This study investigated the relationship between serum selenium levels and prostate cancer in a case-control study of 130 Iranian men. The results showed that men with prostate cancer had significantly lower serum selenium levels than controls. Lower selenium levels were associated with higher risk of prostate cancer. While some other studies have also found an inverse association, a few large randomized controlled trials did not replicate these results. The study supports the hypothesis that higher selenium intake through diet or supplements may reduce prostate cancer risk.

2. Serum Selenium Level and Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study G.POURMAND, M.D. Professor of Urology, Urology Research Center, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran Tehran, IRAN

3. Background  Essential trace element (1)  Meat, seafood, grains, eggs and etc (1)  Chemo-protective effects (2) 1- Combs GF Jr. 2004, Br J Cancer; Klein EA. 2004, J Urol; Platz EA and Helzlsouer KJ. 2001, Epidemiol Rev. 2- Redman C and Lee S. 1998, Cancer lett; Combs GF Jr. 2005, J Nutr; Kim YS and Milner J. 2001, Nutr Cancer.

5.  Various parts of the world   Other studies  ≠ Other reports

6. Objective Does selenium have any effect on Prostate Cancer?

12. Comparison of demographic and baseline characteristics of patients in both groups; (values are mean±SD)

13. Characteristic Cancer Group (n=62) Control Group (n=68) P value Age (yrs) 70.0±7.6 68.1±8.1 0.17 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.2±2.1 24.3±3.0 0.86 Se. Level (μg/L) 66.3±17.7 77.5±22.5 <0.002 FH of PCa 2(3.2%) 1(1.5%) 0.60 Smoking 0.46 Never 45(72.6%) 50(73.5%) Past 12(19.4%) 9(13.2%) Current 5(8.1%) 9(13.2%) PSA (ng/ml) 23.9±25.8 5.7±4.4 <0.001

14. Characteristic Cancer Group (n=62) Control Group (n=68) P value Tumor Grading - Low (GS<7) 17(27.4%) - Intermediate (GS=7) 22(35.5%) - High (GS>7) 23(37.1%) - Treatment procedure Surgery 24(38.7%) - Hormonal therapy 36(58.1%) - Radiotherapy 2(3.2%) - Nutritional selenium consumption 8.54±1.84 8.45±1.78 0.78

15. Association between age, BMI, smoking, serum selenium level and the risk of prostate cancer Variable OR 95%CI P value Age (yrs) 1.037 0.99-1.09 0.134 BMI (kg/m2) 1.000 0.87-1.15 0.999 Smoking habit Never 1 - - Former 0.935 0.34-2.26 0.896 Current 0.475 0.14-1.63 0.237 Selenium level (μg/L) <67.7 1 - - 67.7-89.29 0.478 0.21-1.10 0.084 ≥ 89.3 0.160 0.055-0.470 0.001

16. Correlation coefficients between serum selenium level and age, BMI, and PSA in controls group Variable Mean±SD Pearson r P value Age (yrs) 68.1±8.1 -0.19 0.12 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.3±3 -0.03 0.78 PSA (ng/ml) 5.75±4.4 0.03 0.83

20.  SELECT Trial  Plasma selenium decreases by aging  Role in progression  Smoking and selenium-prostate cancer association

21. Conclusion  Our study supports the hypothesis that selenium may protect prostate cancer  Supplementary selenium  Selenium-rich foods

22. Thank you for your time and attention