Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes it difficult to read due to problems recognizing and processing symbols in the brain. It is neurological in nature and tends to run in families, though its exact causes are unknown. Around 15-17% of people are dyslexic, though it affects individuals differently and is not related to intelligence. Teachers can help dyslexic students by using multisensory techniques, allowing alternative assessments, and providing supportive environments.