Natural selection and artificial selection are both processes that can lead to evolution and new species. Natural selection occurs in nature as organisms adapt to their environment, while artificial selection is when humans intentionally breed animals and plants to promote certain desirable traits, while discouraging others. Humans have been practicing artificial selection for thousands of years in agriculture and livestock. The most prominent example is dog breeding over 10,000 years, which has resulted in over 800 distinct breeds all derived from gray wolves through artificial selection imposed by humans. However, artificial selection that overly focuses on purebred lines can reduce genetic diversity and increase risks of hereditary disease.