This year marked significant progress in gene therapy with successful clinical trials demonstrating its potential to treat devastating genetic diseases like blindness, brain disorders, and "bubble boy" disease. Researchers were able to halt progression or cure patients by inserting corrected genes to repair malfunctioning cells. This helped gene therapy turn a corner after struggles with safety issues in early trials.
The document outlines the schedule for Science Day 2012 hosted by Govinda Bhisetti on December 28, 2012. The day-long event includes an introduction, a tribute to Dr. Yellapragada SubbaRow, a discussion of the 2012 Nobel Prizes, a screening of a movie, and presentations on breakthroughs in science from the past year. It also provides background information on Dr. SubbaRow and how Nobel Prize winners are selected.
The absolute chronology and thermal processing of solids in the solar protopl...Carlos Bella
CAIs define a brief formation interval corresponding to an age of 4567.30 ± 0.16 million years, whereas chondrules range from 4567.32 ± 0.42 to 4564.71 ± 0.30 million years. U-Pb dating refutes the long-held view of an age gap between CAIs and chondrules, instead indicating chondrule formation started contemporaneously with CAIs and lasted ~3 million years. This timeline is similar to protoplanetary disk lifetimes from astronomy, suggesting CAI and chondrule formation occurred during the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk.
Petar V. Kokotovic and Hector J. Sussmann are renowned control theorists who have made significant contributions to nonlinear control systems. Kokotovic founded the Center for Control Engineering and Computation at UC Santa Barbara and developed constructive nonlinear control methods. Sussmann taught at Rutgers University and authored over 140 research papers in nonlinear and optimal control.
The document discusses the concept of "peaking" in nonlinear control systems, where the state or output variables can grow unboundedly fast as the system evolves over time. Peaking poses a structural obstacle to achieving global or semiglobal stabilization of nonlinear systems using feedback control. The paper presents theoretical results showing that peaking can cause the region of attraction
The document discusses three individuals who were awarded the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences: Alvin Roth, Lloyd Shapley, and John Nash. Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley were recognized for their work on stable allocation and market design theory. Roth developed theory for matching markets and practical market applications. Shapley pioneered game theory and made foundational contributions to mathematical economics. The third laureate, John Nash, developed the concept of Nash equilibrium.
This thesis document describes Craig Onodera's master's research on using structural DNA origami to engineer self-assembled nanostructures for nanodevice fabrication. The document includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, table of contents, and 6 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Subsequent chapters describe DNA origami and its design principles, dimerization of DNA origami nanotubes, functionalization with quantum dots and gold nanoparticles, purpose-built DNA origami nanostructures for chiral nanoparticle arrays, and conclusions. Figures and tables are included to illustrate DNA structures, origami designs, and results.
This article reports the detection of two gas clouds with no discernible elements heavier than hydrogen, representing the lowest heavy-element abundance observed in the early universe. One cloud at z=3.4 exhibits a deuterium abundance matching predictions from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, providing direct evidence for the standard cosmological model. The sparse metal enrichment of these clouds implies an inhomogeneous process for transporting heavy elements from galaxies into the surrounding intergalactic medium.
Pamela L. Gordon is a scientist with an active Top Secret clearance from the Department of Defense. She has published numerous refereed journal articles and book chapters on topics related to actinide chemistry, including studies of neptunium, plutonium, and uranium speciation under various conditions. Gordon also has other publications, presentations, and reports on emerging chemical threats and nanotechnology.
The document is a set of slides for a lecture on the Tree of Life. It discusses evidence that all life on Earth is related, including universal traits like the genetic code and cell structure. It covers historical models of the Tree of Life from Darwin to the modern understanding based on Carl Woese's work comparing rRNA sequences. Woese's RNA-based tree supported the division of life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya domains, reflecting a more complex early evolution than previously thought.
The document outlines the schedule for Science Day 2012 hosted by Govinda Bhisetti on December 28, 2012. The day-long event includes an introduction, a tribute to Dr. Yellapragada SubbaRow, a discussion of the 2012 Nobel Prizes, a screening of a movie, and presentations on breakthroughs in science from the past year. It also provides background information on Dr. SubbaRow and how Nobel Prize winners are selected.
The absolute chronology and thermal processing of solids in the solar protopl...Carlos Bella
CAIs define a brief formation interval corresponding to an age of 4567.30 ± 0.16 million years, whereas chondrules range from 4567.32 ± 0.42 to 4564.71 ± 0.30 million years. U-Pb dating refutes the long-held view of an age gap between CAIs and chondrules, instead indicating chondrule formation started contemporaneously with CAIs and lasted ~3 million years. This timeline is similar to protoplanetary disk lifetimes from astronomy, suggesting CAI and chondrule formation occurred during the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk.
Petar V. Kokotovic and Hector J. Sussmann are renowned control theorists who have made significant contributions to nonlinear control systems. Kokotovic founded the Center for Control Engineering and Computation at UC Santa Barbara and developed constructive nonlinear control methods. Sussmann taught at Rutgers University and authored over 140 research papers in nonlinear and optimal control.
The document discusses the concept of "peaking" in nonlinear control systems, where the state or output variables can grow unboundedly fast as the system evolves over time. Peaking poses a structural obstacle to achieving global or semiglobal stabilization of nonlinear systems using feedback control. The paper presents theoretical results showing that peaking can cause the region of attraction
The document discusses three individuals who were awarded the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences: Alvin Roth, Lloyd Shapley, and John Nash. Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley were recognized for their work on stable allocation and market design theory. Roth developed theory for matching markets and practical market applications. Shapley pioneered game theory and made foundational contributions to mathematical economics. The third laureate, John Nash, developed the concept of Nash equilibrium.
This thesis document describes Craig Onodera's master's research on using structural DNA origami to engineer self-assembled nanostructures for nanodevice fabrication. The document includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, table of contents, and 6 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Subsequent chapters describe DNA origami and its design principles, dimerization of DNA origami nanotubes, functionalization with quantum dots and gold nanoparticles, purpose-built DNA origami nanostructures for chiral nanoparticle arrays, and conclusions. Figures and tables are included to illustrate DNA structures, origami designs, and results.
This article reports the detection of two gas clouds with no discernible elements heavier than hydrogen, representing the lowest heavy-element abundance observed in the early universe. One cloud at z=3.4 exhibits a deuterium abundance matching predictions from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, providing direct evidence for the standard cosmological model. The sparse metal enrichment of these clouds implies an inhomogeneous process for transporting heavy elements from galaxies into the surrounding intergalactic medium.
Pamela L. Gordon is a scientist with an active Top Secret clearance from the Department of Defense. She has published numerous refereed journal articles and book chapters on topics related to actinide chemistry, including studies of neptunium, plutonium, and uranium speciation under various conditions. Gordon also has other publications, presentations, and reports on emerging chemical threats and nanotechnology.
The document is a set of slides for a lecture on the Tree of Life. It discusses evidence that all life on Earth is related, including universal traits like the genetic code and cell structure. It covers historical models of the Tree of Life from Darwin to the modern understanding based on Carl Woese's work comparing rRNA sequences. Woese's RNA-based tree supported the division of life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya domains, reflecting a more complex early evolution than previously thought.
The document outlines the schedule and topics for Govinda Bhisetti's Science Day event on December 30, 2008. The schedule includes presentations on the 2006 Nobel Prizes, science trivia, a discussion on breakthroughs in science in 2008, and a discussion on the 2008 financial meltdown.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validationSana Rubab
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the cell nucleus rather than being randomly arranged. Recent advances in 3D imaging technology have revealed that chromosomes interact physically with neighboring chromosomes and genes migrate within the nucleus depending on their function. A chromosome's position can influence whether the genes it carries are active or inactive, providing insights into gene regulation, health, and disease states like cancer.
Chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the cell nucleus rather than being randomly arranged. Recent advances in 3D imaging technology have revealed that chromosomes interact physically with neighboring chromosomes and genes migrate within the nucleus depending on their function. A chromosome's position can influence whether the genes it carries are active or inactive, providing insights into gene regulation and how some diseases like cancer arise.
The Genomics Revolution: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly (UEOP16 Keynote)Emiliano De Cristofaro
The document discusses the genomics revolution and its implications for privacy. It outlines the good of genetic testing and medicine, the bad of collecting sensitive genomic data that is hard to anonymize, and the ugly challenges of balancing privacy and the greater good. It then reviews the history of genome sequencing and cost reductions. The remainder summarizes privacy issues like re-identification risks, kin privacy, and challenges of data sharing. It also outlines cryptography techniques being explored to enable private genomic computation and testing on encrypted genomes. Open problems remain around long-term data storage and usability of privacy techniques.
This document discusses cloning and its potential uses and controversies. It begins by defining DNA and RNA as the essential ingredients for life, carrying genetic information. It then defines cloning as the process of creating identical genetic copies, which occurs naturally but can also be achieved through biotechnology. The document outlines several methods of cloning, from gene cloning to somatic cell nuclear transfer. It notes cloning could allow targeted genetic manipulation and addresses both potential benefits, such as more efficient meat production, and concerns, such as the power it may one day give humanity over manipulating life. In closing, it states cloning removes uncertainty from selective breeding but that humanity is not yet ready to fully understand and utilize genetic manipulation.
This document discusses the human mitochondrial genome. It notes that mitochondria contain their own small genome, separate from the nuclear genome, that encodes 37 genes. It describes the publication of the sequence of the human mitochondrial genome in 1981, noting features like its compact size and lack of repair mechanisms. The document also discusses the D-loop region of mtDNA, which contains transcription promoters and hypervariable regions used in human population genetics studies. It explains that mitochondrial DNA is only inherited maternally, unlike nuclear DNA which is a mixture of both parents'.
Three types of cloning and the necessity to regulatePRINTDESK by Dan
Three main types of cloning are discussed: 1) DNA cloning which produces replicas of genes to study genomes and identify disease-causing genes, 2) Reproductive cloning which aims to clone entire organisms but resulted in health issues for Dolly the sheep, and 3) Therapeutic cloning which uses human embryos to study development and disease but is controversial due to the destruction of potential human life. The document argues that while cloning technology could benefit humanity if regulated, all three types must be properly defined and understood to ensure appropriate usage.
Dr. Nilesh Kate's physiology lecture covered intercellular communication and apoptosis. It discussed different types of intercellular junctions like tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions. It also explained the mechanisms of various chemical messengers and second messenger systems, including the adenylate cyclase-cAMP pathway. Regarding apoptosis, the lecture defined it as programmed cell death, described the mechanism involving caspases and DNA fragmentation, and listed examples like embryonic development and menstruation.
This presentation was created by Ioanna Leontiou and it is intended as a creative and flexible tool for students on Biological sciences who focus on the chromosome segregation. It is created to facilitate students performing research projects in our lab (especially during Covid restrictions), but it is suitable for every student who wants to learn more about chromosomes and the molecular mechanism controlling chromosome segregation. The presentation includes a generic overview of the cell division, illustrates the chromosome structure and provides molecular details of the spindle assembly checkpoint, an important pathway that ensures high fedility of chromosome segregation through mitosis. It also includes an introduction to some of the molecular biology techniques used in a yeast lab and incoporates some fluorescent microscopy images/videos. At the end of the presentantion there is a list of open access scientific publications for further reading on the the molecular mechanism of spindle checkpoint and some links of some very interesting sites, which include a range of videos on laboratory molecular biology techniques, research talks and guided papers. The purpose of this presentantion is to create a piece of work that students could return to when needed. Diagramms and illustrations are also encouranged to be used by scientists, science communicators and educators.
This presentation is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0), unless otherwise stated on the specific slide.
This document summarizes research on the topic of cloning. It discusses what cloning is, the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, potential applications and drawbacks of therapeutic cloning including using stem cells to treat disease, and the various ethical issues surrounding human cloning research. The document also notes that while some claims of human cloning have been made, there is currently no scientific evidence that humans have been successfully cloned.
Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division, with mitosis producing somatic cells and meiosis producing gametes like sperm and egg cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number through two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting in four haploid cells. The stages of each type of cell division involve chromosome condensation, alignment, separation, and decondensation along with cytoplasmic division.
The document provides an overview of biology and the scientific method. It discusses that biology is the study of living things through various branches and approaches. The scientific method is used to generate hypotheses and test theories through controlled experiments. Some key aspects of living things discussed are cells, metabolism, response to stimuli, homeostasis, growth, genetics, and reproduction. Paradigm shifts in scientific theories over time are also mentioned. The document then discusses some benefits of science like medicines and vaccines but also risks like nuclear weapons. It raises ethical issues around topics like nuclear power, animal testing, and human experimentation.
1. Whole genome sequencing is becoming more affordable and widespread, allowing for large datasets and personalized medicine applications.
2. However, genomic data is extremely sensitive and can be used to identify individuals and their relatives, even when anonymized. Once a genome is leaked, it cannot be revoked.
3. Computer scientists are exploring techniques to protect genomic privacy, such as differential privacy and secure computation, but enabling privacy-preserving genomic research remains a challenge.
This document discusses stem cells, cloning, and bioethics. It provides background on influential figures in bioethics like Aldo Leopold and Van Rensselaer Potter. It covers current issues related to stem cells, cloning, genetic engineering, and environmental health. The document outlines the history of stem cell research and cloning, including the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. It explains techniques for stem cell cultivation and nuclear transfer. Overall, the document aims to inform readers about modern bioethical issues emerging at the intersection of biology, biotechnology and medicine.
This document provides information about the Crafoord Prize Symposium on Cell Migration in Health and Disease held September 20-22, 2004 in Lund and Stockholm. The symposium featured talks on integrin cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte traffic control, interstitial fluid pressure and edema, neutrophil apoptosis, and cell adhesion and migration in tumor progression. It also introduces the 2004 Crafoord Laureates, Eugene Butcher and Timothy Springer, and their work elucidating the function of cell adhesion molecules in white blood cells and how they direct movement of cells into tissues, which is important for inflammation and immunity. Butcher's acceptance speech discusses his interest in science from a young age and how he became fascinated by how cells recognize and
This document provides an overview of cloning, including its history, classifications, procedures, applications, and ethical concerns. It begins with definitions of cloning and its relationship to biotechnology. It then discusses major milestones in cloning research from the 1950s to present day. It classifies cloning into natural, molecular, cell, and organism cloning. It describes procedures like therapeutic, reproductive, and replacement cloning. It outlines applications for genetically modified organisms, transgenic animals and plants, infertility treatment, organ transplants, and health improvements. Finally, it discusses scientific concerns like high failure rates and potential health issues, as well as ethical aspects.
The document outlines the schedule and topics for Govinda Bhisetti's Science Day event on December 30, 2008. The schedule includes presentations on the 2006 Nobel Prizes, science trivia, a discussion on breakthroughs in science in 2008, and a discussion on the 2008 financial meltdown.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validationSana Rubab
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the cell nucleus rather than being randomly arranged. Recent advances in 3D imaging technology have revealed that chromosomes interact physically with neighboring chromosomes and genes migrate within the nucleus depending on their function. A chromosome's position can influence whether the genes it carries are active or inactive, providing insights into gene regulation, health, and disease states like cancer.
Chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the cell nucleus rather than being randomly arranged. Recent advances in 3D imaging technology have revealed that chromosomes interact physically with neighboring chromosomes and genes migrate within the nucleus depending on their function. A chromosome's position can influence whether the genes it carries are active or inactive, providing insights into gene regulation and how some diseases like cancer arise.
The Genomics Revolution: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly (UEOP16 Keynote)Emiliano De Cristofaro
The document discusses the genomics revolution and its implications for privacy. It outlines the good of genetic testing and medicine, the bad of collecting sensitive genomic data that is hard to anonymize, and the ugly challenges of balancing privacy and the greater good. It then reviews the history of genome sequencing and cost reductions. The remainder summarizes privacy issues like re-identification risks, kin privacy, and challenges of data sharing. It also outlines cryptography techniques being explored to enable private genomic computation and testing on encrypted genomes. Open problems remain around long-term data storage and usability of privacy techniques.
This document discusses cloning and its potential uses and controversies. It begins by defining DNA and RNA as the essential ingredients for life, carrying genetic information. It then defines cloning as the process of creating identical genetic copies, which occurs naturally but can also be achieved through biotechnology. The document outlines several methods of cloning, from gene cloning to somatic cell nuclear transfer. It notes cloning could allow targeted genetic manipulation and addresses both potential benefits, such as more efficient meat production, and concerns, such as the power it may one day give humanity over manipulating life. In closing, it states cloning removes uncertainty from selective breeding but that humanity is not yet ready to fully understand and utilize genetic manipulation.
This document discusses the human mitochondrial genome. It notes that mitochondria contain their own small genome, separate from the nuclear genome, that encodes 37 genes. It describes the publication of the sequence of the human mitochondrial genome in 1981, noting features like its compact size and lack of repair mechanisms. The document also discusses the D-loop region of mtDNA, which contains transcription promoters and hypervariable regions used in human population genetics studies. It explains that mitochondrial DNA is only inherited maternally, unlike nuclear DNA which is a mixture of both parents'.
Three types of cloning and the necessity to regulatePRINTDESK by Dan
Three main types of cloning are discussed: 1) DNA cloning which produces replicas of genes to study genomes and identify disease-causing genes, 2) Reproductive cloning which aims to clone entire organisms but resulted in health issues for Dolly the sheep, and 3) Therapeutic cloning which uses human embryos to study development and disease but is controversial due to the destruction of potential human life. The document argues that while cloning technology could benefit humanity if regulated, all three types must be properly defined and understood to ensure appropriate usage.
Dr. Nilesh Kate's physiology lecture covered intercellular communication and apoptosis. It discussed different types of intercellular junctions like tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions. It also explained the mechanisms of various chemical messengers and second messenger systems, including the adenylate cyclase-cAMP pathway. Regarding apoptosis, the lecture defined it as programmed cell death, described the mechanism involving caspases and DNA fragmentation, and listed examples like embryonic development and menstruation.
This presentation was created by Ioanna Leontiou and it is intended as a creative and flexible tool for students on Biological sciences who focus on the chromosome segregation. It is created to facilitate students performing research projects in our lab (especially during Covid restrictions), but it is suitable for every student who wants to learn more about chromosomes and the molecular mechanism controlling chromosome segregation. The presentation includes a generic overview of the cell division, illustrates the chromosome structure and provides molecular details of the spindle assembly checkpoint, an important pathway that ensures high fedility of chromosome segregation through mitosis. It also includes an introduction to some of the molecular biology techniques used in a yeast lab and incoporates some fluorescent microscopy images/videos. At the end of the presentantion there is a list of open access scientific publications for further reading on the the molecular mechanism of spindle checkpoint and some links of some very interesting sites, which include a range of videos on laboratory molecular biology techniques, research talks and guided papers. The purpose of this presentantion is to create a piece of work that students could return to when needed. Diagramms and illustrations are also encouranged to be used by scientists, science communicators and educators.
This presentation is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0), unless otherwise stated on the specific slide.
This document summarizes research on the topic of cloning. It discusses what cloning is, the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, potential applications and drawbacks of therapeutic cloning including using stem cells to treat disease, and the various ethical issues surrounding human cloning research. The document also notes that while some claims of human cloning have been made, there is currently no scientific evidence that humans have been successfully cloned.
Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division, with mitosis producing somatic cells and meiosis producing gametes like sperm and egg cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number through two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting in four haploid cells. The stages of each type of cell division involve chromosome condensation, alignment, separation, and decondensation along with cytoplasmic division.
The document provides an overview of biology and the scientific method. It discusses that biology is the study of living things through various branches and approaches. The scientific method is used to generate hypotheses and test theories through controlled experiments. Some key aspects of living things discussed are cells, metabolism, response to stimuli, homeostasis, growth, genetics, and reproduction. Paradigm shifts in scientific theories over time are also mentioned. The document then discusses some benefits of science like medicines and vaccines but also risks like nuclear weapons. It raises ethical issues around topics like nuclear power, animal testing, and human experimentation.
1. Whole genome sequencing is becoming more affordable and widespread, allowing for large datasets and personalized medicine applications.
2. However, genomic data is extremely sensitive and can be used to identify individuals and their relatives, even when anonymized. Once a genome is leaked, it cannot be revoked.
3. Computer scientists are exploring techniques to protect genomic privacy, such as differential privacy and secure computation, but enabling privacy-preserving genomic research remains a challenge.
This document discusses stem cells, cloning, and bioethics. It provides background on influential figures in bioethics like Aldo Leopold and Van Rensselaer Potter. It covers current issues related to stem cells, cloning, genetic engineering, and environmental health. The document outlines the history of stem cell research and cloning, including the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. It explains techniques for stem cell cultivation and nuclear transfer. Overall, the document aims to inform readers about modern bioethical issues emerging at the intersection of biology, biotechnology and medicine.
This document provides information about the Crafoord Prize Symposium on Cell Migration in Health and Disease held September 20-22, 2004 in Lund and Stockholm. The symposium featured talks on integrin cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte traffic control, interstitial fluid pressure and edema, neutrophil apoptosis, and cell adhesion and migration in tumor progression. It also introduces the 2004 Crafoord Laureates, Eugene Butcher and Timothy Springer, and their work elucidating the function of cell adhesion molecules in white blood cells and how they direct movement of cells into tissues, which is important for inflammation and immunity. Butcher's acceptance speech discusses his interest in science from a young age and how he became fascinated by how cells recognize and
This document provides an overview of cloning, including its history, classifications, procedures, applications, and ethical concerns. It begins with definitions of cloning and its relationship to biotechnology. It then discusses major milestones in cloning research from the 1950s to present day. It classifies cloning into natural, molecular, cell, and organism cloning. It describes procedures like therapeutic, reproductive, and replacement cloning. It outlines applications for genetically modified organisms, transgenic animals and plants, infertility treatment, organ transplants, and health improvements. Finally, it discusses scientific concerns like high failure rates and potential health issues, as well as ethical aspects.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
3. 2009 Nobel Prize winners
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 3
4. • Monday, October 5, 2008 PHYSIOLOGY or MEDICINE
Elizabeth H. Blaxkburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak "for the discovery of how
chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
• Tuesday, October 6, 2008 PHYSICS
Charles K. Kao
"for ground breaking achievments concerning the transmission of light in the fibers for optical
communication’
William S. Boyle and George E. Smith for the inventon of an imaging semiconductor
circuiy - the CCD sensor”
• Wednesday, October 7, 2008 CHEMISTRY
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for the studies of the
structure and function of the ribosome”
• Monday, October 13, 2008 ECONOMICS
Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson for the analysis of economic governance”.
• Thursday, October 9, 2008 LITERATURE
Herta Müller ‘with concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscae of
the dispossessed”
• Friday, October 12, 2008 PEACE
Barack H. Obama “for his extraordinary efforts, to strengthen international diplomacy and
cooperation between people”
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 4
5. PHYSIOLOGY or MEDICINE
Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak
for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected
by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, 61 Carol W. Greider, 48 Jack W. Szostak, 57
University of California, Johns Hopkins University Harvard Medical School, MGH
San Francisco, CA Baltimore, MD Boston, MA
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 5
6. Tolemeres key to aging and cancer?
Inside the center or nucleus of a cell,
genes are located on twisted, double-
stranded molecules of DNA called
chromosomes.
At the ends of the chromosomes are
stretches of DNA called telomeres,
which protect our genetic data, make it
possible for cells to divide and hold
some secrets to how we age and get
cancer.
Telomeres have been compared with
the plastic tips on shoelaces because
they prevent chromosome ends from
fraying and sticking to each other,
which would scramble an organism's
genetic information to cause cancer,
other diseases or death.
Yet, each time a cell divides, the
telomeres get shorter. When they get
too short, the cell no longer can divide
and becomes inactive or senescent
or dies. This process is associated
with aging, cancer and a higher risk of
death. So telomeres also have been
compared with a bomb fuse.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 6
8. CHEMISTRY
Venki Ramakrishnan, Tom Steitz, Ada Yonath
for studies of the structure and function of the
ribosome”
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 57, Thomas A. Steitz 69, Ada E. Yonath, 70,
MRC Lab of Molecular Biology Yale University, Weizmann Inst. Science
Cambridge, UK New Haven, CT Rehovot, Israel
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 8
10. Two subunits of Ribosome
They are built of two subunits that associate upon initiation of protein synthesis. Typical eubacterial ribosomes (70S)
consist of 57 different molecules (3 rRNAs and 54 proteins) and can dissociate into a small (30S) and a large subunit
(50S). The small subunit is responsible for the formation of the initiation complex, performs the decoding of the genetic
information, and controls the fidelity of codon-anticodon interactions. The large subunit catalyzes the peptide bond
formation and provides the path for the nascent polypeptide chain.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 10
11. Ribosome is a complex machinary
The large subunit is in blue and the small subunit is yellow. The newly
synthesized peptide (green) is pushed through the canal.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 11
13. Chemistry Nobel Videos
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_DyylT
LG2kNR=1
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_n0Ij3
K_Hofeature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZTQPV
C7V1Qfeature=related
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 13
14. PHYSICS
Charles Kao, Willard Boyle and George Smith
- for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in
fibers for optical communication”
- for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor
Charles K. Kao, 76 Willard S. Boyle, 85 George E. Smith, 79
Standard Telecomm Labs Bell Laboratories, Bell Laboratories,
Harlow, UK Murray Hills, NJ Murray Hills, NJ
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 14
15. Kao’s fiber optics
In 1965, Kao concluded that the fundamental limitation for glass light attenuation is below 20 dB/km, which is a key
threshold value for optical communications.
At the time, optical fibers commonly exhibited light loss as high as 1,000 db/km and more.
With precise measurements of the attenuation of light with different wavelengths in glasses and other materials, Kao
pointed out that the high purity of fused silica (SiO2) made it an ideal candidate for optical communication.
Kao also stated that the impurity of glass material is the main cause for the dramatic decay of light transmission inside
glass fiber, rather than fundamental physical effects such as scattering as many physicists thought at that time, and such
impurity could be removed. This led to a worldwide study and production of high-purity glass fibers.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 15
16. CCDs: modern digital photography
In 1969 Willard S. Boyle
and George E. Smith
invented the first
successful imaging
technology using a digital
sensor, a CCD (Charge-
Coupled Device). The CCD
technology makes use of
the photoelectric effect
(Albert Einstein). By this
effect, light is transformed
into electric signals. The
challenge when designing
an image sensor was to
gather and read out the
signals in a large number
of image points, pixels, in a
short time.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 16
18. 2009 Science Breakthroughs
10. First X-ray Laser Shines. In April, a new type of light flashed into existence. Physicists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in
Menlo Park, California, turned on the world's first x-ray laser, a 130-meter beast called the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
that is powered by the lab's 3-kilometer, straight-shot particle accelerator.
9. Hubble Reborn. It was an aging workhorse that almost got put out to pasture. But this fall, the Hubble Space Telescope began
snapping the best images of its 19-year career, thanks to a successful servicing mission in May that has extended the
instrument's life by another 5 years.
8. Graphene Takes Off. Since 2004, when researchers discovered a simple way to peel the single-atom-thick sheets of carbon atoms
off chunks of graphite, researchers have scrambled to study this ultimate membrane. This year they took it to a new level, with a
string of discoveries that include new fundamental insights and ways to make large graphene sheets and turn them into novel
devices.
7. Gene Therapy Returns. Since the first human study of gene therapy began in 1990, the field has struggled with technical challenges
and setbacks such as the death of a volunteer in a trial. But this year, gene therapy turned a corner, as researchers reported
success in treating several devastating diseases:
6. An Icy Moon Revealed. Planetary scientists finally proved this year that a barren, often boiling-hot body like the moon can harbor
water ice. The finding renewed prospects for reading an eons-long environmental record and for literally fueling the exploration of
the solar system.
5. Live Long and Prosper. It's not Ponce de León's vision of the fountain of youth: the secretion of a dirt-dwelling bacterium from Easter
Island. But this year researchers showed that the compound, called rapamycin, boosts longevity in mice, the first time any drug
has stretched a mammal's life span.
4. Mock Monopoles Spotted. Physicists' pursuit of a long-sought particle called a magnetic monopole created ripples, or
quasiparticles, inside magnetic crystals that act like monopoles.
3. ABA Receptors. Although Fight or Flight is not in their behavioral repertoire, plants have their equivalent of an adrenaline rush: a
chemical called abscisic acid (ABA). High concentrations of ABA keep seeds dormant and help curtail water loss and inhibit root
and other vegetative growth when times are tough.
2. Opening Up the Gamma Ray Sky. The advance, part of a torrent of recent gamma ray observations, is giving researchers an
improved understanding of how pulsars work, along with a rich haul of new pulsars that could help in the quest to detect
gravitational waves.
1. Breakthrough of the Year: Ardipithecus ramidus. Fifteen years after its discovery, Ardipithecus ramidus, the oldest known skeleton of
a putative human ancestor, was finally unveiled in 11 papers in print and online in October. The discoverers of the 4.4-million-
year-old fossil proposed that she was a new kind of hominin, the family that includes humans and our ancestors but not the
ancestors of other living apes.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 18
19. The pulsars created by neutron stars that
are many thousand light-years distant
(about 1021 meter )…
the production of a new single-atom-thick
material such as graphene (about 10-9
meter)…
Thus, the two breakthroughs of the year
represent a difference of 1030 in scale ..
--- a breathtaking illustration of the
tremendous reach of science.
Bruce Alberts is Editor-in-Chief of Science
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 19
20. 10. First X-ray Laser Shines
a new type of light flashed into existence
• In April, physicists at SLAC National
Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park,
California, turned on the world's first x-ray
laser, a 130-meter beast called the Linac
Coherent Light Source (LCLS) that is
powered by the lab's 3-kilometer, straight-
shot particle accelerator.
• The machine is the heart of a $420 million
user facility, and after 3 years of
construction, researchers needed less than
2 hours to fire it up.
• For decades, scientists have used x-rays to
probe the atomic-scale structure of
materials. Shining a billion times brighter
than any previous source, the LCLS
produces pulses of x-rays as brief as 2
Electrons zipping through the LCLS's
millionths of a nanosecond, short enough to
magnets (above) generate copious x-
snap stop-action images of chemical
rays.
reactions in progress.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 20
21. 9. Hubble Reborn
an aging workhorse began snapping the best images
of its 19-year career
• In May, a seven-member crew on board
the shuttle Atlantis traveled 500 kilometers
above Earth, making five spacewalks over
11 days to carry out a set of complex and
risky maneuvers.
• Replaced the Wide Field Camera 2 with the
new (10X) Wide Field Camera 3; installed
the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to take
ultraviolet spectra; and making fixes to the
Advanced Camera for Surveys and the
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph.
• In September, NASA released the results
of the effort: spectacular images of the
Butterfly Nebula, the Omega Centauri
globular cluster, and other stellar wonders.
• In recent months, the instrument has
delivered the most detailed pictures yet of
the nearby spiral galaxy, M83, which
should help researchers learn more about
star birth in its core.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 21
22. 8. Graphene takes off
progress in materials science
• Grapheneʼs near-perfect atomic order -a
chicken wire-like lattice of carbon atoms
to flow through it at ultrafast speeds.
• In 2004, scientists discovered a simple
way to peel the single-atom-thick sheets
of carbon atoms off chunks of graphite.
• Grapheneʼs electors exhibit the
fractional quantum Hall Effect - electrons
act collectively as if they are particles
with only a fraction of the charge of an
electron.
• Scientists reported graphene films upto
a sq. cm on thin copper films (also on
silicon wafers) opening the door for
making graphene based electronic
devices such as faster transistors,
frequency multipliers for electronic
signals, molecular scales and photo-
detectors.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 22
23. 7. Gene Therapy Returns
success in treating several devastating diseases
• Gene therapy—repairing malfunctioning cells by mending their
DNA—offers an elegant solution to diseases caused by a single
flawed gene. The first human studies began in 1990 but without
any success. This year, several successful trials are reported:
• Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), a rare form of inherited
blindness that strikes in infancy. Researchers injected one eye
of LCA patients with a harmless virus carrying a gene coding for
an enzyme needed to make a light-sensing pigment. The light
sensitivity of all 12 partially blind patients improved.
• X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ADL), a brain disorder that
usually kills boys before they're teenagers. The disease involves
a flaw in a gene that makes a protein that helps maintain the
myelin sheath around nerves. A French team inserted a
corrective gene into the blood cells of two 7-year-old boys with
ADL. Two years later, the progressive brain damage has
stopped.
• Bubble boy disease: severe combined immunodeficiency
(SCID) due to a lack of an enzyme called adenosine deaminase.
Eight of 10 patients no longer need enzyme-replacement
therapy and are living normal lives, 8 years after the therapy
began.
• Gene therapy for a related disease, X-linked SCID, restored the
immune systems of 19 infants but caused leukemia in five of
them, one of whom died.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 23
24. 6. An Icy Moon Revealed
Moon can harbor water ice
• Slamming a 2-ton spent rocket stage into a
permanently dark, frigid crater called Cabeus
at 7200 kilometers per hour coaxed a few
liters of water into sight.
• The $80-million Lunar Crater Observation and
Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission returned
clear spectroscopic signatures of water vapor,
ice, and water-derived hydroxyl in the impact
plume.
• Icy stores of lunar water might hold records of
lunar impacts over billions of years.
Astronauts might drink the water, grow food
with it, or even split its molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel.
• One problem: Someone would have to figure The LCROSS spacecraft (foreground)
out how to conduct coring and mining glimpsed water thrown up when the
operations on the moon at just 40° above spent rocket (background) hit the moon
absolute zero (-419 °F) .
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 24
25. 5. Live Longer and Prosper
Rapamycin boosts longevity in mice,
the first time any drug has stretched a mammal’s life
• Rapamycin is prescribed to fight kidney
cancer or to stymie rejection of
transplanted organs.
• Feeding rapamycin to mice when they
were 600 days old (comparable to 60-
year-old people) increased the mice’s life
span by 9-14%.
• This is a puzzling result.
• It might or might not be working the
same way as the Calorie Restriction..
• Rapamycin undermines the immune
system and is not likely to be a practical
life extender.
Longevity soared as much as 14%
in rodents fed the drug rapamycin.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 25
26. 4. Mock Monopoles Spotted
“If I can’t find a reindeer, I will make one .. ”
In 1931, Paul Dirac argued for the existence of
a particle with only one pole to explain
quantization of electric charge. Monopoles are
also predicted by “grand unified theories” that
treat the electromagnetic, the weak and the
strong forces as different aspects of one thing.
The monopoles reported in September exist only in
materials such as holmium titanate and dysprosium
titanate, which are known as spin ices/glass.
Within them, the gyrating and magnetic holium or
dysprosium ions sit at the corners of four-sided
pyramids, or tetrahedra.
At low temperatures, two ions in each tetrahedron
point their north poles inward toward the
tetrahedron's center and two point their north poles
outward.
Flipping one ion then creates one imbalanced
tetrahedron with three ions pointing in and another In a spin glass, monopoles are tetrahedrons
tetrahedron with only one ion pointing in. Flip more with either one (blue ball) or three (red ball)
spins and the imbalances can shuffle about
independently, acting like monopoles. magnetic ions pointing inward.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 26
27. 3. ABA receptors
Plant’s harmone that gives it “adrenaline rush”:
abcisic acid (ABA)
• High concentrations of ABA keep seeds dormant and
help curtail water loss and inhibit root and other
vegetative growth when times are tough.
• Receptors for ABA was identified in May 2009 as
PYR/PYL/PCAR proteins (after many years of research).
• Several have obtained crystal structures of ABA bound
to its receptor or ABA and the receptor interacting with
the PP2C phosphatases that must be shut down to allow
ABA to function.
• The structures show that PYR/PYL/RCAR proteins pair
off, making a gated pocket that ABA nestles into. ABA
changes the shape of the pair of molecules so that the
gate closes and creates a binding surface for a PP2C.
• The ABA receptor filed finally has a “success”
Blue stain shows the whereabouts
of ABA receptor in a seedling.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 27
28. 2. Opening up the gamma-ray sky
discovery of gamma-ray pulsars with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Like a lighthouse blinking in the night, a
pulsar appears to flash periodically as it
spins in space, sweeping a double cone
of electromagnetic radiation across the
sky.
Fermi telescope's astounding capability
to scan the entire sky in less than 3
hours, with orders of magnitude better
sensitivity, superior angular resolution
and energy coverage, and time
coverage ranging from milliseconds to
months.
It opened a new channel of
discovery—the highly energetic gamma
ray spectrum—to find pulsars that radio
observations could not detect.
The advance is giving researchers an
improved understanding of how pulsars
Pulsar CTA 1 is one of many discoveries by the work, and helping the quest to detect
gravitational waves.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (launched by
NASA in June 2008). Pulsars are fast-spinning neutron stars
with powerful magnetic fields
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 28
29. 1. Ardipithecus ramidus
A rare 4.4-million-year-old skeleton reveals the surprising body
plan and ecology of our earliest ancestors
.
This work changes the way we think about
early human evolution, and it represents the
culmination of 15 years of highly collaborative
research.
Remarkably, 47 scientists of diverse expertise
from nine nations joined in a painstaking
analysis of the 150,000 specimens of fossilized
animals and plants.
Ardi may have moved upright on branches and on the ground,
a key step in the evolution of upright walking.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 29
30. Breakthrough of the year
.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/326/5960/1598-b
By hand or by foot? Ardi's foot (right) has Ardi (left) joined Lucy as one of the rare
an opposable toe for grasping branches fossil hominin skeletons that shape our
understanding of human evolution.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 30
31. Charles Darwin Bicentenary 1809-2009
Darwin's conclusion of The Origin:
There is grandeur in this view of life, with its
several powers, having been originally breathed
into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this
planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed
law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless
forms most beautiful and most wonderful have
been, and are being, evolved.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 31
33. Virus of the year: H1N1
Since the first reports on 21st April 2009 of human infection by a novel
influenza A (H1N1) virus, genetically related to swine influenza
viruses, the infection has spread across the world.
I have decided to raise the current level of influenza pandemic alert from Phase
4 to Phase 5 [which means that a global outbreak is imminent]. … It really is
all of humanity that is under threat during a pandemic.
— Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization, Apr.29, 2009
While the precise impact of the fall resurgence of 2009-H1N1 influenza is
impossible to predict, a plausible scenario is that the epidemic could: produce
infection of 30-50% of the U.S. population this fall and winter, ... lead to as
many as 1.8 million U.S. hospital admissions during the epidemic, ... [and]
cause between 30,000 and 90,000 deaths in the United States.
— Report to the President on U.S. Preparations for the 2009-H1N1 Influenza, President's
Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Aug. 7, 2009
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36. Barack H. Obama shows his Nobel Peace Prize Medal and
Diploma at the Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, 10
December 2009. To his left stands Thorbjørn Jagland,
Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
12/12/2009 Govinda Bhisetti Science Day 36
37. At the table of honour at the Nobel Banquet are: Nobel
Laureate in Chemistry Thomas A. Steitz, Crown Princess
Victoria and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan.
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