicate clinical practices in a safe environment. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how the fourth year and clinical intern nursing students perceived simulation based learning in contributing their ability to transfer their learning from theory into practice. Objectives To explore the conceptualization of Simulation based learning amongst final year and intern nursing students, and to explore their challenges and perception in implementing it, during their clinical practice. Methods The study used descriptive mixed method and data was collected using focus groups and pre validated semi structured questionnaire. All focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and narratives were compared with the recordings to establish accuracy, credibility and reliability of data. Qualitative narratives were translated to English and analysed through an inductive thematic content analysis. Results Two major themes were identified Self confidence and satisfaction subcategorized in terms of enhancing collaboration, improve personal and interpersonal skills, and patient outcomes. Sahar Mohammed Aly | Pushpamala Ramaiah | Sushmitha Ramaiah | Tasnim Atef Elgazzar "Transfer of Learning using Simulation Based Education among Students of Teaching Institutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29707.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/29707/transfer-of-learning-using-simulation-based-education-among-students-of-teaching-institutions/sahar-mohammed-aly
Educational technology was found to have a positive effect on nursing students' clinical competency skills and satisfaction levels. Results showed that students who learned clinical skills like hand hygiene and injections using reusable learning objects had higher average scores on competency evaluations compared to students who learned through traditional demonstration methods. The mean differences between the groups were 2.36 for hand hygiene skills and 1.12 for injection skills, indicating reusable learning objects led to better outcomes. Overall, the study found educational technology to be an effective method for teaching nursing students important clinical skills.
Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health system worldwide. This problem requires the attention of health practitioners and health professional educators including midwives. Effective clinical decision making is among the most important skills required by healthcare practitioners in the intra-profession and interprofessional context. This study aims to explore the midwifery student's clinical decision-making ability and attitude toward interprofessional learning. This studyused quantitative design with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of research were 50 midwifery students. The instruments were The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire; and an assessment rubric of the obstetric case study. Most of the students are not ready to collaborate with other health professions (68%), and have low and moderate clinical decision-making abilities (98%). There is a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between student readiness for inter-professional collaboration with clinical decisionmaking ability. This study emphasizes that the ability of a midwife in clinical decision making, especially in emergency cases, is related to their readiness or experience in collaborating with other health professionals.
Article Challenges Of Nursing Students 2021.PdfAndrew Parish
This document discusses a study on the challenges nursing students face during their internship programs in hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. A descriptive qualitative and quantitative research design was used to collect data from 300 nursing student interns through questionnaires. The study found the main challenges were overcrowding, discrimination, cultural differences with patients, and gaps between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Recommendations included improving university education, hospital management and training, and coordination between the Ministries of Education and Health to enhance internship programs.
chapter 9 interprofessional practice, education, and research1. .docxchristinemaritza
chapter 9 interprofessional practice, education, and research
1. All health professionals and administrators have a duty to prevent avoidable injury and harm to all patients who receive health care in the United States. “Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future; practice these acts. As to diseases, make a habit of two things—to help, or at leastp.254
2. to do no harm” (Hippocrates, Epidemics , Bk. 1, Sect. XI).p.254
3. Students of the health professions need to understand the science of safety and the translation of new discoveries for safer care delivery into practice. Patient harm secondary to errors and mishaps results from system problems and failures. Systems have both technical and human components. Understanding this interface necessitates work-ing together as health professionals to achieve systems improvement and reduce harm and injury. Current health professions education rarely delivers common core content about the science and applica-tion of safety principles.Creighton University presently offers one of the most comprehen-sive interdisciplinary patient safety courses in the country, entitled Interprofessional Education 410: Foundations in Patient Safety. The course has been offered since 2005 and has reached more than 500 students in training (Abbott, Fuji, Galt, & Paschal, 2012; Fuji, Paschal, Galt, & Abbott, 2010; Galt et al., 2006); however, not all students and faculty are being reached through this elective approach. Patient Safety Day was organized to reach all pre-health professions and health professions–related students on campus with a core exposure to the science of safety. The daylong event is built on the elective interprofessional core curriculum course and is offered once in each of the spring and fall semesters. The objective is to provide students and faculty with training in the science of safety simultaneous with an introduction to basic patient safety science principles in an interprofessional educational delivery framework. Content was designed to illustrate how safety impacts both the over-all healthcare system and the individual, and to apply lessons learned in a case-based interprofessional set of exercises. Three hundred fifty students participated in the first offeringp.255
4. of our Patient Safety Day, including 70 from medicine, 95 from nursing, 35 from occupational therapy, 85 from pharmacy, 57 from physical therapy, and 8 from social work. Speakers, panelists, and faculty facilitators participated from Creighton University, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, state government, and the local community.“Today you made a difference” was the theme for this Patient Safety Day, and the focus was on the most personal and often tragicp.255
5. experiences of harm and injury of passionate leaders who conduct research, teach, implement research findings into practice, or use research findings to affect policy in patient safety. The keynote speaker, Evelyn McKnight, AuD, cofounder of Hono ...
OSCE Tool for Improving B. Sc. Nursing Students' Antenatal , Examinationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
E learning vs standard lecture-which is the best approach to improve senior n...Alexander Decker
This study assessed nursing students' skills in classifying pressure ulcers and compared the effectiveness of an e-learning program versus a standard lecture. Senior nursing students were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received e-learning education on pressure ulcer classification or a control group that received a standard lecture. Both groups completed pre- and post-tests on pressure ulcer classification. The results showed that students' classification skills improved after both types of training, but improved more for the group that received e-learning education. The e-learning program was more effective than the standard lecture at enhancing nursing students' skills in pressure ulcer classification.
By administering assessments and analyzing the results, targeted aTawnaDelatorrejs
By administering assessments and analyzing the results, targeted and individualized interventions can be determined to best serve the needs of students with disabilities. The actual implementation of the interventions provides teachers opportunities to collect data and gauge the effectiveness of the interventions in addressing documented student needs. Teachers can also gain important skills and knowledge on how to best advocate for practical classroom interventions. Teachers will also be able to collaborate with colleagues and families in mentoring students to take ownership of learning strategies.
Allocate at least 2 hours in the field to support this field experience,
Part 1: Assessment and Interventions
Select at least one student to whom you will administer the informal RTI assessment created in Clinical Field Experience A. Score the assessment and share the results with the student to increase understanding of his or her strengths and areas for improvement.
Collaborate with the certified special education teacher and the student to develop 2-3 interventions based on the student assessment data to support the student’s progress in the classroom. In addition, detail one intervention that can be incorporated at home with family support.
Use any remaining field experience hours to assist the teacher in providing instruction and support to the class.
Part 2: Reflection
In 250-500 words, summarize and reflect upon the following:
· Describe each intervention, including teacher, student, and family roles, where applicable.
· Your experiences administering the assessment, analyzing the results, and providing the student feedback on his or her performance.
· Explain how you expect the interventions you developed to meet the needs of the student, incorporating his or her assessment results in your response.
· Explain how you will use your findings in your future professional practice.
APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
6
Annotated Bibliography
Student’s Name
Course
Instructor’s name.
Institutional Affiliation
October 7, 2021.
Annotated Bibliography
Ali, H., Ibrahem, S. Z., Al Mudaf, B., Al Fadalah, T., Jamal, D., & El-Jardali, F. (2018). Baseline assessment of patient safety culture in public hospitals in Kuwait. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2960-x
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study in 16 public hospitals in Kuwait using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The study aimed to assess patient safety culture in public hospitals as perceived by hospital staff and relate the findings similar to regional and international ...
Transfer of Learning using Simulation Based Education among Students of Teach...ijtsrd
Nursing is a scientific profession, based on theory and art of care. However, the theory practice gap has become the biggest challenge of this profession and decreases the quality of service both in teaching and practice. The simulation method allows students to repeatedly practice their clinical skills until they develop a sense of proficiency to learn at their own pace and to freely make mistakes. A simulation is an educational process that can replicate clinical practices in a safe environment. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how the fourth year and clinical intern nursing students perceived simulation based learning in contributing their ability to transfer their learning from theory into practice. Objectives To explore the conceptualization of Simulation based learning amongst final year and intern nursing students, and to explore their challenges and perception in implementing it, during their clinical practice. Methods The study used descriptive mixed method and data was collected using focus groups and pre validated semi structured questionnaire. All focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and narratives were compared with the recordings to establish accuracy, credibility and reliability of data. Qualitative narratives were translated to English and analysed through an inductive thematic content analysis. Results Two major themes were identified Self confidence and satisfaction subcategorized in terms of enhancing collaboration, improve personal and interpersonal skills, and patient outcomes. Sahar Mohammed Aly | Pushpamala Ramaiah | Sushmitha Ramaiah | Tasnim Atef Elgazzar "Transfer of Learning using Simulation Based Education among Students of Teaching Institutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29707.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/29707/transfer-of-learning-using-simulation-based-education-among-students-of-teaching-institutions/sahar-mohammed-aly
Educational technology was found to have a positive effect on nursing students' clinical competency skills and satisfaction levels. Results showed that students who learned clinical skills like hand hygiene and injections using reusable learning objects had higher average scores on competency evaluations compared to students who learned through traditional demonstration methods. The mean differences between the groups were 2.36 for hand hygiene skills and 1.12 for injection skills, indicating reusable learning objects led to better outcomes. Overall, the study found educational technology to be an effective method for teaching nursing students important clinical skills.
Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health system worldwide. This problem requires the attention of health practitioners and health professional educators including midwives. Effective clinical decision making is among the most important skills required by healthcare practitioners in the intra-profession and interprofessional context. This study aims to explore the midwifery student's clinical decision-making ability and attitude toward interprofessional learning. This studyused quantitative design with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of research were 50 midwifery students. The instruments were The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire; and an assessment rubric of the obstetric case study. Most of the students are not ready to collaborate with other health professions (68%), and have low and moderate clinical decision-making abilities (98%). There is a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between student readiness for inter-professional collaboration with clinical decisionmaking ability. This study emphasizes that the ability of a midwife in clinical decision making, especially in emergency cases, is related to their readiness or experience in collaborating with other health professionals.
Article Challenges Of Nursing Students 2021.PdfAndrew Parish
This document discusses a study on the challenges nursing students face during their internship programs in hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. A descriptive qualitative and quantitative research design was used to collect data from 300 nursing student interns through questionnaires. The study found the main challenges were overcrowding, discrimination, cultural differences with patients, and gaps between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Recommendations included improving university education, hospital management and training, and coordination between the Ministries of Education and Health to enhance internship programs.
Clinical Practicum CPCU at Tanner Medical Center Reflection Paper.pdfbkbk37
The document is a reflection paper from a nursing student about their clinical practicum experiences at an intensive care unit and emergency department. It discusses four key themes: 1) The experience involved intense emotions for students, both positive feelings from patient improvements and negative feelings from serious situations and death. 2) Attitudes are important over techniques in caring for critically ill patients. 3) Students identified with nurses who could manage complex environments and provide close care to patients. 4) Students reflected on how to improve care for critically ill patients and their families.
Effect of Training Program Regarding First Aid and Basic Life Support on the ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Exploring student perceptions of health and infection: an interactive staff a...Christopher Hancock
A portion of my classmates and I, were involved an extracurricular research activity involving a study on the perceptions of health and infection among the student population. We are very proud to announce that we have authored a paper as a result of the research.
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
This study compared the effectiveness of nursing simulation versus group discussion on developing nursing students' knowledge and critical thinking abilities related to respiratory assessment.
Sixty nursing students from three colleges participated, with 30 randomly assigned to each teaching method. Both groups completed pre- and post-tests. The nursing simulation group had significantly higher post-test knowledge and critical thinking scores compared to the group discussion method.
While both teaching approaches improved students' respiratory assessment abilities from pre- to post-test, nursing simulation was found to be a more effective method for enhancing nursing students' knowledge and critical thinking compared to group discussion alone.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Hepatitis among Mothers of Schoo...ijtsrd
Acute viral hepatitis is the most common parenchymal liver disease seen in community. It is a worldwide problem including India. It occurs mainly due to unhygienic practices, unsafe water and poor environmental sanitation. It is common in children there was a need to educate this group focusing on primary prevention. one group pre test and post test design. and non probability convenient sampling technique was used and sample consisted of 30 mothers of school children Data analysis and interpretation was done using inferentional statistics It was observed that the post test mean scores was 78.36 and standard deviation was 20.723 which was significantly higher than the pretest mean value is 33.83 and standard deviation is 20.01 The t test value was 0.198 at P=0.5 level. Thus the findings of the study signify that structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of hepatitis. The researcher concluded that, the present study concluded that structured teaching programme on prevention of viral hepatitis was an effective method for providing moderate to adequate knowledge among school children to enhance their knowledge regarding prevention of viral hepatitis. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Hepatitis among Mothers of School Children, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63421.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/63421/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-hepatitis-among-mothers-of-school-children-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
The study evaluated the effectiveness of a safety simulation program involving a standardized patient for operating room nurses compared to a control group that received a lecture on safety. The simulation program was found to significantly improve nurses' safety attitudes and compliance with safety management procedures, though it did not affect their awareness of the importance of safety management. Correlations were observed between variables such as awareness, compliance, and safety attitudes.
A Study to Assess the Perception Regarding Online Education among Nursing Stu...ijtsrd
“Online learning is not the next big thing, it is the now big thing” Online learning and multimedia is the use of software programs to instruct students in content and skills and to facilitate learning in and out of the traditional classroom setting. A study to assess the perception regarding online education among nursing students at selected nursing college, Thrissur. Mrs. Siji C S | Ms. Abhisha C V | Ms. Anjali T A | Ms. Anupama R S | Ms. Asha Varkey | Ms. Feby Wilson | Ms. Jomol Varghese | Ms. Nivedhya T P | Ms. Sona Tomy "A Study to Assess the Perception Regarding Online Education among Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College, Thrissur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52743.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52743/a-study-to-assess-the-perception-regarding-online-education-among-nursing-students-at-selected-nursing-college-thrissur/mrs-siji-c-s
Mentoring, Nursing Students’ Opinions; a Pilot Studyinventionjournals
This study was conducted in order to receive the opinions of the nursing students that their clinical training carried out using one-to-one mentoring model. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 43 first-grade students of the nursing department of a university. The opinions of the students about mentoring were asked by applying a form consisting of 37 questions developed by the researchers at the end of the spring semester of 2014. Age average of the students participating in the study was :19.2±1.1. When students were asked about their opinions on mentoring model, it was determined that the practice of mentoring positively changed the perspectives of the students concerning the profession of nursing after they started receiving education (90.7 %), they wanted mentor nurses and instructors to work together in the clinic (53.3 %) and they preferred one-to-one mentoring model (55.8 %). Opinions of the students were received on the problems they encounter in clinical practices, the sources of these problems and how to increase the efficiency of clinical training. Results of our study reveal that one-to-one mentoring model has a positive impact on learning experiences of the students. Increasing the efficiency of mentoring system will increase the success of the clinical training.
A Study On The Effectiveness Of Educational Intervention Regarding First Aid ...Sheila Sinclair
This study assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the first aid knowledge and attitudes of 201 adolescent students in Kolkata, India. Baseline knowledge and attitudes were measured via a questionnaire prior to the intervention. The intervention consisted of lectures and demonstrations on managing medical emergencies. Post-intervention assessments found a statistically significant increase in knowledge with a large effect size, but only a small, non-significant increase in attitude. The study demonstrated that educational interventions can effectively improve students' first aid knowledge but may be less effective at changing attitudes.
An Exploration of the Information Literacy and Academic Writing Skills of Fin...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nursing students need information literacy and academic writing skills to conduct research. The
aim of this study was to explore the information literacy and academic writing skills of final year undergraduate
nursing students in Buea, identify the various challenges faced during academic writing and to outline their
perceived opinions on the effective assistance of educators during academic writing. A cross-sectional study
design was used. The study duration was for five months. A sample of 200 final year nursing students was
purposively selected to take part in the study from four nursing institutions in Buea, Cameroon and distributed
by probability proportionate to size. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed
descriptively using SPSS 23.0. qualitative data generated from the open-ended questions were analyzed using
thematic content analysis, grounding and transcriptions. The Chi-square test was used to measure association
between categorical variables. Majorityof the respondents reported to have moderate information literacy skills
102(51.0%) and moderate academic writing skills92(46.0%). Also, they faced challenges during academic
writing such as: poor supervision 128(64.0%), ineffective feedback from supervisors 120(60.0%), poor
knowledge on search engines 114(57.0%), incompetency making conclusions on work read 112(56.0%),
ineffective teaching of academic writing 106(53.0%) and poor usage of search engines 102(51.0%). The
respondents suggested that effective and efficient teaching of academic writing 130(65.0%), effective feedback
80(40.0%), close supervision 60(30.0%), effective teaching of information literacy 25(12.5%) and search
engines 23(11.5%), and seminars 7(3.5%) could enhance their academic writing.
KEYWORDS: Academic Writing, Buea, Challenges, Information literacy, Nursing Students, Skills,
Undergraduate
The document provides a course syllabus for Competency Appraisal II at Eastern Samar State University College of Nursing. The course aims to apply the nursing process and core competencies in caring for individuals, families, and communities. Over 90 hours, students will learn through lectures, discussions, and nursing simulations. Simulations will integrate nursing process, levels of care, and prevention for individuals with cellular abnormalities, behavioral issues, emergencies, and more. Students will also develop competencies in leadership, resource management, documentation, collaboration, quality improvement, ethics, and research through various clinical setting scenarios. Upon completion, students will be able to provide holistic nursing care and demonstrate competencies across all areas of responsibility.
This study assessed the effectiveness of an information booklet on preventing pin site infections among nursing students. In the pre-test, 61.7% of students had inadequate knowledge and 38.3% had moderate knowledge about preventing pin site infections. After reading the information booklet, 0% had inadequate knowledge in the post-test while 16.7% had moderate knowledge and 83.3% had adequate knowledge, showing the booklet improved students' understanding. The study concluded the information booklet was effective in increasing nursing students' knowledge about preventing pin site infections.
Assessmentof Nursing Students’ Attitude toward Learning Communication Skills ...iosrjce
1) The study assessed nursing students' attitudes toward learning communication skills and factors influencing their attitudes, such as age, level of study, and GPA.
2) It found a significant positive correlation between level of study and attitude, as well as between GPA and attitude. A limited positive relationship was also found between age and attitude.
3) Students in the professional program had a more positive attitude toward learning communication skills compared to students in the pre-professional program.
This study evaluated the impact of a near-peer led cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) workshop on medical students' knowledge and satisfaction. 120 medical students participated in 6 workshop sessions led by senior undergraduate students experienced in emergency care. Students' CPR knowledge and satisfaction were assessed before, immediately after, and 2 months following the workshops. Results showed that students' average knowledge scores significantly increased immediately after training and remained higher than baseline 2 months later. Students also reported good satisfaction with the near-peer led workshop method. The study concluded that near-peer led CPR training positively impacts knowledge acquisition, retention and student satisfaction, representing a useful approach for such training workshops.
This document describes a study that examined the effects of a communication training program on nonviolent communication, nonverbal communication, and self-acceptance among nursing students in Korea. The study involved randomly assigning 74 nursing students to an experimental group that received 8 sessions of customized communication training or a control group. Questionnaires assessed nonviolent communication, nonverbal communication, and self-acceptance before and after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in nonviolent communication scores after the intervention compared to the control group, but there were no significant between-group differences for nonverbal communication or self-acceptance. The study concluded that continuous communication training is needed to improve nursing students' communication capabilities.
Effect of blended learning approach on student nurses’ attitudes and academic...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of blended learning versus traditional teaching on student nurses' attitudes, motivation, and academic achievement. 62 nursing students were randomly assigned to a blended learning or traditional lecture group. Both groups completed pre-tests of attitude, motivation, and achievement before the course. The blended learning group received instruction through online materials and face-to-face meetings, while the traditional group received only lectures. After the course, both groups took post-tests of the same measures. The results showed that the blended learning group had significantly higher attitude, motivation, and achievement scores than the traditional group after the course. The study concluded that blended learning is more effective than traditional lectures alone.
The Cardiac Progressive Care Unit Essay.pdfsdfghj21
The document discusses a study that analyzed nursing students' reflective learning journals from their clinical placements in emergency departments and intensive care units. The study sought to explore the experiences of final-year nursing students during these placements and examine differences between female and male students. Four key themes emerged from analyzing 28 journals: 1) an intense emotional experience, 2) the importance of attitudes over techniques, 3) identifying with nurses who dominate complex environments and prioritize patient care, and 4) improving care for critically ill patients and their families. Female students' reflections were more emotional and focused on patient care, while males identified more with learning aspects and unit organization/quality. Both genders experienced strong emotions and learned to humanize care in complex settings.
USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT OF INDIAN ECO...indexPub
Purpose: Foreign direct investment (FDI) altogether influences the beneficiary country's financial development, making it more stable, high-quality, and healthy, according to this empirical study based on the present stage of economic development. Thus, every country encountering financial globalization is attempting to lay out a serious business climate to increment worldwide speculation. Design/Methodology/Approach: the main objective of this study is based on Institutional quality or Evidence and I selected 5 factors Institutional Metrics like Voice and Accountability, Civil liberties, Women in parliament, Corruption perceptions, Political rights from DPIIT website (Secondary Data) for the period 2018-2023. Static analysis methods such as the Unit Root Test, the ARDL Approach, and SEM are being used. Originality/Value: The experts in this study used OLS (Least Squares) regression: Foreign direct investment (FDI) streams were the focal point of the exploration. The impact of institutional qualities on unfamiliar direct speculation streams has been explored utilizing the customary least square methodology. Findings: Institutional metrics of government efficacy and corruption have shown a shortrun link with foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, according to the research, which used the ARDL model to find that these indicators had positive coefficient values. As far as institutional markers like law and order, administrative quality, and voice and responsibility, the review found that political stability had a long-term association with foreign direct investment flows (7.4578 > 4.16), placing it above the upper peasant table.
SUSTAINABLE INVESTING UNVEILED: THE ROLE OF BOND RATINGS IN GUIDING GREEN BON...indexPub
The increasing urgency to address climate change has propelled sustainable investing into the spotlight, with green bonds emerging as a pivotal instrument for mobilizing the capital required for environmental projects. This study delves into the critical role that bond ratings play in guiding investments in green bonds, shedding light on how these ratings influence investor confidence and the allocation of funds towards sustainable initiatives. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of green bond performance with qualitative interviews from industry experts, this research offers a comprehensive overview of the interplay between bond ratings and green bond investments. The findings suggest that higher bond ratings, often indicative of lower risk and better sustainability credentials, significantly impact the attractiveness of green bonds to investors. Additionally, the study examines the evolution of rating criteria to encompass environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, highlighting the shift towards more holistic assessments of investment risk and potential. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable finance by providing insights into the mechanisms through which bond ratings can facilitate more informed and impactful green bond investments.
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This study compared the effectiveness of nursing simulation versus group discussion on developing nursing students' knowledge and critical thinking abilities related to respiratory assessment.
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Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Hepatitis among Mothers of Schoo...ijtsrd
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An Exploration of the Information Literacy and Academic Writing Skills of Fin...AJHSSR Journal
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Assessmentof Nursing Students’ Attitude toward Learning Communication Skills ...iosrjce
1) The study assessed nursing students' attitudes toward learning communication skills and factors influencing their attitudes, such as age, level of study, and GPA.
2) It found a significant positive correlation between level of study and attitude, as well as between GPA and attitude. A limited positive relationship was also found between age and attitude.
3) Students in the professional program had a more positive attitude toward learning communication skills compared to students in the pre-professional program.
This study evaluated the impact of a near-peer led cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) workshop on medical students' knowledge and satisfaction. 120 medical students participated in 6 workshop sessions led by senior undergraduate students experienced in emergency care. Students' CPR knowledge and satisfaction were assessed before, immediately after, and 2 months following the workshops. Results showed that students' average knowledge scores significantly increased immediately after training and remained higher than baseline 2 months later. Students also reported good satisfaction with the near-peer led workshop method. The study concluded that near-peer led CPR training positively impacts knowledge acquisition, retention and student satisfaction, representing a useful approach for such training workshops.
This document describes a study that examined the effects of a communication training program on nonviolent communication, nonverbal communication, and self-acceptance among nursing students in Korea. The study involved randomly assigning 74 nursing students to an experimental group that received 8 sessions of customized communication training or a control group. Questionnaires assessed nonviolent communication, nonverbal communication, and self-acceptance before and after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in nonviolent communication scores after the intervention compared to the control group, but there were no significant between-group differences for nonverbal communication or self-acceptance. The study concluded that continuous communication training is needed to improve nursing students' communication capabilities.
Effect of blended learning approach on student nurses’ attitudes and academic...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of blended learning versus traditional teaching on student nurses' attitudes, motivation, and academic achievement. 62 nursing students were randomly assigned to a blended learning or traditional lecture group. Both groups completed pre-tests of attitude, motivation, and achievement before the course. The blended learning group received instruction through online materials and face-to-face meetings, while the traditional group received only lectures. After the course, both groups took post-tests of the same measures. The results showed that the blended learning group had significantly higher attitude, motivation, and achievement scores than the traditional group after the course. The study concluded that blended learning is more effective than traditional lectures alone.
The Cardiac Progressive Care Unit Essay.pdfsdfghj21
The document discusses a study that analyzed nursing students' reflective learning journals from their clinical placements in emergency departments and intensive care units. The study sought to explore the experiences of final-year nursing students during these placements and examine differences between female and male students. Four key themes emerged from analyzing 28 journals: 1) an intense emotional experience, 2) the importance of attitudes over techniques, 3) identifying with nurses who dominate complex environments and prioritize patient care, and 4) improving care for critically ill patients and their families. Female students' reflections were more emotional and focused on patient care, while males identified more with learning aspects and unit organization/quality. Both genders experienced strong emotions and learned to humanize care in complex settings.
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Despite being recognised as drivers of innovative development, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) frequently confront resource limitations. Therefore, enhancing the ecosystem is contingent on the entrepreneurs’ social capital, which is crucial for the success of MSMEs. This study applies the social capital approach to analyse the entrepreneurial ecosystem enrichment and its impact on the innovation process of cosmetics MSMEs. The qualitative case study of six cosmetic manufacturing MSMEs explores that social capital is a multifaceted asset to MSMEs. Through an in-depth thematic analysis of three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive), this study states that the innovation process is supported by the synergistic transformation of one dimension of social capital into another. Entrepreneurs sharing the common norms, rules, and language enrich their cognitive as well as relational aspects of ecosystem. The study suggests that as network ties, trust, and norms collectively influence innovation in firms, hence, social capital needs to be studied with its contextualization in the ecosystem.
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This study employs an exploratory and quantitative research approach to systematically investigate the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on Organizational Performance within the Indian Banking sector. The research approach combines exploratory research, aimed at gaining insights into HRM practices, with a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling technique. Data is collected through a questionnaire from employees in both public (SBI) and private banks (HDFC Bank) who work in HR departments or are involved in HR activities. The Likert scale is utilized in the questionnaire to measure participant perceptions of HRM practices. The study utilizes two statistical tools: Neural Network and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings of the study highlight the significance of promotion and transfer policies, considered paramount in influencing organizational performance in both public and private banks. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of training and development initiatives in enhancing employee skills and competencies. Clear and effective communication within HR policies is identified as pivotal in improving organizational performance. Lastly, aligning HRM practices with sector-specific goals is recognized as a significant contributor to improved employee satisfaction and overall performance in the banking sector. The findings offer guidance for HR practitioners and policymakers in optimizing HRM practices to achieve better organizational performance.
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMPATHY AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS...indexPub
In this research were used two questionnaires Empathy Formative questionnaire and Friendship Quality Scale. The aim of this study is to see the relationship between empathy and friendship quality among adolescent, to find out if there are gender differences in empathy and friendship quality, and to see if there are any differences between younger and older students on examined variables. This research was done with 65 high school students. Age of the students were 15 to 17 years old. Results show that there is a correlation between empathy and friendship quality. The results of t test show that there are not significant differences between females and males on variable empathy. Girls and boys have significant difference in friendship quality in Kosovo. There are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of empathy and also there are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of friendship quality.
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Introduction: among the most worrying problems in recent years are low self-esteem, family and friends problems, anxiety, stress, and depression, which are taking on alarming proportions in students and young people in general. Purpose: the study is a prediction, which focuses on analyzing and evaluating students' self-esteem and level of depression. Methodology: the population is 332 students (13-15 years old) in high schools in the Gjakova region. The study describes the analysis, classification, and evaluation of the collected data by doing the analysis and real examination of the findings. Results: in terms of gender there is no significant difference in self-esteem, while in depression there is a significant difference. The level of depression is higher in women (11.9) than in men (9.5). Economic status shows that students with employed fathers have lower depression (6.77) compared to those with unemployed fathers (10.80). Conclusions: The level of depression and self-esteem and parental reflection affect students. A link has been found between economic status and emotional problems and student behavior. To prevent it, the psychological service in schools should function, and together with families and the community should be as close as possible to the problems of students.
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The society with diverse structural and ideological influences, assumes its role in relation to behavior, attitude, belief and relations. The impact can be seen in every society globally, however the western nations have adjusted their social policies to suit these transformations, whereas nations in developing phase have failed to establish suitable systems. In Kosovo, the allocation of funds for mental health services remains insufficient, even though mental health disorders account for 12.3% of overall illnesses and 30.8% of work incapacities! The objective of this study is to examine the impact of society on the decline and recovery of individuals with schizophrenia. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a descriptive-analytical. A study was conducted in four municipalities of Kosovo, using individuals with schizophrenia from psychiatric institutions as subjects along with their caregivers/family members . The research found that social factors greatly contribute to the worsening of schizophrenia patients' condition. The presence of schizophrenia is evident through a higher likelihood of having a low level of education, high unemployment rates, and engaging in harmful behaviors like tobacco and alcohol use, as well as physical inactivity. Significant correlations have been observed in the subscales of positive and negative symptoms using the Self-Report PNS-Q questionnaires. It is crucial for individuals with schizophrenia to have a carefully designed strategy in place, developed in partnership with professionals from various relevant fields such as social protection, psychiatric medical services, education, and social integration plans.
RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) AS MEDIATION OF BANK'S CAPITAL ADEQUATION RATIO (CAR)indexPub
Banks need to maintain their performance and the level of Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR). This study wants to see the variables that affect the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and see ROE as a variable that mediates the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The research method used multiple regression analysis, t-test, Anova test and Coefficient of Determination and the research period for 14 years from 2009 to 2022, by using SPSS Software version 26. The conclusion of the study, only the BOPO variable has a significant effect on the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and the ROE variable as a variable that can mediate the CAR variable at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). Keywords: Capital Adequasi Ratio, Bank Financial Ratio.
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One of the hardest things for people learning English as a third language is still reading and writing. Because they are still not good enough at language features, they often make big mistakes and assumptions that aren't true. To make learning more fun and useful, visual symbols were made for seven different kinds of language traits. It looks at the Vipicoll form a lot. Visual Symbols media, Picture and picture, and the Collaborative approach are all creatively put together in Vipicoll. This research used Reeve's design method. Research develops Vipicoll learning model, employing interviews, literature reviews, and questionnaires for iterative improvement and validation. Researchers identify problems, create Vipicoll, iteratively refine through trials, forming an effective English Language Education model. Study assesses individual English thinking development, emphasizing interpretive framework, relation, function, and unique visual symbols. From this research, it was found that using Vipicoll really helps improve kids' mastery of language features, especially those in a story. This is proven by the fact that after implementation, kids' correct answers when asked directly by their teachers and their written test answers increased greatly even though many direct answers and test answers used to be wrong and they often didn't understand.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND RISK CLASSIFICATI...indexPub
The global prevalence of heart disease indicates a major public health issue. It causes shortness of breath, weakness, and swollen ankles. Early heart disease diagnosis is difficult with current approaches. Hence, a better heart disease detection tool is needed. Treatment requires more than just diagnosis. Risk classification is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In this analysis, a novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection paradigm using machine learning (ML) and risk classification based on a weighted fuzzy system is proposed. The system is developed based on ML algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and uses standard feature selection techniques knowns as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the cross-validation method has been used for learning the best practices of model assessment and for hyperparameter tuning. The accuracy-based performance measuring metrics are used for the assessment of the performances of the classifiers. Finally, the outcomes revealed that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 94.01% which is higher than another conventional model developed in this domain. Additionally, the proposed system can easily be implemented in healthcare for the identification of heart disease.
ANALYSIS OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD THROUGH CURVED ARTERY WITH MIL...indexPub
Narrowing of the arteries caused by atherosclerosis reduces blood flow to the heart, which results shows ischemia, angina pectoris, cerebral strokes, and other coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. Curvature is seen in blood vessels at various locations. The stenotic surface provides an additional curvature and the point of maximum shear which varies with the cross-section. A cylindrical form of the Navier-Stokes equations in polar coordinate system have been extended to include dynamic curvature along the axial direction. The blood flow behavior of taking different values of blood parameters like viscosity, the radius of the artery, and the thickness of the stenosis has been studied with and without curvature by using an extended blood flow model with dynamic curvature. Moreover, the aspects of blood flow, such as dynamic curvature velocity profile, volumetric flow rate, pressure drop, and shear stress, have been studied in relation to blood flow around curved arteries with stenosis, variations in the radii of the artery, thickness of the stenosis, and viscosity. The information may reveal that by increasing the values of curvature, viscosity, and thickness of stenosis, velocity, and volumetric flow rate can be quickly reduced. Increasing the curvature, viscosity, and thickness of stenosis also results in an increase in shear stress and a pressure drop. The presence of curved stenotic arteries has a significant impact on the flow parameters, and it is crucial to know about these dynamics in order to study the cardiovascular system.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS:– ...indexPub
Student academic performance is the great value of institutes, universities and colleges. All colleges majorly focus on the career development of students. The academic performance of students plays a vital role in the establishment of a bright career. On the basis of better academic performance, the placement of the students will be better and the same will be reflected in the form of better admission and future. Machine learning can be deployed for the prediction of student performance. Various algorithms are playing an important role in the prediction of the accuracy of various machine learning models. These articles discuss various algorithms that can be helpful to deploy for predicting student academic performance. The article discusses various methods, predictive features and the accuracy of machine learning algorithms. The primary factors used for predicting students performance are academic institution, sessional marks, semester progress, family occupation, methods and algorithms. The accuracy level of various machine learning algorithms is discussed in this article.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BLENDED LEARNING MODELS: EFFECTS ON ...indexPub
This study was conducted to identify the influence of computer technology in blended learning on the achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject through of self-directed learning. The research also assessed the relationship of the elements of blended learning on student achievement. Despite the encouragement by the Ministry of Education for the use of Computer Technology In Education, there is a lack of research on a measurable and testable model of the influence of computer technology. In reality, various aspects such as schools, teachers, content, and technology exist to provide and utilize computer technology through learning in Malaysia. A quantitative study using a correlational design was conducted on 400 Form Four students in secondary schools in the Southern Zone of Malaysia, namely in the states of Johor, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan, to identify the influence of computer technology in blended learning on achievement. Data were collected using adapted and modified questionnaires from previous studies. Descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, while inferential analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS analysis technique. Smart PLS version 4.0 software was utilized to test the mediator relationships in the study. The results of the study showed high minimum scores for blended learning through computer technology and self-directed learning, as well as achievement. The influence of blended learning elements also had a significant relationship with student achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject. This study is expected to contribute to the effectiveness of blended learning through information technology on the achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject by enhancing self- directed learning among students. The development of this conceptual model is hoped to serve as a guide for policymakers, the Ministry of Education, teachers, students, and other stakeholders in ensuring that blended learning practices can be implemented more effectively. Furthermore, it is hoped that the achievement and interest in the Principles of Accounting subject can be improved by applying computer technology in learning.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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SELF LEARNING VERSUS TRADITIONAL LEARNING FOR NURSING STUDENTS REGARDING SAFETY MEASURES IN EMERGENCY UNIT
1. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10121758
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 24
SELF LEARNING VERSUS TRADITIONAL LEARNING FOR NURSING STUDENTS
REGARDING SAFETY MEASURES IN EMERGENCY UNIT
KAREMA MOHAMED ADAM *
B.Sc. Nursing Science, Faculty of Nursing - Ain Shams University.
*Corresponding Author Email: kreemaadam66@gmail.com
FATEN KHAYRT
Professor of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing - Ain Shams University.
HEMAT ABD EL MONEM
Professor of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing - Ain Shams University.
Abstract
Self-directed learning necessary for effective lifelong learning and many skills of students are expected
to improve. Traditional learning methods are ineffective and passive instructional method. Students'
nurses need to be educated and periodically reinforce their knowledge through seminars and
workshops to ensure high understanding of how to prevent communicable diseases transmission.. Aim
of study: evaluate the self-learning versus traditional learning regarding safety measures in emergency
unit. Research Design: A quasi -experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study will be conducted
in nursing schools at Abbasiya district (Dar El Shifa School and psychiatric health school). Study sample:
A purposive sample was collected; it consisted of 120 students nurses, first class, both genders, Tools:
three tool was used pre/post in this study: 1- Structured Interviewing Questionnaire to assess
characteristic and knowledge of studied students 2- Observation checklists to assess students,
performance post implementation of two learning methods. 3- Students, opinion sheet to assess
student's satisfaction regarding self-learning and traditional learning method assess the environment
of the school lab. Results: there was a highly statistically significant differences in relation to
knowledge about safety in the emergency unit items between pre and post program in self-learning
group (P= < 0.001).while, no statistically significant differences in traditional learning group Moreover,
there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total
practices among studied students in self-learning and traditional-learning groups in the post program.
Conclusion: In conclusion Implementation of nursing student intervention had positive effect on
knowledge, and practices for two groups (self-learning& traditional learning) regarding safety
measure in emergency unit. Recommendation: developing educational programs for enhancing
students' awareness about safety measures in emergency unit should be a priority in nursing schools
to ensure early protective from infection. Raise nursing student's awareness regarding safety measures
by using self-learning.
Keywords: Self-Learning, Traditionl Learning, Safety Measures, Emergency.
INTRODUCTION
Nurses operate in a complex health care environment where social, technological and medical
changes present them with challenges, and nurse education has a vital role to play in ensuring that
they can adapt and respond to these challenges. Traditionally didactic methods of teaching have
predominated in nurse education. However, it is no longer satisfactory to teach in this manner, and
current nursing programs increasingly place an emphasis on adult education, including self-directed
learning (Saad & Srour, 2019).
2. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10121758
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 25
Every day while caring for patients, nursing students are at risk for exposure to blood borne pathogens
which results in infections. Study was aimed to assess the knowledge and Practices of Universal
Precautions among Nursing Students and Find out association between Universal Precautions and
students. (Aaronson et al., 2019).
Self-directed learning is a way of turning individuals into lifelong learners. Lifelong learning focuses on
knowledge and skills needed by everyone regardless of age. One of the main aims of lifelong learning
is to equip individuals with skills and competencies that enable them to learn by themselves.
According to this belief, self-directed learning is both the meaning and the outcome of lifelong
learning self-direction is a dimension of lifelong learning and facilitates it through formal and informal
learning (Curran et al., 2019).
Traditional Learning refers to a setting where a teacher communicates with a group of students in a
typical brick and mortar classroom set-up. The students attend the class for fixed time duration and
learn about specific topics and subjects, and they often get hands-on experience for a job. Although
many schools/institutions make use of technology, the teaching-learning process still involves hand-
written notes, assignments, tests, etc. The curriculum follows a standardized pattern using textbooks
approved by the government and the education board. Moreover, the students are completely
dependent on the teacher for acquiring knowledge of the subject (AlKhaibary et al., 2020).
As member of the health care team, the nurses play an active role in promotion of health, prevention
of disabilities, curtain of illness and rehabilitation of deformities. It is widely acknowledged that nurses
are crucial components in health care system. In their roles, nurses are regularly confronted with a
variety of biological, physical and chemical hazards during the courses of performing their duties. The
safety of nurses themselves, and subsequently that of their patients, depends directly upon the
degree to which nurses have mitigating those hazards (Shayamano, 2020).
Significance of the study:
The student nurses are potentially more exposed to contact infections disease at work. This risk
becomes true if the universal precautions are not utilized and the students don’t work according to
the standard protocol. The students begin their clinical training without the right knowledge (Milind
Kale., et al., 2019) Hospital acquired infection HAI rates in Egypt 28 hospitals contributed to 474,544
patient days and 2,688 HAIs. Of these, 30% were bloodstream infections, 29% were surgical site
infections, 26% were pneumonia, and 15% were urinary tract infections (Talaat., et al., 2021).
Improvement in the performance of students nurses is an important aspect of infection control in the
health care settings. Student nurses are more exposed to infections during clinical training so they
need to improve their performance related to safety measures (Mcguire-Wolfe, 2021).
Aim of the Study
The aim of this study to evaluate the self-learning versus traditional learning regarding safety
measures in emergency unit through:
• Comparing between the performances of nursing students exposed to self-learning versus
traditional learning regarding safety measures in emergency unit.
• Assessing nursing student's satisfaction on using self-learning versus traditional learning
regarding safety measures in emergency unit.
• Designing and implementing training program for improving the students nurses performance
toward infection injury precaution and safety measures.
3. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10121758
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 26
• Evaluating the effectiveness of training program for improving the nurse's performance toward
injury precaution and safety measures.
Research hypotheses:
Student exposed to the self-learning program will have positive effect on their performance regarding
safety measure in emergency unit.
SUBJECT AND METHODS
Research Design:
Quasi experimental one group pre-/post-test design
Research setting:
This study was conducted in nursing schools at Abbasiya district (Dar El Shifa school and psychiatric
health school) at Cairo Governorate, this schools consist of third classes (first – second – third ), the
number of students in every class is 30 student, the total number of students in the schools is (120)
student.
Research subject:
A purposive sample was used in this study. The total number (120) of students nurses (first class) from
the two schools with inclusion criteria were male &female, their age ranged between 15 to 18 years
old, first class only and first year student (fundamental department), and willing to participate in the
study. The data was collected in two different learning methods for two group of student; the first
group applies traditional learning method and the second group was applying self-learning method.
Tools of data collection:
The tools used in the study was designed after reading related literature and taking expert's opinion,
it was written in Arabic language, data was collected through using the following tools:
Tool I: Pre designed structured interview questionnaire sheet were used pre, post implementing the
two learning methods. It consisted of the following two parts:-
Part 1: it was related to socio-demographic characteristic of students nurses including age, sex, class,
was included from (Q1-Q3).
Part II: Pre self-learning& traditional learning test and posttest to assess students, knowledge
regarding safety measure in emergency unit were included (10 items) about infection in emergency,
(4 items) regarding precaution for infection control, (5 items) regarding hand washing , (4 items)
regarding wearing protective mask, (3 items) regarding face mask and eye protection, (4 items)
regarding precaution with needle and Sharpe instrument, (4 items) regarding contaminated sheets,
(3 items) regarding waste supplies, (2 items)regarding body fluids, and (3 items) about contaminated
service.
Scoring system:
The studied nurses' answered were compared with model key answers; where scored as complete
correct or important answer had scored (2), incomplete correct or less important answer had scored
(1) and incorrect or unimportant answer had scored (0). Total knowledge scores ranged from (0- 42)
points. In this respect the level of nursing student’ knowledge was classified into two categories as
the following:
4. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10121758
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 27
Satisfactory level of knowledge (≥60%) was ranged from (22-42) degrees. Unsatisfactory level of
knowledge (<60%) was ranged from (0-21) degrees.
Tool II: Observational checklist (pre& post): to assess students' performance was used pre and post
implementation of two learning methods were included 6 checklist about; hand washing (11 steps),
IV therapy administration (20 steps), insertion of peripheral intravenous catheter (23 steps), changing
the bed sheets (16 steps), waste handling (10 steps), spills of blood and body fluids (7 steps).
Scoring system:
The studied nursing Students' performance was assessed individually by the researcher against the
checklist, scored as the following: done scored (1), and not done scored (0).The total scores were
ranged from (0 to 87) degrees and according to level achieve their total practice were classified into
two levels:
Competent level to 60% and more
Incompetent level less than 60%
Tool III: It was designed by the researcher to assess Students' opinion (Appendix III).It consisted of
the following two parts:
Part 1: Assessing nursing student's satisfaction regarding self-learning and traditional learning
method. It will include effectiveness of different learning strategy, effectiveness of the course, time
consuming, and usefulness of materials, financial cost, and the barriers inhibiting learning 8 questions.
(Q1 include 2 item), (Q2 include 3 items),(Q3 included 7 items), Q4 included 7 items- Q5 included 4
items- Q6 included 5 items- (Q7 included 3 items),( Q8 included 1 item).
Scoring system:
Statements are represented in five rating and classified into: 5 point scale (excellent to very weak). A
score was given for each response (5 = excellent , 4 = very good, 3 = good, 2 = weak , 1 = very weak
). The scores of the items summed up and the total score is 32 grades and equal 100%. The score was
categorized into two category satisfied >75 and unsatisfied <75.
Operational design:
The study to be completed passed through different phases included: preparatory phase, pilot study
and field work phase.
Preparatory phase:
The researcher reviewed the related literature and theoretical knowledge of various aspect of the
study using books, articles, internet periodicals and magazines to develop tools for data collection.
Tools Validity and reliability:
Content validity: It was ascertained by a panel (5) of the experts in community nursing and medical
fields; to test the content validity by reviewing the tools clarity, relevance, comprehensives, and
simplicity; their opinions elicited regarding the format, layout, consistency, accuracy, completeness
and minor modifications were done; reliability was tested statistically.
Content reliability: The tool was tested to ensure that an assessment tool produces stable and
consistent result overtimes reliability of the study tools used Alpha Cronbach test for knowledge of
self-learning group =0.869. Reliability for practices of self-learning group =0.912. Reliability for
knowledge of traditional learning group =0.863. Reliability for practices of traditional learning group
=0.896.
5. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10121758
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 28
Ethical Considerations:
The research approval was obtained from scientific research ethical committee in Faculty of Nursing
at Ain Shams University before starting the study. The researcher explained the aim of the study. Oral
approval was obtained from the student's nurses. They assured that the information collected treated
confidentially and that it used only for the study. Students were informed that they allowed choosing
to participate or withdraw from the study at any time.
Pilot study:
The pilot study was carried out on 10% (12 students) the purpose of this pilot was to test the eligibility
of the field. The pilot has also served to estimate the time needed for each subject to fill in the
questions. According to the results of the pilot, some corrections and omissions of items were
performed as needed. The pilot participants were not included in the main study sample.
Field work:
• The study field work done throughout a period of 6 months from beginning of September 2021
to the end of March 2022 to be accomplished preparation for assessment took three month
for developing the data collection tool obtained from literature review Data collection and filling
of questioners took three months.
• Data were collected from students by individual interviews in the school class and school lab
using the pre constructed tools. Each interview took a time of about one hour.
• After introducing, explain the purpose of the subjects and the written consent from every
participant to share in the study.
The intervention construction was conducted in three phases:
Assessment phase:
A review of recent, current, national and international related literature in various aspects of the
problems to design the study tools, then assessment was done to determine the nursing students’
health needs by using pretest based the data about the collected nursing students' knowledge and
their performance. The nursing students interviewed in the school lab and classes, 3 days / week, from
10 am, to 11pm were used for data collection (pretest), which was carried out through three months;
the average time consumed to fill tools was 45 minutes.
Planning phase
Based on data obtained from pre-test assessment and relevant review of literature the researcher
developing and implementing the nursing intervention in order to improve nursing student's level of
knowledge and their performance.
The Study general objective was evaluated the nursing student's intervention will improve the
students nursing performance on applying injury precaution and safety measures and detection of
barriers to apply injury precaution and safety measures.
Program description:
The program was designed to evaluate the of nursing students intervention regarding safety measures
in emergency unit through; assessing the knowledge and performance of nursing students related to
safety measures, assessing hospital infection regarding emergency unit, planning& implementing
intervention program based on their safety measures, and evaluating the intervention on knowledge,
performance and safety measures in emergency unit.
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Specific objectives:
At the end of the program the nursing student will be able to:
Improve basic knowledge regarding hospital infection and factors leading to source of infection,
method of transmitted as the following: Meaning of infection, sterilization, cleaning &
disinfectant.
Clarify for the student's importance knowledge to raising their knowledge toward infection
control.
Demonstrate technique universal precautions which include (hand washing, uses of personal
protective equipment, re-use of machinery, assistance in insertion of peripheral intravenous
catheter, preparation of IVfluids and medication, linen management, waste management and
cleaning medical instruments. dealing with the furniture and sheets, environment
Encourage students for apply gained knowledge into performance.
Implementing training program for improving the students nurses performance toward infection
injury precaution and safety measures.
Improving the students nurse's performance toward injury precaution and safety measures
Applying the slandered of precaution and safety measure: including, the compliance of students
nurses in school with universal precautions which include (hand washing, uses of personal protective
equipment, re-use of machinery, assistance in insertion of peripheral intravenous catheter,
preparation of IV fluids and medication, linen management, waste management and cleaning medical
instruments. dealing with the furniture and sheets, environment .
Increase the nursing students' awareness towards meaning of injury, precaution, safety, methods of
transmitting infection, universal precaution of infection control, disinfection, sterilization and
isolation.
Program content:
The program content helps nursing student in (Dar El-Shifa and Abbasiya nursing school) to gain the
basic knowledge, applying ideal practices related to safety measures. Student nurses were divided in
two groups; each group contains 60 nursing students. The program sessions were contained one hour
theory and four hours practices. Teaching methods were done lectures, group discussion and role
playing. Teaching material was Arabic Booklet and audio visual materials.
Outline of the program contents:
Educational component:
• Define meaning of infection.
• Meaning of injury.
• Meaning of precaution and safety measures.
• Identify method of transmitting infection universal precaution of infection control
• Meaning of disinfection, sterilization and isolation
• Demonstrate process of hand washing technique.
• Recognize personal protective equipment’s.
• Demonstrate process of uses personal protective equipment’s
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• Demonstrate process of re-use of machinery technique
• Demonstrate process of insertion of peripheral intravenous catheter technique
• Demonstrate process of preparation of IV fluids and medication technique.
• Explanation linen management technique
• Explanation waste management technique.
• Demonstrate process of cleaning medical instruments.
• Recognize ways for dealing with the furniture and sheets
• Recognize dealing with the environment
Teaching methods:
Illustrated session supplemented by audiovisual aids encouraging the students to interrupt the
researcher for questions, comments and clarification and this through: group discussion,
demonstration and re-demonstration.
Audiovisual aids: Pictures, handouts (Booklet), slid presentation and data show
Evaluation phase:
Formative evaluation: was carried out using the previously mentioned tools, pre and post test was
done regularly throughout the program through: ongoing questions and answers and re-
demonstration.
Summative evaluation: was done at the end of intervention program (post-test) to assess the
students' knowledge acquired, while comparing regarding self-learning versus traditional learning was
tested after 3 months from the end of the program (post-test).
Administrative design:
Ethical consideration:
Approval was obtained from ethical scientific research committee at faculty of nursing, Ain shams
University, and then written official letter sent to the director of (Dar El Shifa nursing school and
psychiatric health nursing school), include the title and purpose of study was submitted from
concerned authorities in nursing schools to get approval for data collection to conducted this study.
Prior to the study, a permission from student to conduct the study has be taken, they were informed
about, aim, methods, anticipated benefits and absence of potential hazards had to be explained to
assure students about the safety of the study, and to let them obtain real participation in the research
process and to inform them about their rights to with draw from the study at any time.
Statistical analysis:
The collected data organized, tabulated and statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) version 25 for windows. Descriptive statistics were applied (numbers, percentages,
mean and standard deviation).Test of significance, Chi-square test (χ2) this test used to compared for
qualitative variables and correlation coefficient (r) were done for assessment of inter relationship
among quantitative variables that were normally distributed or when one of the variables is
qualitative, these tests were applied to test the study hypothesis. Reliability of the study tools was
done using Cronbach's Alpha. A highly significant level value was considered p- value < 0.001,
significant level value was considered when p- value < 0.05 and no statistical significance difference
was considered when p- value > 0.5.
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RESULTS
Table (1): frequency distribution of studied students (self-learning and traditional learning groups)
regarding their personal characteristics (n=120).
Personal
characteristics
Self-Learning group (n=60) Traditional Learning group (n=60)
X2 P-value
No % No %
Age/ years 0.430 0.512
15 < 16 45 75.0 48 80.0
16 < -17 15 25.0 12 20.0
Mean ±SD 15.21±0.64 15.31±0.57
Sex 0.301 0.583
Female 33 55.0 30 50.0
Male 27 45.0 30 50.0
Class level 0.686 0.408
First 51 85.0 54 90.0
Second 9 15.0 6 10.0
Table (1) clarifies that, 75% & 80% of both self-learning group and traditional learning group
respectively in age group 15 years to less than 16 years with a mean age of 15.21±0.64 years and
15.31±0.57 years respectively. Also, 55% & 50.6% of both self-learning group and traditional learning
group were female respectively. Concerning level of education, 85% & 90% of both self-learning group
and traditional learning group were in first class level respectively. Additionally there was no statistical
significance difference between study and control groups regarding socio demographic
characteristics.
Table (2): percentage distribution of studied students (self-learning and traditional learning
groups) regarding their total satisfactory knowledge about safety measures emergency unit
(n=120).
Items
Self-learning
(n=60)
Traditional L.
(n=60)
X2
(1)
P-value
X2
(2)
P-value
pre post pre post
Infection in emergency unit 35.0 73.3 18.3 31.7
17.757
.0000
2.844
.0917
Standard precautions for infection
control
10.0 60.0 8.3 20.0
32.967
.0000
3.358
.0669
Wash hands 31.7 96.7 11.7 35.0
55.125
.0000
9.130
.0025
Wearing protective masks, gown
and apron
16.7 75.0 15.0 20.0
41.119
.0000
0.519
.4711
Face mask and eye protection 18.3 85.0 20 23.3
53.393
.0000
0.196
.6576
Precautions with needles and
sharp materials
21.7 88.3 16.7 30.0
53.872
.0000
2.981
.0842
Contaminated sheets 33.3 91.7 13.3 40.0
43.556
.0000
10.909
.0010
Refills contaminated waste 15.0 86.7 8.3 18.3
67.669
.0000
2.569
.1071
Liquid waste (vomit - blood - feces)
disposed
6.7 65.0 8.3 15.0
37.215
.0000
1.294
.2553
Permanent tools (kidney basin,
scissors…) cleaned
11.7 85.0 6.6 11.7
64.605
.0000
0.901
.3426
Contaminated surfaces cleaned 36.7 90.0 10.0 35.0
36.746
.0000
10.753
.0010
X2
(1) between pre/post in self-learning group, X2
(2) between pre/post at traditional group
** Highly significance p<0.001 * significance p<0.05
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Table (2) reveals that, there were highly statistically significant differences in relation to knowledge
about safety in the emergency unit items between self learning groups (P < 0.001). 73.3% of studied
students self learning had total satisfactory knowledge about infection in emergency unit compared
to 31.7% of students in traditional group. As regards standard precautions for infection control 60%
of them had total satisfactory knowledge in self learning group compared to 20% of them in traditional
learning group. Concerning hand wash 96.7% of studied student had total satisfactory knowledge in
self learning group compared to 35% of them in traditional learning. In addition, 75% of studied
students self learning had total satisfactory knowledge about wearing protective masks, gown and
apron and 20% in traditional learning. Regarding face mask and eye protection 85% of studied self
learning student had total satisfactory knowledge. As regards precautions with needles and sharp
materials 88.3% of studied self learning student had total satisfactory knowledge while, 30% of them
in traditional learning. Furthermore, the majority (91.7% & 86.7%) of students self learning had total
satisfactory knowledge about contaminated sheets and refills contaminated waste respectively. Also,
65% of students self learning had total satisfactory knowledge about liquid waste disposal. Finally 85%
& 90% of students self learning had total satisfactory knowledge about permanent tools cleaned &
contaminated surfaces cleaned.
Figure (1): percentage distribution of studied students' total knowledge (self-learning and
traditional learning groups) regarding safety measure in emergency unit pre and post program
(n=120)
Figure (1) illustrates that, 18.3% of self learning group nursing students had satisfactory total
knowledge regard safety measure in emergency unit at pre program and increased to 88.3% of them
post program. While 15% of traditional learning group nursing students had satisfactory total
knowledge regard safety measure in emergency unit pre program compared to it to 75% of studied
students at post program.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pre-
intervention
Post-
intervention
Pre-
intervention
Post-
intervention
Self learning Traditional learning
18.3
88.3
15.0
25.0
81.7
11.7
85.0
75.0
Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
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Table (3): percentage distribution of studied students (self-learning and traditional learning
groups) regarding their total competent practices about safety measures emergency unit (n=120).
Items
Self learning
(n=60)
Traditional L.
(n=60)
X2
(1)
P-value
2X2
(2)
P-value
Pre Post Pre Post
hand washing 36.7 86.7 15.0 20.0
31.727
.0000
0.519
.4711
IV therapy administration 15.0 91.7 8.3 40.0
70.848
.0000
16.415
.0001
insertion of peripheral
intravenous catheter
18.3 80.0 6.7 23.3
45.646
.0000
6.536
.0106
changing the bed sheets 11.7 86.7 13.3 23.3
67.519
.0000
2.004
.1569
waste handling 10 75.0 6.7 40.0
51.867
.0000
18.634
.0000
spills of blood and body fluids 6.7 70.0 3.3 41.7
50.905
.0000
25.281
.0000
X2
(1) between pre/post in self learning group, X2
(2) between pre/post at traditional group
** Highly significance p<0.001 * significance p<0.05
Table (3) reveals that, there were highly statistically significant differences in relation to practices
about safety in the emergency unit items between self learning group (P= .000). 86.7% of studied
students self learning had total competent practices about hand washing in emergency unit post
program compared to 20% students in traditional group. As regards IV therapy administration 91.7%
of them had total competent practices in self learning group compared to 40% of them in traditional
learning group post program. Concerning insertion of peripheral intravenous catheter 80% of studied
student had total competent practices in self learning group compared to 23.3% of them in traditional
learning. In addition, 86.7% of studied students self learning had total competent practices about
changing the bed sheets and 23.3% in traditional learning post program. Furthermore, waste handling
75% of studied self learning student had total competent practices compared to 40% in traditional
group. As regards spills of blood and body fluids 70% of studied self learning student had total
competent practices while, 41.7% of them in traditional learning had also competent practices in spills
of blood and body fluids.
Figure (2): percentage destruction of studied students (self-learning and traditional learning
groups) regarding their total practices level related safety measures in emergency unit pre and
post program (n=120).
45.0
86.7
41.7 46.7
55.0
13.3
58.3 53.3
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Pre-
intervention
Post-
intervention
Pre- intervention Post-
intervention
Self learning Traditional learning
Comptent Incomptent
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Figure (2) illustrates that, 45% of self learning group nursing students' total practice regard safety
measures in emergency unit were competent pre program and increased to 86.7% of them post
program. While 41.7% of traditional learning group nursing students' total practice regard safety
measures in emergency unit were competent pre program compared to 46.7% at post program
Table (4): frequency distribution of studied students (self-learning and traditional learning groups)
regarding their satisfaction post implementation (n=120).
Students' satisfaction
Self Learning group
(n=60)
Traditional Learning
group (n=60)
X2
P-value
No % No %
Effectiveness of different
learning strategy
54 90.0 18 30.0 45.00 .0000
Effectiveness of the course 57 95.0 10 16.7 74.649 .0000
Time consuming 59 98.3 16 26.7 65.742 .0000
Usefulness of materials 54 90.0 14 23,3 45.299 ..0000
Financial cost 54 90.0 19 31.7 4.845 .0000
Barriers inhibiting learning 58 96.7 11 18.3 75.328 .0000
X2
(1) between pre/post in self learning group, X2
(2) between pre/post at traditional
** Highly significance p<0.001 * significance p<0.05
Table (4) reveals that, there were highly statistically significant differences in relation to students'
satisfaction post program implementation about self learning versus traditional learning in the
emergency unit (P < 0.001). Regarding the effectiveness of different learning strategy, 90% of studied
nursing students self learning had satisfaction compared to 30% students in traditional group. 95% of
nursing students had satisfaction about effectiveness of the course in self learning group compared
to 16.7% of them in traditional learning group. Concerning time consuming 98.3% of studied student
had satisfied compared to 26.7% of them in traditional learning. In addition, 90% of studied students
self learning had total satisfied respectively about usefulness of materials & financial cost compared
to 23.3% & 31.7% in traditional learning. Finally 96.7% of students self learning had satisfied about
barriers inhibiting in learning compared to 18.3% in traditional learning.
Table (5): correlation between total knowledge and total performance among studied students
using self-learning and traditional learning methods (n=120)
Total practices
Total knowledge
Self-learning Traditional learning
R 0.480 .449
P-value .006* .006*
* Significance p<0.05
Table (5): clears that there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total
knowledge and total performance among studied students using self-learning. Also, a positive
statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total performance among studied
students in traditional-learning methods.
DISCUSSION
Nurse educators are being courage to use teaching strategies which enable students to be more
responsible for their learning innovative teaching strategies in nursing education are expected to
promote nursing students’ skills to be actively involved in self-regulating learning, to transform
traditional one-way delivery of knowledge and to cultivate patients-centered learning. So, it can be
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agreed that one of the primary aims of higher education in today’s information technology enabled
classroom, is to make nursing students more active in the learning process (Ghasemi et al., 2020).
Regarding personal characteristics of the studied students (self-learning and traditional learning
groups), the current study revealed that that majority of both studied groups were in age group
between 15 to 16 years with a mean age of 15.21±0.64 years and 15.31±0.57 years respectively. This
young age can be attributed to this study was conducted in nursing institutes after completion of
preparatory level of education. This result was contradicted with Berga et al., (2021) who conducted
a study about "Blended learning versus face to face learning in an undergraduate nursing health
assessment course", in Canada, and found that majority of the studied students' age were between
18 to 24years old. Also, a study carried out by Baars, (2019) entitled "Effects of self-directed learning
vs. learning in traditional settings on nursing students’ self-efficacy moderated by readiness", in
Netherlands reported that the average age of the participants was 21.81 years old (SD = 6.67).
Furthermore, the current study represented that more than half of both self-learning group and
traditional learning group were female respectively. This may be related to nursing is a female
dominated profession in Egypt. This result was in accordance with Vallée et al., (2020) entitled
"Blended learning compared to traditional learning in medical education", in France, and stated that
the highest percentage of the studied participants were females. Also, a study carried out by Putri &
Sumartini, (2021) who conducted a study about "Integrating peer learning activities and problem-
based learning in clinical nursing education" and found that the majority of the studied nurses were
females.
As well, the current study reflected that most of both self-learning group and traditional learning
group were in first class level respectively. Additionally there was no statistical significance difference
between both groups regarding socio-demographic characteristics. This result was similar to a study
conducted Ahmad & Mohamed, (2018) about "The effect of peer learning vs. traditional learning on
knowledge and clinical performance of critical care nursing students", in Egypt and found that there
was no significant difference between the studied groups as regard their personal characteristics. In
the same line, a study done by AlKhaibary et al., (2021), entitled "Determining the effects of
traditional learning approach and interactive learning activities on personal and professional factors
among Saudi intern nurses" in Saudi Arabia, stated that there was no significant difference between
the studied groups as regard their demographic data.
Concerning knowledge of the studied students (self-learning and traditional learning groups) about
infection in emergency unit pre and post program, the current study showed that there were highly
statistically significant differences between pre and post-program in self-learning group, while there
were no statistically significant differences between pre and post-program in traditional learning
group. This may be related to the significant effect of self-learning on nurses’ knowledge about
infection in emergency unit as the infectious diseases that can be transmitted directly through blood
in the emergency unit and transmitted through the respiratory system.
This result was compatible with a study carried out by Morsy et al (2021), about "effect of computer
mediated instruction technique on knowledge and practice of critical care nursing students" in Egypt
and found that a statistical significant differences were found between the study and control groups
and in the study group afterwards the implementation of computer mediated instruction technique
in relation to students' knowledge.
As regard the studied students’ knowledge (self-learning and traditional learning groups) about
standard precautions for infection control in the emergency unit, the current study revealed that
there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and post-program in self-learning
group, but there were no statistically significant differences between pre and post- program in
13. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
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traditional learning group. This can be attributed the positive impact of self learning on improving the
students’ knowledge about importance of standard precautions for infection control.
In the opposite line, a study conducted by El-Sayed et al., (2022) in Egypt about "E-Learning Strategy
versus Traditional Learning Strategy on Pediatric Nursing Students' Knowledge, Engagement, and
Clinical Performance during COVID 19" and reported that students using traditional method of
teaching had more knowledge retention than students using e-learning and a statistically significant
difference was found between the two groups in all over the three period of the study. This
contradiction may be due to the lack of nursing students' experience in using different E-learning
platforms.
Concerning the studied students' (self-learning and traditional learning groups) knowledge about
wash hands & wearing protective mask pre and post program respectively, the present study indicated
that there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and post- program in self-
learning group, while there were no statistically significant differences between pre and post-
program in traditional learning group. This may because the effectiveness of self-learning in improving
the students' knowledge regarding the important steps of hand washing & wearing protective mask.
As regards the students' (self-learning and traditional learning groups) knowledge about take
precautions with needles and sharp materials and contaminated sheets & other items respectively
pre and post program, the current study portrayed that there were highly statistically significant
differences between pre and post-program in self-learning group, whilst there were no statistically
significant differences between pre and post-program in traditional learning group. This may be due
to the significant impact of self-directed learning on nurses' knowledge regarding the importance of
disposing needles and sharp materials & contaminated sheets. Similarly, this result agreed with a
study done by Tekkol & Demirel, (2018) entitled "An investigation of self-directed learning skills of
undergraduate students" in Turkey and reported that self-directed learning has a positive effect on
overall students' academic achievement.
Pertaining the students' (self-learning and traditional learning groups) total knowledge level pre and
post program, the present study indicated that nearly one fifth of self-learning group had satisfactory
total knowledge safety measure in emergency unit at pre-program phase and it improved to most of
them at post program. While less than one fifth of traditional learning group had satisfactory total
knowledge at pre-program phase and it increased to only one quarter of them at post program. This
can reflect the positive impact of self-directed learning on students' knowledge about safety measure
in emergency unit.
Regarding the studied students' (self-learning and traditional learning groups) practices about hand
wash, IV therapy, insertion the peripheral catheter pre and post program, the current study revealed
that there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and post-program in self-
learning group, while there were no statistically significant differences in traditional learning group.
This may be due to the effectiveness of self-directed learning in improving the students' practice
regarding previous items. Consistently, a study performed by Chen et al., (2023) about "Self-directed
learning: Alternative for traditional classroom learning in undergraduate ophthalmic education during
the COVID-19 pandemic" in China and reported that there were higher performance skills on behave
of the self-directed learning group than for the traditional classroom learning group.
According to the of studied students' (self-learning and traditional learning groups) practices about
changing the bed sheets, handling the waste and spill body fluids pre and post program, the present
study reflected that there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and post-
program in self-learning group. There were statistically significant differences between most items
related to practice about insertion of peripheral intravenous catheter between pre and post-program
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in traditional learning group. This may be related to the effectiveness of self-directed learning in
improving the students' practice regarding changing the bed sheets handling the waste and spill body
fluids. This result was compatible with Nazarianpirdosti et al., (2021) who studied "Evaluation of self-
directed learning in nursing students" and reported that there were higher performance skills on
behave of the study group than for the control group.
Pertaining studied students' total practices level related safety measures in emergency unit pre and
post program, the current study result showed that the majority of self learning group' total practice
regard safety measures in emergency unit were competent post program phase compared to less than
half of traditional learning group post program. This result reflects the significant impact of self-
directed learning on the students' total practices level regarding safety measures in emergency unit
compared to the traditional learning. In the same line, a study carried out by Elsayed et al., (2022)
reported that mean participants' practices in e-learning group was more than the traditional group
and highly statistical significant differences were found between the two groups all over the three
period of the study.
Pertaining to correlation between total knowledge and total practices among studied students (self-
learning and traditional learning groups) regarding pre and post program, the current study
highlighted that there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total
knowledge and total practices among studied students in self-learning group in the post program.
While there was a positive statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total
practices among students in traditional-learning groups in pre and post program. This can be
interpreted as students who have satisfactory level of knowledge seem to have competent practice.
This result follows the logic that increasing knowledge of any topic leads to greater potential of its
application.
CONCLUSION
Based to the findings of the current study it was concluded that: Implementation of nursing student
intervention had positive effect on knowledge, practices for two groups (self-learning & traditional
learning) regarding safety measure in emergency unit
RECOMMENDATION
On light of the present study finding following recommendations are suggested:
• Educational program for nursing students to raise their awareness about safety measures in
emergency unit should be a priority in nursing schools to ensure early protective from infection.
• A simplified and comprehensive booklet should be available for all nursing student include a
clear, brief and simple explanation about safety measures in emergency unit and how to deal
with hospital infection.
• Utilize the internet to present different educational programs to raise nursing student's
awareness regarding safety measures.
• Further researches must focus on the optimal learning strategies for improve the nursing
students in emergency units in hospitals.
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Financial Disclosure:
The authors stated that the current study received no financial support.
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure:
The authors stated that they have no conflicts of interest.
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