The document discusses taxation in Kazakhstan, including the development of its tax code over time. It outlines 9 main types of taxes used in jurisdictions, classified into classes. The types include corporate income tax, VAT, individual income tax, rent tax, property tax, land tax, excise tax, vehicle tax, and social tax. The purposes of taxation are also summarized as supporting government operations, functioning of government, managing macroeconomic performance, redistributing resources, and modifying patterns of consumption or employment.