Selection of Claycrete Projects from 1995 - 2004 Re-visited (2006)

1. Ionic Soil Stabiliser Stabilisation of Higher P.I. Clay Based Material

3. Corrigin - Narembeen Rd. Re-constructed with CLAYCRETE April 2002

4. Photo Taken Sept. 2003 Photo Taken May 2002 Re-constructed with Claycrete April 2002 and sealed within 4 weeks

5. Photo taken Jan. 2006 Photo taken Jan. 2006 This area has a high clay material with high water retention. Major drainage required as shown in photo. When revisited the road looked as new, with the shoulders and seal in un-marked condition

6. Travelling on this road at 110kph there was absolutely no undulations or suspension vibrations Photo taken Jan. 2006

7. Spurr Road Kondinin Re-constructed with CLAYCRETE October 1995

8. Road re-constructed October 1995 Nuclear Density CBR test October 1996 Test results, taken after 12 months, show a significant CBR increase

9. Spurr Road section re-constructed with Claycrete by Shire of Kondinin—October 1995 Picture taken September 2003. Inspection shows road in excellent shape. NO Shire records of any maintenance grading since construction. Photo taken Sept. 2003

10. September 2003 January 2006 Loose material is easily brushed off to reveal a firm well bound and solid pavement Regular on-site inspections confirm NO deterioration in the pavement or any rutting and corrugations. In recent week there was rain on this road as the next slide will illustrate

11. This first section of Spurr Rd. was never stabilised with Claycrete and has been re-sheeted and re-constructed twice since 1995. This area received a large downpour from cyclonic rains The truck that travelled on this section of Spurr road also travelled on the Claycrete constructed section adjoining approx 800m away. Next slide shows a dramatic difference. Photo taken Jan. 2006 Photo taken Jan. 2006

12. Spurr Road Both photo’s taken the same day and the vehicle MUST have travelled on both sections. January 2006 Constructed with Claycrete in 1995 Un-stabilised section adjoining the Claycrete section

13. Carstairs Rd. Lake Varley Forestania Nickel Mine 28 km Haul Road Re-constructed with CLAYCRETE October 1996

14. Carstairs Road – Lake Varley Haul road for Forestania Nickel Mine 28km re-constructed with Claycrete 1996 Mine decommissioned 2000 now sheep & wheat farming traffic

15. An excellent grading of gravel stone & clay re-constructed with Claycrete resulting in a first class tight & well bound pavement

16. Carstairs Road re-visited Jan. 2006 This area received cyclonic rains and flooding 2 weeks prior. Road still in excellent trafficable & Roadworthy condition

17. Forestania Nickel Mine – Lake Varley - Western Australia – 1996 Project: The haul route from mine to highway was used by light vehicles and school buses. Several near accidents caused the Local Government Shire to close the haul road during rain. This 28km haul road was re-constructed with Claycrete providing an ‘all weather’ pavement, with a view to safety for local & school bus traffic. Work was performed & controlled by the Shire of Lake Grace. Problem: For safety reasons, due to main school bus route, the road was closed to mine traffic during wet weather. The road was badly corrugated with un-ravelling and creating excessive dust, needing constant maintenance, also very slippery in the wet due to high clay content. The local Government Shire required an ‘All Weather’ road to safely accommodate the heavy mine hauling trucks as well as local and school bus traffic. Solution: The in-situ material had a high clay content with high plasticity and good stone content. This in-situ material was re-constructed with Claycrete resulting in considerable savings, compared with the need to import 20cm of new material for a complete re-sheeting program. The crew finished mixing one section on a Friday afternoon and decided to trim and finish the section on the following Monday. When they returned to site the road had set up with truck tyre marks in the surface. The Shire grader was unable to cut the surface and was forced to leave the marks on the pavement surface.

18. The tight well bound surface achieved by the Claycrete method of construction resulted with a significant reduction in ‘billowing dust’, meaning that the ‘strength’ material of the road was not blown away and lost. In an un-stabilised situation the continual loss of road ‘strength’ materials in the billowing dust blowing off the road would result with requiring re-sheeting & re-construction of the road every 18 to 24 months. This road DID NOT require any major re-sheeting during the life of the road, also what was noticeable was NO LOSS of surface pavement material. Conclusion: The road was never closed during wet weather for the life of the mine once the road had been re-constructed with Claycrete, also maintenance was not required on the road. A nuclear density test for CBR increase was taken 12 months after the road was re-constructed and showed a large increase. This road was re-visited January 2006 and photo’s & movies taken. The road, today, is still a very good trafficable AND ‘all weather’ surface with evidence the road had sustained cyclonic rains in the last 2 weeks. A major issue with this road is that should the Authorities decide to upgrade the road and maybe even sealing it there is no need to re-stabilise the material, even tho it was stabilised in 1996. All that would be required is to rip the road and re-waterbind with ONLY 10% Claycrete added.

19. Still A Good Well Bound Surface with Signs of only Minimal Wear, as in loose material. Photo’s January 2006 Re-constructed with Claycrete in 1996

20. East Hyden Bin Road Kondinin Western Australia Re-constructed with CLAYCRETE Project Completed November 2001

21. Road was starting to deform and pothole with the asphalt deteriorating. The road was ripped and the in-situ high clay gravel material was re-constructed using Claycrete. Project completed November 2001

22. East Hyden Bin Road Section of Pavement Failure Across A Salt Pan The road Pavement was extensively rutted and undulating, with evidence of considerable movement under the seal. It was evident that the material was plastic and holding water. The decision was to re-work the section and stabilise with Claycrete. The existing seal was chopped & mixed into the re-worked in-situ material thus saving cost of disposal and cartage away. This photo is of the re-constructed and sealed Claycrete Pavement Construction was undertaken by Manager of Works Shire of Kondinin, November 2001 This Picture Taken September 2003. Details From CBH Show 2002-2003 Grain Haulage On This Road was 27,339 Tonnes In 365 (each way) Triple Road Train Movements Hauling An Average Of 75 Tonnes Per Load, Over & Above Local Farming Traffic Also Tourist Traffic To Wave Rock This Section of Road Is Now One Of The Main Connecting Routes To The Eastern States and used by heavy haulage interstate vehicles. Photo taken Sept. 2003

23. Project re-visited October 2004 Road in first class condition with NO Deformations or sign of damage Photo taken Oct. 2004

24. Project re-visited January 2006 Crossed the road at 110kmh and there was NO sign of deformations or faults in the pavement. The asphalt is now showing signs of ‘bleeding’ due to the current heavy haulage use Photo taken Jan. 2006

25. East Kalgarin Crossing re-constructed with CLAYCRETE December 2001

26. East Kalgarin access road Section of flood crossing re-constructed with Claycrete by Manager of Works Shire of Kondinin—December 2001 Project re-visited Sept. 2003 & Jan. 2006 Inspection shows road in excellent shape. Every year prior to the Claycrete re-construction this crossing was washed away & totally lost after every overflow during a wet season. Pic taken after a flow over the crossing. NO Maintenance has been required since re-constructed in December 2001

27. Evidence of Water Flow Over Road Is Clearly Seen Photo taken Sept. 2003 and water flow from right to left clearly visible

28. September 2003 January 2006 Both photo’s show evidence of water flow over the crossing. The latest shows considerable silt deposited on the road

29. January 2006 This photo clearly shows the heavy scouring caused by the large volume of water flowing over the crossing

30. Bridge washaway - Kondinin Cyclonic Rains January 2006 CLAYCRETE re-constructed 2002

31. Water reached here The water flowed over this road to width of the arrow mark and a depth of 40cm over the asphalt. The current was sufficient to wash away the bridge section Water reached knee cap height

32. January 2006 Cyclone Clare dumped a record 223mm (in 24 hours) of rain on and around Lake Grace & districts. Reported as - A ‘once in 500 year event’ Lake Grace is located approx 200km South East of Kondinin. The large volume of water dumped on Lake Grace has flowed to many surrounding areas via the lake system & thus also caused flooding, even as far as Kondinin. This damage at Kondinin was caused by the water flow from Lake Grace’s deluge, rather than directly from the cyclone.

33. Extract from West Australian newspaper Sat. 28 th Jan. 2006

34. Extract from West Australian newspaper Sat. 28th Jan. 2006

36. 3 weeks after the cyclonic rains roads and rail still remain submerged by the flooding. Article from West Australian newspaper 1 st February 2006

37. The base course was a high clay gravel material with good stone and re-constructed with Claycrete. This photo clearly shows the Claycrete material to the right of the yellow line. When inspected the Claycrete section was dry, firm & well bound with no scouring marks even tho water to 40cm deep washed over this road. Material left of the line was holding moisture. The flow of water started to lift the asphalt seal. The area was totally submerged for several days Note Next Slide

38. This photo shows the Claycrete clay gravel material still attached to the asphalt seal. This material has not broken down or washed away under the worst conditions of flooding & complete submersion for several days. Photo taken Jan. 2006

39. Hyden – Southern Cross Road Re-constructed with CLAYCRETE December 2004

40. Photo taken January 2006 3km section of road re-constructed with Claycrete. Driving on this road at 110kpm was extremely smooth with no vibrations thru the shock absorbers or steering wheel. This area received cyclonic rains 2 weeks prior to my visit.

41. The road is well constructed with excellent drainage and constructed with Claycrete from shoulder to shoulder. Thus if a vehicle's tyres leave the asphalt they will not damage the un-sealed areas nor the asphalt edge Photo taken Jan. 2006

42. 16/100 Briggs Street Welshpool 6106 Western Australia Email : [email_address] [email_address] TEL : +61(8) 9470 9117 FAX : +61(8) 9472 4366