The document outlines the role of science and technology in Philippine nation-building, discussing its historical context from pre-Spanish to contemporary times. It examines the evolution of scientific education, government policies, and significant contributions from prominent Filipino scientists. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and influences shaping the landscape of science and technology in the Philippines.

1. General Concepts and Historical Events in
Science, Technology, and Society
Science, Technology and Nation Building
Prepared by: Mr. Frederick Andrew H. Agunod
Mathematics Instructor

2. Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
❑ Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation
building;
❑ Evaluate government policies pertaining to Science &
Technology in terms of their contributions to nation building
and;
❑ Identify actual Science & Technology policies if the
government and appraise their impact on the development of
the Filipino Nation.

3. Historical Background of Science and Technology in
Philippines
❑ Historical Background of
Science and Technology in
Philippines.
❖ Own belief system and
indigenous knowledge
❖ Keeps them organized and
sustained their lives and
communities for many years.

4. PRE – SPANISH PHILIPPINES

5. PRE – SPANISH PHILIPPINES
❑ SCIENCE CONCEPTS
❖ Planting crops that provide
them food.
❖ Taking care of animals.
❖ Food Production
❖ Interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict
seasons and climates.
❖ Medicinal uses of plants.

6. PRE – SPANISH PHILIPPINES
❑ TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
❖ Building houses
❖ Irrigations
❖ Developing tools
❖ Music instruments
❖ Metal age influence

7. SPANISH RULE

8. SPANISH RULE
❑ Established schools and introduced the concepts of subjects
and disciplines.
❑ Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different
concepts related to the human body, plants, animals and bodies.
❑ Technology focuses on using and developing house tools.

9. LIFE DURING THE SPANISH ERA
❑ Became modernized
❖ Filipinos replicated technology brought by the Spaniards using
indigenous materials.
❖ Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal
colleges and universities.

10. GALLEON TRADE

11. GALLEON TRADE
❑ The galleon trade was supplied by merchants largely from port
areas of Fujian who travelled to Manila to sell the Spaniards
spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth and other valuable
commodities.
❑ From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade contributed to the
change of culture, language and environment for both
Philippines and Mexico.

12. GALLEON TRADE
❑ The galleon trade was government monopoly. Only two galleons
were used. One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000
pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at the sea; the other sailed
from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods
spending 90 days the sea.
❑ The country became one of the centers of the global trade in SEA
❑Superstitious beliefs and catholic doctrines and practices halted the
growth of science in the country.

13. AMERICAN PERIOD

14. MORE INFLUENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
❑ Public education system
❑ Improved engineering works and health of the people.
❑ Mineral resources were explored and exploited.
❑ Reorganized the learning of science.
❑ In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and
science and sanitation.

15. HEALTH SANITATION
❑ Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene and
healthy practices.
❑ Hospitals, clinics and health centers were established including
public hospitals for lepers.

16. INFRASTRUCTURE
❑ Americans built roads, streets, and bridges.
❑ The new infrastructure helped make the movement of products and
services more efficient.
❑ Boulevards, zone districts, and centers of leisure were also
established.

17. THE WORLD WAR II
❑ The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins
of the war.
❑ The human spirit to survive and to rebuild the country may be
strong but the capacity of the country to bring back what was
destroyed was limited.

18. THE NEW REBUPLIC
❑ Focusing on using its limited resources in improving Science &
Technology capability.
❑ Use of Overseas development allocation to improve scientific
productivity and technological capability.
❑ Human resource development.

19. INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF S & T
IN THE PHILIPPINES
INTERNAL
INFLUENCES
❖ Survival
❖Culture
❖Economic
Activities
DEVELOPMENT OF
S &T IN THE
PHILIPPINES
EXTERNAL
INFLUENCES
❖ Foreign
Colonizers
❖ Trade with
foreign countries
❖ International
Economic
demands.

20. ❑ HOW DOES
SCHOOL SCIENCE
SHAPE OUR
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY IN
OUR COUNTRY ?

21. GOVERNMENT
POLICIES
ON
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

22. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
❑ Introduced and implemented programs, projects and policies to
boost science and technology.
❑ GOAL: prepare the whole country and its people to meet the
demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the
people to live in the world driven by science.

24. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the
government, particularly the DOST, has sought
the expertise of the NRCP to the consult various
sectors in the society to study how the
Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the
ASEAN 2015 GOALS.

25. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ The NRCP clustered these policies into four (4):
❖ Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies
and Governance.
❖ Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics.
❖ Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
❖ Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry.

26. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Polices
and Governance
❖ Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding
curriculum.
❖ Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue.
❖ Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT
broadband.
❖ Local food security.

27. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics.
❖ Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities.
❖ Outright grants for peer monitoring
❖ Review of RA 9184
❖ Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of
development.

28. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
❖ Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN –
harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA.
❖ Creating an education council to standardization and
pharmaceutical services and care.
❖ Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence –
based research as pool of information.
❖ Allocating 2% of the GDP to research
❖Legislating a law supporting human genome project.

29. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF
THE PHILIPPINES
❑ Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry
❖ Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of
existing laws.
❖ Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries.
❖ Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous
people’s conservation.
❖ Formulation of common food and safety standards.

30. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENE
❑ This Filipino scientist are:
❖ Ramon Cabanos Barba – for his outstanding research on tissue
culture in Philippine mangoes.
❖ Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his works on observing the
characteristics of Antartica by using satellite images
❖ Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. – known internationally in the field of
electrical engineering

31. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE
❖ Lourdes Jansuy Cruz – notable for her research on sea snail
venom
❖ Fabian Millar Dayrit – for his research on herbal medicine
❖ Rafael Dineros Guerrero III - for his research on tilapia culture
❖ Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. – for inventing the meconium drug
testing.
❖ Lilian Formalejo Patena – for doing research on plant
biotechnology

32. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE
❖ Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz – for being an outstanding educator
and graph theorist.
❖ Gregory Ligot Tangonan – for his research in the field of
communications technology.

33. THE END
&
THANK YOU