about school health program

1. School Health Program
Prepared by
Amaal Mohamed Ahmed El-zeftawy
Assistant .Professor of Community Health
Nursing
Faculty of Nursing
Tanta University
2018-2019

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:
1. Define school health program.
2. Summarize the components of school health program.
3. Compare between preventive and curative health services
of school health program.
4. Discuss measures of prevention of communicable diseases
between school age children.
5. Define health appraisal of school age children.
6. Recall the components of health appraisal of school age
children.
7. Role – play the role of school health nurse.
8. Explain the role of every one of school team.
9. Compare between the role of school health nurse at school
and at school health units.

3. School Health Program
School Health Program are established
at the school site to promote the health
of students through disease prevention,
early case finding, referral for
intervention and remediation of specific
health problems.

4. Definition of school health program
(SHP(
The school health program is
defined as the procedures to
protect and promote the health
of pupils and school personnel
from all aspects physical,
mental, social, and emotional

5. 1. School children form a big sector
of the population.
2. School children are vulnerable
group.
3. Good health is necessary for
successful education.
The reasons for school health program

6. 4. School years present the best
opportunity for health education .
5. Through children we can reach
parents, and to the whole community.
6. The school children may exposed to
different stress and strains imposed by
the competitive atmosphere in the
school.

7. Importance of school health program
Promotion of the child health.
Providing safe, healthful, and comfortable
environment.
Offer child health services which aims to detect,
correct and improve any health problems that may
appears.
Health education which aims to help them have
healthy life
Create sense of duty & responsibility

8. The component of school health
program

9. In the past

10. now

11. I) School living environment
School environment include the following:
A. Physical environment
B. Non-physical environment( social and
emotional environment)
A - Physical environment
Physical environment is important for the following
reasons:
Better education.
Prevention of communicable diseases.
Formation of healthful habits and health
promotion.

12. The component of physical environment
1. Site:-
2- Building: -
3. Class room
4. The furniture
5. School sanitation
Water supply:
Drinking fountains:-
Bath and douches
Refuse disposal:
Sewage disposal:
Insect control:
Food sanitation:

14. B-Non- physical environment
(social(
Good relationship between students
and teachers and parents.
Good relationship between children
themselves.
The school day and the homework are
properly arranged to prevent fatigue.
Social activities are valuable for
general welfare.

15. )II) School health services
School health services include the
following:
A. Preventive services
B. Curative services

16. A. Preventive services
1- Health appraisal
2- Health counseling
3- Prevention and control of communicable
disease
4- Early detection of non communicable disease
5- First aid (Emergency care)
6- Care of the handicapped children

17. 1-Health appraisal
• Health appraisal means the organized
activity to asses the health status of the
students from the physical, mental, social
and emotional condition.
• Health appraisal includes the following:
History
Observation
Screening
Laboratory test
Comprehensive medical
examination
Special surveys

18. • 2- Health counseling
Health counseling to
parents by health
visitors, teachers,
and physicians.

19. 3- Prevention and control of
communicable diseases
Respiratory
diseases.Diseases spread
through droplet
infections
Parasitic
diseases
Food and
milk born
infection
Skin
diseases
Eye diseases
(trachoma,
conjunctivitis
)

20. Measures for prevention communicable
diseases:-
Immunization.
Healthful school environment.
Daily observation of the students and separation of
suspected cases.
Readmission to school after sickness.
Care of contacts.
Care of absence.
Searching for the source of infection.
Food handler in schools.
Health education for communicable disease control.
Closure of school.

21. 4-Early detection and correction of
non-communicable disease
Early detection of
eye defects, speech
defects, dental
problems, deficiency
diseases …etc

22. • 5- Maintenance of safety measures to protect the
children against accidents
The analysis of the accidents happening in the school
or near to as who…?, where…?, when..?, why…?, and
what type.
Plant safety.
Traffic safety health education.
Provision of emergency services to deal with injuries
and sudden illness.

23. • 6- Care of handicapped children.
Handicapped children need medical, social, and
educational care. Most specialists prefer education
of handicapped children in the ordinary school with
other children.
Types of handicaps
Group I.
physical defects or diseases
Speech, visual, deaf, crippled children, delicate
children(rhumatic fever( RH), Epileptic, Bronchial
asthma)
Group II:
• Educational subnormal, retarded child
Group III:
• Socially maladjusted (psychologically disturbed
child)
• Emotionally disturbed

24. Some forms of handicapping
conditions in regular school:
– Heart disease: Rheumatic valvular disease
is the most important.
– Musculoskeletal deformities: mild paralytic
poliomyelitis, and healed rickets.
– Impaired vision: mainly due to errors of
refraction, and may be corneal opacity.
– Impaired hearing: neglected chronic otitis
media, ear injury by foreign body, and
occasionally ototoxic drugs and complicated
meningitis.

25. B) Curative services
A) Treatment of any diseases.
B) Referral to the school health
units or hospital

26. )III) School health educations
• Definition: A planned, sequential,
curriculum that addresses physical,
social, mental and emotional
dimensions of health.

27. • Objective of health education for children:
• promotion of health.
• Prevention of disease .
• Early diagnosis and treatment .
• Increase health consciousness in children.
• Provide student with opportunities to acquired
the knowledge, attitudes and skills to make
health promotion decisions .
• To help school children understand the meaning
of health and create health consciousness which
reflect on the health behavior.

28. -Courses of health educations:-
a- Medical inspection to prevent spread of
contagious disease.
b- Health promotion and the effects of
individual behavior on health status
including :-
• Poor eating habits.
• Physical inactivity.
• Substance use.
• Sexuality education, mental and emotional
health.
• Behaviors that result in unintentional and
intentional injuries.
c- Training children for first aid and practice of
healthy habits

29. Personnel:
• The teacher, physician, nurse, and other health
workers contribute to health education in schools
Basic principles of health teaching
1- Should be linked with every day needs and
experiences of children according to the
environmental culture and socioeconomic pattern.
2- Active participation of students and their
parents (represented by school health council).
3- Health education of school children should be a
part of a community health education.

30. )IV) Nutrition services;-
• It is the fourth component of school health program.
Importance:
Healthy eating of children and adolescents is essential
for-positive growth and development.
Intellectual development.
Prevention of nutrition related health problems.
Ex: Dental caries, obesity, eating disorders and iron
deficiency anemia.
Provide nutrition education to empower students as
consumer.
Assess and intervene when nutritional problems are
identified

31. )V) Physical activity education
Importance of physical activities education:
Physical activity promotes positive health
behaviors.
Regular physical activity decreases
premature mortality and risk of chronic
disease.
Build and maintain healthy bones, muscles
and joints for children and adolescents.
Control weight and blood pressure.
Reduce feeling of depression and anxiety.

32. )VI) Counseling and psychological,
social services
Definition: services to improve students'
mental social and emotional health.
Mental health services may be fully
integrated into the school or may be
offered by primary health care.
Services can focus on individuals, groups
or institutions.
Nurses, certified school counselors,
psychologists, and social workers provide
these services in schools.

33. (VII) Parent/ community involvement
- It is an integrated school, parent, and
community approach that enhancing
the health and well-being of students.
Schools actively solicit parent
involvement and engage community
resources and services to responds
more effectively to the health-related
needs of students

34. )VIII) Health promotion for the staff
These are activities that focused on
improving health of school staff through
assessment, health education, and health
physical activities.
Health promotion activities have
improved productivity, decreased
absenteeism, and reduced health
insurance costs.

35. The role of community health nurse
The role of community health nurse in
the school health unit
1- Administrative role
2- Supervisory role
3- Education role
4- Functional role
5-Research role

36. The role of community health nurse in
the school
• I . Health services
• Comprehensive medical examination
• Screening test
• Observation of the students
• Follow up of the students who need care
• Prevention of communicable diseases
• First aid
• Care of handicapped
• Promoting mental health

37. II. Healthful environment
• Daily round on the classroom to be
sure that there is good ventilation.
• Daily record on bath rooms.
• Write a report on the building.
• Be alert to environment deficiencies.

38. III. Health education
• Participate in the parent counseling
• Formulate the health association
• Conduct health conferences
• Assist in planning curriculum for health
instructions
• Assist in in-services education training for
teachers
• Participate in class discussion
• Help in planning, conducting health
projects.

39. School health team:
Teacher
Health educator
Administrator (principle)
Health coordinator
Physical educator
Counselor
Physician `
Dentist
School nurse
Social workers
Psychologist
Health aids

40. Role of Teacher:
 Observation of students from health
and developmental point of view
through their daily contact with them.
 Participation in health education
program.
 Participation of screening tests as
measuring weight and height or
vision testing.
 Giving special care to recommended
cases.
 Giving good example of personality
and behavior.
 Supporting mental health promotion

41. • Role of School Health Physician:
 Health appraisal, including medical
examination, and medical care of the
sick.
 First aid and emergency service.
 Participation in prevention and control
of communicable diseases.
 General inspection of the school
environment.
 Participation in health education
program.
 Supervising preparation of statistical
indices and health reports.