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This document discusses the evolution of software components from modules and procedures to classes and objects. It provides definitions of software components from several experts as logically cohesive and loosely coupled modules that perform specific functions. The document discusses the granularity of components as either high-level and specialized or low-level and generic. It also covers software component interfaces in terms of service contracts and formal contracts. Finally, it briefly introduces design patterns, frameworks, and specific patterns like Adapter and Bridge.

Technology

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 1
On Software Components
LISHA/UFSC
Prof. Dr. Antônio Augusto Fröhlich

March 2004

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 2
Software Component Evolution
Modules VB
Java
classes
1970
1980
1990
2000
1960
procedures
OO++
GP

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 3
Software Component Definitions
logically cohesive, loosely coupled module that denotes a single abstraction.
(Grady Booch, 1987)
already implemented units that we use to en-hance the programming language
constructs.
(Ivar Jacobson, 1993)
self-contained, clearly identifiable pieces that describe and/or perform specific
functions, have clear interfaces, appropriate documentation, and a defined
reuse status.
(Johannes Sametinger, 1997)
unit of composition with contractually specified interfaces and explicit context
dependencies only.
(Clemens Szyperski, 1997)

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 4
Software Component Granularity

High granularity

Specialized

Reusable

Efficient

Low granularity

Generic

Composable
component
granularity
a lot of small components
What is this component for?
What is the difference to that other one?
How do I use it?
e.g. container
e.g. subsystem
Do I have to take this junk as well?
The component I need is not there!
a few large components

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 5
Software Component Interfaces

Service contracts

Clients: what to expect and how to deploy

Providers: what to implement

Formal contracts

Syntax: interface

Behavior: pre and post conditions ...

Support composition validation

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 6
Design Patterns

Catalog of solutions to recurring problems in the object-
orientation scene

Taxonomy of elementary OO architectures

Orthogonal to domain matters

Composition

Adapter: incompatible interfaces

Bridge: decouple abstraction and implementation

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 7
The Adapter Pattern

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 8
The Bridge Pattern

Software
Component
Engineering
March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 9
Frameworks

Arrangement of classes
that captures a reusable
design

Abstract: implementation
inheritance

Concrete: reusable
implementations

Whitebox framework

Inheritance and overriding

Blackbox (component
framework)

Interfaces and composition

System-wide properties

This study examines the object oriented programming (OOP) and its calculated measures in programming interactivity in Nigeria. It focused on the existing programming languages used by programmers and examines the need for integrating programming interactivity with OOP. A survey was conducted to measure interactivity amongst professionals using certain parameters like flexibility, interactivity, speed, interoperability, scalability, dynamism, and solving real life problems. Data was gathered using questionnaire, and analysis was carried out using frequency, percentage ratio, and mean in arriving at a more proactive stand. The results revealed that the some of the parameters used are highly in support of the programming interactivity with OOP.

Naming the Identified Feature Implementation Blocks from Software Source Code

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Identifying software identifiers that implement a particular feature of a software product is known as feature identification. Feature identification is one of the most critical and popular processes performed by software engineers during software maintenance activity. However, a meaningful name must be assigned to the Identified Feature Implementation Block (IFIB) to complete the feature identification process. The feature naming process remains a challenging task, where the majority of existing approaches manually assign the name of the IFIB. In this paper, the approach called FeatureClouds was proposed, which can be exploited by software developers to name the IFIBs from software code. FeatureClouds approach incorporates word clouds visualization technique to name Feature Blocks (FBs) by using the most frequent words across these blocks. FeatureClouds had evaluated by assessing its added benefit to the current approaches in the literature, where limited tool support was supplied to software developers to distinguish feature names of the IFIBs. For validity, FeatureClouds had applied to draw shapes and ArgoUML software. The findings showed that the proposed approach achieved promising results according to well-known metrics in terms of Precision and Recall.

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sc.pdf

1. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 1 On Software Components LISHA/UFSC Prof. Dr. Antônio Augusto Fröhlich March 2004

2. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 2 Software Component Evolution Modules VB Java classes 1970 1980 1990 2000 1960 procedures OO++ GP

3. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 3 Software Component Definitions logically cohesive, loosely coupled module that denotes a single abstraction. (Grady Booch, 1987) already implemented units that we use to en-hance the programming language constructs. (Ivar Jacobson, 1993) self-contained, clearly identifiable pieces that describe and/or perform specific functions, have clear interfaces, appropriate documentation, and a defined reuse status. (Johannes Sametinger, 1997) unit of composition with contractually specified interfaces and explicit context dependencies only. (Clemens Szyperski, 1997)

4. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 4 Software Component Granularity High granularity Specialized Reusable Efficient Low granularity Generic Composable component granularity a lot of small components What is this component for? What is the difference to that other one? How do I use it? e.g. container e.g. subsystem Do I have to take this junk as well? The component I need is not there! a few large components

5. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 5 Software Component Interfaces Service contracts Clients: what to expect and how to deploy Providers: what to implement Formal contracts Syntax: interface Behavior: pre and post conditions ... Support composition validation

6. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 6 Design Patterns Catalog of solutions to recurring problems in the object- orientation scene Taxonomy of elementary OO architectures Orthogonal to domain matters Composition Adapter: incompatible interfaces Bridge: decouple abstraction and implementation

7. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 7 The Adapter Pattern

8. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 8 The Bridge Pattern

9. Software Component Engineering March 2004 http://www.lisha.ufsc.br 9 Frameworks Arrangement of classes that captures a reusable design Abstract: implementation inheritance Concrete: reusable implementations Whitebox framework Inheritance and overriding Blackbox (component framework) Interfaces and composition System-wide properties

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