Linn Cove Viaduct
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Linn Cove Viaduct : An Environmental Report
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Linn Cove Viaduct
- 2. LINN COVE VIADUCT CARRIES: Blue Ridge Parkway CROSSES: Grandfather Mountain OWNER: National Park Service MAINTAINED BY: National Park Service DESIGN: Segmental bridge MATERIAL: Concrete TOTAL LENGTH: 1,243 feet (379 m) WIDTH: 39.5 feet (12.0 m) LOCATION: GRANDFATHER MOUNTAIN
- 3. LONGEST SPAN:180.1 feet (54.9 m) DESIGNER: Figg & Muller Engineering Group CONSTRUCTED BY: Jasper Construction Co. CONSTRUCTION START: 1979 CONSTRUCTION END: 1987 CONSTRUCTION COST: $10 million INAUGURATED: September 11, 1987
- 5. Grandfather Mountain's delicate ecological system and unusually large number of globally imperiled ecosystem was cause for concern when plans for building this section of the Parkway started. They had to protect the special environment of Grandfather Mountain. The engineers were presented with the challenge of building a road without damaging one of the world's oldest mountains. The viaduct was designed by Figg and Muller who took painstaking measures to leave the smallest ecological footprint possible when designing and building the viaduct.
- 6. ESTABLISHING THE ROUTE The exact route location of this segment, commonly referred to as the "MISSING LINK.”
- 9. National Park Service landscape architects and Federal Highway Administration engineers agreed the road should be elevated, or bridged, where possible to eliminate massive cuts and fills. Figg and Muller Engineers, Inc. developed the bridge design and construction method. The result: the Linn Cove Viaduct at milepost 304.6, the most complicated concrete bridge ever built, snaking around boulder-strewn Linn Cove in a sweeping “S” curve.
- 10. CONSTRUCTION OF LINN COVE VIADUCT In order to prevent environmental damage and to allow construction to continue during severe winter weather, builders pre-cast sections indoors a few miles from the site using a process known as "match casting." Each new segment was cast against the segment preceding it.
- 11. The bridge's segments were precast at an indoor facility and transported to the bridge site, where each section was lowered into place by a custom crane placed on either edge of the existing structure.
- 12. The viaduct itself was the only access road for construction. Each pre-cast section was lowered by a stiff-leg crane and epoxied into position against the preceding segment. Steel cables threaded through the segments secured the entire bridge deck.
- 13. The viaduct was constructed from the top down to minimize disturbance to the natural environment. This method eliminated the need for a "pioneer road" and heavy equipment on the ground. The only construction that occurred at ground level was the drilling of foundations for the seven permanent piers, on which the Viaduct rests. Exposed rock was covered to prevent staining from concrete, epoxy, or grout. Tinted with iron oxide, the concrete blends in with the existing rock outcroppings. The only trees cut were those directly beneath the superstructure.
- 14. Linn Cove Viaduct. Placement of its foundations were determined by the location of the numerous boulders its built around.
- 15. TIMELINE OF COMPLETION Although the Blue Ridge Parkway’s construction began in 1935, construction of the Linn Cove Viaduct was delayed until 1979, when Congress finally approved funding. In the meantime, other portions of the "missing link," most of them north of the Viaduct, were completed bit-by-bit between 1968 and 1987
- 16. LINN COVE VIADUCT: THE MOST ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY BRIDGE The Viaduct was built to minimize the damage that a traditional cut- and-fill road would have caused to Grandfather Mountain. Supported by seven massive pillars, the viaduct almost floats in the air without disturbing the land below. To eliminate damage to the environment, no access roads were built for transporting heavy equipment on the ground.
- 17. This seven-mile section of the Blue Ridge Parkway was delayed for twenty years as environmentalists, adjacent landowners, engineers, and architects sought a design that would preserve and protect the fragile habitat of adjacent Grandfather Mountain.
- 18. Recognized internationally as an engineering marvel. The most complicated bridge ever built An accessible paved trail begins at the visitor center and leads to a beautiful view of the Viaduct from underneath, and gives hikers access to the Tanawha Trail.
- 19. Linn Cove Viaduct, sometimes called the “missing link” Provides not only one of the most iconic views of the Parkway, but a rich history as well The Linn Cove Viaduct is a beautiful reminder of the historical cooperation between the government and its citizens, as well as the beginning of environmentally conscious development and natural resource conservation as we know it today.
- 20. F O R
- 22. 1. CARRIES 2. CROSSES 3. OWNER 4. MAINTAINED BY 5. DESIGN 6. MATERIAL 7. TOTAL LENGTH 8. WIDTH 9. LONGEST SPAN 10. DESIGNER 11. CONSTRUCTED BY 12. CONSTRUCTION START 13. CONSTRUCTION END 14. CONSTRUCTION COST 15. INAUGURATED TEST I:
- 23. In order to prevent environmental damage and to allow construction to continue during severe winter weather, builders pre-cast sections indoors a few miles from the site using a process known as 1.____________. The viaduct was designed by 2._____ and 3._____ who took painstaking measures to leave the smallest ecological footprint possible when designing and building the viaduct. TEST II: FILL IN THE BLANKS (2pts each)
- 24. 4._______ delicate ecological system and unusually large number of globally imperiled ecosystem was cause for concern when plans for building this section of the Parkway started. They had to protect the special environment of Grandfather Mountain. The engineers were presented with the challenge of building a road without damaging one of the world's oldest mountains.
- 25. 5,_______ landscape architects and 6.______ engineers agreed the road should be 7.______ , or bridged, where possible to eliminate massive 8.______ and 9.______ . Figg and Muller Engineers, Inc. developed the bridge design and construction method. The result: the most complicated concrete bridge ever built, snaking around boulder-strewn LINN COVE in a sweeping 10._______ curve.
- 26. TEST III: (15pts.) 1. EXPLAIN why the LINN COVE VIADUCT is considered as the most environment friendly bridge.
Editor's Notes
- The exact route location of this segment, commonly referred to as the "missing link,” created a lengthy and heated controversy between private individuals and the National Park Service. Finally, North Carolina Governor Dan K. Moore negotiated a compromise location. A key factor in this controversy was environmental concern over Grandfather Mountain. Engineers were faced with a serious question: How do you build a road at an elevation of 4,100 feet without damaging one of the world's oldest mountains? Pictue only(discuss)
- National Park Service landscape architects and Federal Highway Administration engineers agreed the road should be elevated, or bridged, where possible to eliminate massive cuts and fills. Figg and Muller Engineers, Inc. developed the bridge design and construction method. The result: the most complicated concrete bridge ever built, snaking around boulder-strewn Linn Cove in a sweeping "S" curve.
- Construction was delayed until 1979, when Congress finally approved funding. Completed in 1983 at a cost of almost $10 million, the Linn Cove Viaduct is 1,243 feet long and contains 153 segments weighing 50 ton each. Only one segment, the southernmost, is straight
- In order to prevent environmental damage and to allow construction to continue during severe winter weather, builders pre-cast sections indoors a few miles from the site using a process known as "match casting." Each new segment was cast against the segment preceding it. The viaduct itself was the only access road for construction. Each pre-cast section was lowered by a stiff-leg crane and epoxied into position against the preceding segment. Steel cables threaded through the segments secured the entire bridge deck. The viaduct was constructed from the top down to minimize disturbance to the natural environment. This method eliminated the need for a "pioneer road" and heavy equipment on the ground. The only construction that occurred at ground level was the drilling of foundations for the seven permanent piers, on which the Viaduct rests. Exposed rock was covered to prevent staining from concrete, epoxy, or grout. Tinted with iron oxide, the concrete blends in with the existing rock outcroppings. The only trees cut were those directly beneath the superstructure.
- A primitive, temporary road built along the route of a job, to provide means for moving equipment and workers
- Although the Blue Ridge Parkway’s construction began in 1935, construction of the Linn Cove Viaduct was delayed until 1979, when Congress finally approved funding. In the meantime, other portions of the "missing link," most of them north of the Viaduct, were completed bit-by-bit between 1968 and 1987. In addition to 12 bridges, the 7.5 mile section includes a dozen parking overlooks and the 13.5 mile Tanawha Trail, stretching from Beacon Heights to Julian Price Park. A ribbon-cutting dedication ceremony on September 11, 1987, heralded the completion of the Parkway and the end, too, of a narrow and crooked 14-mile detour around Grandfather Mountain via the Tonahlossee Trail (U.S. 221). The final section is not only a triumph of engineering and sensitivity to the environment; it is a joy to drive, safe but thrilling. Hugging the contours and Grandfather Mountain, the road gently curves and rolls, presenting motorists with magnificent views as it sweeps toward the sky.
- The Blue Ridge Parkway's Linn Cove Viaduct is an engineering wonder you can drive over and explore underneath.