The document discusses the scalability of Drupal, highlighting its flexibility as a CMS suitable for various applications such as blogs, e-commerce sites, and media portals. It outlines key technical aspects related to session and file storage, as well as database scaling techniques across different versions of Drupal. The presentation emphasizes that while Drupal may not be the fastest solution, it can effectively scale with proper planning and architecture.

1. Scalability in Mind
當老軟體Drupal 遇上大架構
2014-10-18 PHPConf
Jimmy Huang 黃雋

2. Drupal and me
Jimmy Major Versions
媽，我在這裡

3. Why not Drupal?

4. It’s just a CMS
for damned cat not for me
Image from: https://flic.kr/p/hv9xDs

5. Learning Curve
Image from http://www.codem0nk3y.com/2012/04/what-bugs-me-about-modx-and-why/cms-learning-curve/

6. Slower...
than my own fastest code
Image from: https://flic.kr/p/9CWhYu

7. Too may reason to say no...
Not OOP
No ORM
Made by PHP
Hard to make theme
Hard to staging, continues deploying

8. 沒有愛

9. 1. Flexibility
For Drupal Beginner

10. Drupal can be a:
● Personal blog
● Company official site
● Community forum
● Online commerce shopping mall
● Company intranet portal
● Heavy media site
● Video portal
● Mobile backend CMS

19. CMS?
Development oriented CMS
● Not (only) a framework
● config many things in UI
● Abstract in data layer
● Need 3-party modules

20. Content Type
Sample for phpconf 2014

21. Sample for phpconf 2014

22. View 1

23. View 1

24. View 2

25. View 2

26. View 3

27. View 3

28. Query Generator in clicks
same query, different layout

29. Modules will working together
hook API design

30. Modules will working together

31. module_invoke('AMAZINGMY_captcha', 'captcha',
'generate', $captcha_type_challenge);
/**
* Implementation of hook_captcha().
*/
function AMAZINGMY_captcha_captcha($op, $captcha_type='') {
switch ($op) {
case 'list':
return array('AMAZINGMY CAPTCHA');
case 'generate':
if ($captcha_type == 'AMAZINGMY CAPTCHA') {
$captcha = array();
$captcha['solution'] = 'AMAZINGMY';
$captcha['form']['captcha_response'] = array(
'#type' => 'textfield',
'#title' => t('Enter "Amazing"'),
'#required' => TRUE,
);
return $captcha;

32. horizontal
2. Scalability

33. Hosting Architecture
Image from https://groups.drupal.org/node/24412
scale out
scale out
for pure dynamic site

34. Prepare to scale
● Reverse proxy or Hardware load balance?
● Where are your Sessions?
● File storage?
● Separated read/write query?

35. Reverse Proxy
ip from - $_SERVER[‘HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR‘]
https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21bootstrap.inc/function/ip_address/7

36. Reverse Proxy
Reverse Proxy
Remote addr will get proxy IP
Real ip need forward from Proxy

37. Reverse Proxy
Example setting of Nginx
Location {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

38. Session Storage
●Plugable
●Centralized
●Fast

39. Session Storage
before 2008, Drupal 6 save session to DB
https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21bootstrap.inc/function/_drupal_bootstrap/6

40. Session Storage
after 2011, Drupal 7, have plugable Session config in core
https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21bootstrap.inc/function/drupal_bootstrap/7

41. Session Storage
after 2014, Drupal 8 include better handler from Symfony 2
Drupal 8 API: http://goo.gl/VVQ2Ua

42. Session Storage
PHP 5.4 also have better SessionHandler class
http://php.net/manual/en/class.sessionhandler.php

43. File Storage
● After upload
can other instance saw files?

44. File Storage
Drupal 6 – only 1 hook nothing to help scaling

45. File Storage
Drupal 7 – complete file handling api (hook_file_*)

46. File Storage
● After upload, send to AWS S3 or FTP?
– Yes! by hook_file_copy
● Before display, alter URL for CDN support?
– Yes! by hook_file_url_alter
● When load file, streaming by other host?
– Yes! by hook_file_load

47. File Storage
function hook_file_url_alter(&$uri) {
$cdn1 = 'http://cdn1.example.com';
$cdn2 = 'http://cdn2.example.com';
$cdn_extensions = array('css', 'js');
if($this_file_extension in $cdn_extensions){
$uri = $cdn1 . '/' . $path;
}
else{
$uri = $cdn2 . '/' . $path;
}
}

48. File Storage
Third-party module - Storage API
● Save to FTP / HTTP
● Save to Database
● Save to S3
● Save to Rackspace

49. Database Scaling
MongoDB? PostgreSQL?

50. Database Scaling
Drupal 6 - happy querying, tragedy scaling
function statistics_get($nid) {
if ($nid > 0) {
// Retrieve an array with both totalcount and
daycount.
$statistics = db_fetch_array(db_query('SELECT
totalcount, daycount, timestamp FROM {node_counter}
WHERE nid = %d', $nid));
}
return $statistics;
}

51. Database Scaling
Drupal 7 – DB abstract layer
$statistics = db_select('node_counter', 'n')
->fields('n', array(
'totalcount',
'daycount',
'timestamp'))
->condition('nid', $nid,'=')
->execute()
->fetchAssoc();
● Support another Database (not MySQL only)
● Separate R/W query easily

52. Database Scaling
random slave every time DB bootstrap
# default master (read / write query)
$databases['default']['default'] = $info_array;
# multiple slave (read only query)
$databases['default']['slave'][] = $info_array;
$databases['default']['slave'][] = $info_array;

53. Database Scaling
page specific query to slave by 1 click

54. Database Scaling

55. 3. why Scalability matter?

56. 我不胖，只是腫了一點

57. Not Fastest solution
But Available solution

58. Why a CMS designed like this?
● Pro
– Quick and easy to enter Drupal (even not Engineer)
– Can stack special requirement into Drupal
– When more function or more user, scale out
● Cons
– Not so easy (if you would like to develop with D)
– Not so flexible vs framework (because it isn’t)
– Definitely can scale if well planned, but always not

59. 沒有深深愛過
怎知好與壞？
我知道你胖，但還是愛你

60. you may interested in:
● 2.4 million page views per day in Drupal
http://sf2010.drupal.org/conference/sessions/24-million-page-views-day-6
0-m-month-one-server.html
● Auto Scale Drupal setup in AWS
http://www.slideshare.net/burgerboydaddy/scaling-drupal-horizontally-and-in-
cloud
● Drupal vs Django
http://birdhouse.org/blog/2009/11/11/drupal-or-django/
● Drupal with nodejs
https://www.drupal.org/project/nodejs
● Drupal with Docker
https://github.com/ricardoamaro/docker-drupal
● Drupal with MongoDB
https://www.drupal.org/project/mongodb

61. Thank You!
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