This document discusses the relationship between technology and jobs. It defines technology and jobs, and explores how technology has historically impacted employment through job elimination and creation. While some technologies have led to job losses, they have also created new jobs that did not previously exist. Overall, while certain occupations have declined with mechanization and automation, the economy has shifted to focus more on the growing service sector. The document concludes that technology increases productivity but also requires workers to learn new skills to stay employed as jobs transform over time.

3. CONTENTS
 Technology definition
 Meaning of Technology
 Job definition
 Meaning of Job
 The Threat of Machine-made Unemployment
 The Technological Threat in historical Perspective
 How technology creates jobs
 Indirect effects of New technology on Employment
 Technology, jobs and changing structure of the Economy
 Impact of technology on jobs
 References

4. Technology Definition
The application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human
life1
Or
Technology is science or knowledge put practical use to solve problems
or invent useful tools2
Meaning of technology
Technology is derived from Greek word tekhnologia, meaning
systematic of science of Craft.3

5. Job
A task or piece of work, especially one that is
paid.
Job Meaning
A job is the role of a person in society. More specifically, a job is an
activity, usually regular and often done in exchange for a payment 4
Or
Full form of JOB is “JONINIG OTHERS BUSINESS” 6
A job is work that someone does to earn money 5
Or

6.  Many technologies have led to the elimination of human jobs
• Technological development has led to great increase in worker
productivity
 1900- 1 hour labor = $1.00 of goods and services
 1970- 1 hour labor = $6.00 of goods and services (after adjusting
for inflation)

7. The Threat of Machine-Made
Unemployment
 Computerized typesetting – typesetters Jobs – 8000 to 3000 (1966-
1978)
 Computerized banking – 35000 transactions/day with 10% fewer
tellers
 Electronic synthesizers – studio musicians are back by a third

8. The Technological Threat in historical Perspective
 These developments are not new to our times
 18th Cent.-power loom forced many loomers out of a job
 ( Their future loomed none to bright ahead of them … heh, heh)
 Opposition to new technology came not only from workers but also
officials
 1638-Britain banned use of “engines for working tape , lace ,ribbon ,
and such wherein one man doth more amongst them than seven
English men can doe.”

9. How Technology Creates Jobs
 Some technology has produced jobs that did not exist before :
COMPUTERS
 Most occupations held today did not exist one hundred years ago
 Technological advance has created the need for new and better
technologies
 “ In 1963 one economist warned that American households were
saturated with domestic appliance, resulting in a stagnant market
for manufactured goods ; the only significant new product was the
electric can opener”

10. Indirect Effect of New Technology on Employment
 The Automobile: greatest job generator of the 20th Century
 1 out of 7 jobs in American Economy result from auto
• legions of jobs tied indirectly to auto as well (sales , insurance
mechanics)
 Few other technologies will be able to match auto in job generation
 Jet airplane , computer , television all pale in comparison
 Although these industries have not directly generated jobs , they have
had indirect impact

11. Technology, Jobs and The Changing Structure
of The Economy
 Automated industrial processes have replaced many human positions
 15% of work force will be lost as computerization spreads
 In the last 100 years, 2/ of pre -1880 jobs have been lost to
mechanization
 Manufacturing jobs have declined regularly since 1948
 BUT , new jobs have been created
 In particular , the service sector has grown considerably
 Neurosurgeons and shoeshiners
 For the first time in human history , more people are employed in the
service sector than in the manufacturing sector

12. Technology, Jobs and The Changing Structure
of the Economy
 QUESTION: If the basis of human survival requires food, clothing, and
shelter… How can the majority of the work force be employed in
occupations that contribute nothing to production ?
 ANSWER: With the rise of industrialization, it takes less human labor to
produce needed goods
 Despite the rise of technology, there is a continued and growing demand
for services
 Dept.Of Labor- the most needed jobs for the future are waiter, nurses,
cashiers etc
 Also, we are human beings and we crave physical contact
• Education-although technology has played a role, lectures and
discussions, over which a professor presides is still the desired
method for teaching
• Although a professor could lecture to 500 students and increase
“productivity” it is typically less rewarding for the student and
teacher

13.  Also, human beings still have a need to be entertained, comforted
and healed
 Technology has affected many jobs – not always adversely
• Telephone industry – operators eliminated considerably when
phone switching became automated. Yet number of jobs in
telephone job market has continued to expand because of
advanced technology and increased demand 7

14. Impact of technology and job
Technology increases productivity and hence reduces the burden
On workers and eliminates the burden of doing repetitive tasks.
For this, workers need to learn some skills to stay employed. It’s
just that the workers should be given training for the newly created
jobs.8

15. References
1. https://www.britannica.com>technology
2. https://www.yourdictionary.com>technology
3. https://www.yourdictionary.com>technology
4. https://fullform.blog>general>job
5. https://www.collinsdictionary.com>job
6. https://fullform.blog>general>job
7. https://www.scribed.com>presentation
8. https://www.groupdiscussionideas.com>job