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SATYAGRAHA:
Social Movement & Cinema

A Presentation by
Prof. Ram P Dwivedi
Reality Vs Imaginative






Imagination is essential to communicate the
real.
Language is also a kind of imagination and so
all art forms are like this
Cinematic imagination seems very real but it
is similar to others
Cinema with Social Concern







ACHHOOT KANYA(The Untouchable Girl,
1936)
DO BIGHA JAMIN (Two Acres of Land,1953)
MOTHER INDIA(1957)
DAMUL (Directed by Prakash Jha, 1984)
LAGAAN (The Land Tax,2001)
Cinema: Art or Tool of Social Change
Art for art’s sake or art for society: An old
debate(Marxism Vs Others )
 SATYAGRAHA- Film / Movement
 This film has clear-cut impact from real
movements.
 Film Analysis:
Semiotics/Technical/Production/Marketing/Hist
orical etc.

My Points of Discussion








1-The Plot/Story of the film as a mirror image
of the happenings around the nation. If so, why
it is NOT a documentary.
2-As an ART PIECE : Story, Characterization,
Location, Cinematography etc.
3-Investment and Recovery. Audience
response
An over all evaluation: You may agree or
dissent
Understanding the Movement 1







Understanding Corruption (Give & Take)
Crime & Corruption
The Politics, Democracy & Public Protest
Jan Lokpal (Citizens’ Charter /Public
Ombudsman): Demand & Necessity
Government & its Hesitations: Reasons &
implications
Understanding the Movement 2


Scams in India

Based on Media Reports/Alternative

Sources

1 Crore=10000000

Name

Nature

Year

Amount Involved(Rs)

2G

Political

2008

176000 Crores

Commonwealth
Games

Political

2010

35000 Crores

Telgi

Financial / Judicial

1992-2002

20000 Crores

Satyam

Financial

2009

14000 Crores

Bofors

Political

1989

16 Million US$

Fodder

Political

1996

900 Crores

Hawala

Financial/ Pol

1991

19000 US $

IPL

Games

1996

18 Million US$

Harshad Mehta &
Ketan Parekh

Stock Market

1991-92 &
2001

4000+1000 Crores
Understanding the Movement 3









Anna Hazare & Arvind Kejriwal: Who are
they?
Difference of Opinion: Reason & Division
between them
Political Vs Social: NOT two different things.
Creativity, Imagination of a social movement
Social Issues in a film
Understanding The Title






SATYAGRAHA:
Meaning
(Encyclopedia
Britannica
)Satyagraha, ( Hindi: ―insistence on truth‖ or ―zeal for truth‖)
concept introduced in the early 20th century by Mahatma
Gandhi to designate a determined but nonviolent resistance to
evil. Gandhi’s satyagraha became a major tool in the Indian
struggle against British imperialism and has since been
adopted by protest groups in other countries.
According to this philosophy, satyagrahis—practitioners of
satyagraha—achieve correct insight into the real nature of an
evil situation by observing a- nonviolence of the mind, by
seeking truth in a spirit of peace and love, and by undergoing a
rigorous process of self-scrutiny. In so doing, the satyagrahi
encounters truth in the absolute. By his refusal to submit to the
wrong or to cooperate with it in any way, the satyagrahi asserts
this truth.
SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 1






The film begins with arrival of a train at
Ambika Pur (Small Town/ District) station.
Manav{Ajay
Devgn},
a
professional,
capitalistic mind rich youth gets down and
welcomed by his engineer friend who is
brought up under guidance of his idealistic
father, Dwarka Anand{Amitabh Bachchan}
Manav & Dwarka Anand (Dadu Ji) had a
discussion over dining in which Manav
defends new economy and making profit.
SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 2








Corruption makes a bridge to fall and conspiracy
makes the the honest engineer to be killed in a
road accident.(Satyendra Dubey-Bihar, 200)
Minister announces the compensation money
which was not given to the family and finally
Dwarka Anand slaps the commissioner and jailed.
Manav tries to bail out Dwarka Anand but he failed
and in despair he mobilizes the common man with
the help of Arjun Singh & his journalist friend
Yasmin Ahmad (Kareena Kapoor).
SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 3






Due to pressure from all around Dwarka
Anand is released and he comes to know that
his son was killed because of conspiracy and
NOT an accident.
He refused to take compensation money and
asks the minister and the Commissioner to
clear the pending files of the people within 30
days.
Manav is trapped and asked to leave the town
but he distributes all his belongings to his
share holders
SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 4










He returns back to the town but no one believes him any
more. He clarifies his stand and the movement again gains
momentum.
During the protest/ Dharna one person commits self
immolation (real:Dinesh Yadav of Bihar State) & dies.
Protesters want to demonstrate with his dead-body which
creates differences among the protesters but finally it was
allowed
During demonstration the minister sends his goons and it
becomes violent and firing from police kills DADU JI who
says non-violence is his last wish to be practiced.
Finally minister is sacked and put into the jail and the public
wins. An idealistic ending.
Reflections of Reality
India Against Corruption/ Black Money :
Anna Hazare/ Kejriwal/ Kiran Bedi & Baba
Ram Dev
 May Be: EGYPT & other countries movements

The Brave Heart gang rape case of
Delhi and public protest specially by Youths,
students and intellectuals.
Victory of Aam Aadmi Party (AAPCommon People’s Party) in Delhi Assembly
Elections, Dec 2014. Now they run Delhi Gov.
The Limitations









Farmers’ protest
Laborers wages and other issues
The poverty
Issues of Untouchables/ Tribes/Dalits
Issues of Women & Children in a limited manner
(The advertisement: Children Reach 5)
Developmental issues in countryside/Villages
(Road, Drinking Water, Electricity, Hospitals,
Schools etc.)
Cinema of Upper Middle Class
All movements cited above were managed by
 1-Media, particularly TV
 2-Social media or Internet, particularly by
FACEBOOK
 3-Mobile /SMS
 PARTICIPANTS:
 Youths, Students, Teachers, Advocates and
few Businessmen indirectly supported by
JOURNALISTS.

Mobile Users
Courtesy:
WIKIPEDIA

Country or
region

Rank

Number of
mobile
phones

Phones per
100 citizens

Population

Data
evaluaton
date

97

2013[2][3]

-

World

6,800,000,0 7,012,000,0
00+ 00[1]

01

China

1,227,360,0
00[4]

1,349,585,8
89.2
38[5]

December
2013[4]

02

India

904,480,000

1,220,800,3
74.96
59[6]

31 October
2013[7]

03

United
States

327,577,529

04

Brazil

268,440,423

05

Russia

256,116,000

06

Indonesia

236,800,000

07

Pakistan

130,583,076

08

Japan

121,246,700

127,628,095 95.1

June 2013[15]

09

Nigeria

114,000,000

165,200,000 69

May 2013[16]

10

Bangladesh

110,675,000

165,039,000 73.8

September
2013[17]

310,866,000[
8]

192,379,287[
10]

142,905,200[
10]

103.9

June 2013[9]

135.4

August
2013[11]

155.5

July 2013[12]

237,556,363 99.68
188,854,781[
13]

69.18

September
2013[10]
December
2013[14]
Internet Users 2012
Courtesy: WIKIPEDIA

Internet
users[2]

Rank Penetrat
ion[3]

Rank

Country or area

China

568,192,066

1

42.3%

102

United States

254,295,536

2

81.0%

28

India

151,598,994

3

12.6%

164

Japan

100,684,474

4

79.1%

33

Brazil

99,357,737

5

49.8%

86

Russia

75,926,004

6

53.3%

81

Germany

68,296,919

7

84.0%

22
Urban Centric
The movement was urban(Metro) centric BUT
 The film goes to villages and towns..
 One SCENE shows the farmers’ protest but it
is just referential.

ISRJ

1997-2008 : Total Farmers Suicides
199,132
 Arjun Sengupta Committee: 836 M people live
less than Rs. 20/day

Farmers’ Distress
Arjun Sengupta: Report
source: http://odrf.wordpress.com/2007/09/01/836-million-indians-live-on-less-than-rs-20-a-day-ibnlivecom-videos/



An overwhelming 836 million people in India live on a
per capita consumption of less than Rs 20 a day,
according to the findings of the Arjun Sengupta report
on the Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihood
in the Un-organized Sector. The report is based on
government data for the period between 1993-94 and
2004-05.
While the numbers rose by a staggering 100 million,
the numbers of the new rich has also grown by 93
million. ―Our survey is very scientific. The other poverty
estimates looked at the absolute poor only but we look
at different categories of poor,‖ Chairman, National
Commission for Enterprises in Un-organized Sector,
Arjun Sengupta said. So, who are the ones who have
actually benefitted from the boom in the economic
growth of the country?
India: The Largest Democracy
Helplessness of common people.
 Democracy Vs Cartelization of Power
 Emergence of Regional Political Parties as
Black Mailers/Power Bargainers {character of
MINISTER BALRAM Singh-Manoj Bajpai}
 A
Fractured Democracy- Caste, Region,
Religion and Language
 Need to Decide the preferences

The Film Prefers









Urban-Caste, region, religion & lingual barriers
hardly matters.
Youth- Liberal new Generation [ JANTA ROCKS]
Journalists-Deadly Professional People
Advocates & Intellectuals-They know the reality
and a strong will to change
Private Service Class- Target oriented Servants
Mahatma GANDHI- is a natural leader of masses
(Peace & Non-violence)
A commercial Film

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Off Beat/Parallel –Commercial/ Popular
The Budget ( Rs.79 Crore)
Story
Actors
Location/ Set Design
The Audience
BOX-OFFICE
Bollywood Top Grossers Movies in 2013
Bollywood
2013
Box Office
Positions

Movie

Lead Stars

Directors

India Nett
Collection
in Crores

1

Chennai
Express

Shah Rukh
Khan, Deepika
Padukone

Rohit Shetty

226.70

Yeh Jawaani
Hai Deewani

Ranbir Kapoor,
Deepika
Padukone,
Kalki Koechlin,
Aditya Roy
Kapur

Ayan Mukerji

190.03

Bhaag Milkha
Bhaag

Farhan Akhtar,
Sonam Kapoor,
Divya Dutta,
Yograj Singh,
Rebecca
Breeds

Rakeysh
Omprakash
Mehra

103.50

4

Grand Masti

Riteish
Deshmukh,
Aftab
Shivdasani,
Vivek Oberoi

Indra Kumar

102.50*

5

Race 2

Saif Ali Khan,
Deepika
Padukone,
John Abraham

Abbas Mustan

102.00

6

Aashiqui 2

Aditya Roy
Kapur,
Shraddha
Kapoor, Shaad
Randhawa

Mohit Suri

85.40

7

Special
Chabbis (26)

2

3

Akshay Kumar,
Anupam Kher, Neeraj Pandey
Kajal Aggarwal

70.00

Prakash Jha

67.85

8

Satyagraha

Amitabh
Bachchan, Ajay
Devgn, Arjun
Rampal,
Kareena
Kapoor,

9

Once Upon A
Time In
Mumbaai
Dobaara!

Akshay Kumar,
Sonakshi
Sinha, Imran
Khan

Milan Luthria

65.00

10

Raanjhanaa

Dhanush,
Sonam Kapoor,
Abhay Deol

Aanand L Rai

62.75

boxofficecapsule.net
Cine Language & Movement
Satyagraha: The Idea
Personal Distress --------Social Distress
 Loneliness among Crowd or THE CROWD IS
ALWAYS LONELY.
 Failure of the Success
 Disappointment to Struggle
 Prayer to ACTION[Raghupati Raghav
Rajaram, humko karne hai kuch kaam]
 Greed of few can destroy an entire civilization

Evaluation-1




The Director tried to balance the movie- Item
song/Classical,
Reality/Fiction,
Documentary/Feature
Film,
Message/Entertainment
Indian
Audience
like
the
spice
of
MELODRAMA,
DANCE,
SONGS
&
ENTERTAINMENT and COMEDY
Evaluation-2







Irony of life: We come across many people but
we remember only those whom we love the
most or those we hate the most
Similarly we like the film which entertains us
completely or which disturbs us completely
Unfortunately it failed on the both fronts, BUT
Whenever we’ll try understand, to know about
the social/political/economic status and
happenings of the 2nd Decade of India, this film
is an essential reference.
THANK YOU

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Satyagraha:Social Movement and Cinema

  • 1. SATYAGRAHA: Social Movement & Cinema A Presentation by Prof. Ram P Dwivedi
  • 2. Reality Vs Imaginative    Imagination is essential to communicate the real. Language is also a kind of imagination and so all art forms are like this Cinematic imagination seems very real but it is similar to others
  • 3. Cinema with Social Concern      ACHHOOT KANYA(The Untouchable Girl, 1936) DO BIGHA JAMIN (Two Acres of Land,1953) MOTHER INDIA(1957) DAMUL (Directed by Prakash Jha, 1984) LAGAAN (The Land Tax,2001)
  • 4. Cinema: Art or Tool of Social Change Art for art’s sake or art for society: An old debate(Marxism Vs Others )  SATYAGRAHA- Film / Movement  This film has clear-cut impact from real movements.  Film Analysis: Semiotics/Technical/Production/Marketing/Hist orical etc. 
  • 5. My Points of Discussion     1-The Plot/Story of the film as a mirror image of the happenings around the nation. If so, why it is NOT a documentary. 2-As an ART PIECE : Story, Characterization, Location, Cinematography etc. 3-Investment and Recovery. Audience response An over all evaluation: You may agree or dissent
  • 6. Understanding the Movement 1      Understanding Corruption (Give & Take) Crime & Corruption The Politics, Democracy & Public Protest Jan Lokpal (Citizens’ Charter /Public Ombudsman): Demand & Necessity Government & its Hesitations: Reasons & implications
  • 7. Understanding the Movement 2  Scams in India Based on Media Reports/Alternative Sources 1 Crore=10000000 Name Nature Year Amount Involved(Rs) 2G Political 2008 176000 Crores Commonwealth Games Political 2010 35000 Crores Telgi Financial / Judicial 1992-2002 20000 Crores Satyam Financial 2009 14000 Crores Bofors Political 1989 16 Million US$ Fodder Political 1996 900 Crores Hawala Financial/ Pol 1991 19000 US $ IPL Games 1996 18 Million US$ Harshad Mehta & Ketan Parekh Stock Market 1991-92 & 2001 4000+1000 Crores
  • 8. Understanding the Movement 3      Anna Hazare & Arvind Kejriwal: Who are they? Difference of Opinion: Reason & Division between them Political Vs Social: NOT two different things. Creativity, Imagination of a social movement Social Issues in a film
  • 9. Understanding The Title    SATYAGRAHA: Meaning (Encyclopedia Britannica )Satyagraha, ( Hindi: ―insistence on truth‖ or ―zeal for truth‖) concept introduced in the early 20th century by Mahatma Gandhi to designate a determined but nonviolent resistance to evil. Gandhi’s satyagraha became a major tool in the Indian struggle against British imperialism and has since been adopted by protest groups in other countries. According to this philosophy, satyagrahis—practitioners of satyagraha—achieve correct insight into the real nature of an evil situation by observing a- nonviolence of the mind, by seeking truth in a spirit of peace and love, and by undergoing a rigorous process of self-scrutiny. In so doing, the satyagrahi encounters truth in the absolute. By his refusal to submit to the wrong or to cooperate with it in any way, the satyagrahi asserts this truth.
  • 10. SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 1    The film begins with arrival of a train at Ambika Pur (Small Town/ District) station. Manav{Ajay Devgn}, a professional, capitalistic mind rich youth gets down and welcomed by his engineer friend who is brought up under guidance of his idealistic father, Dwarka Anand{Amitabh Bachchan} Manav & Dwarka Anand (Dadu Ji) had a discussion over dining in which Manav defends new economy and making profit.
  • 11. SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 2     Corruption makes a bridge to fall and conspiracy makes the the honest engineer to be killed in a road accident.(Satyendra Dubey-Bihar, 200) Minister announces the compensation money which was not given to the family and finally Dwarka Anand slaps the commissioner and jailed. Manav tries to bail out Dwarka Anand but he failed and in despair he mobilizes the common man with the help of Arjun Singh & his journalist friend Yasmin Ahmad (Kareena Kapoor).
  • 12. SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 3    Due to pressure from all around Dwarka Anand is released and he comes to know that his son was killed because of conspiracy and NOT an accident. He refused to take compensation money and asks the minister and the Commissioner to clear the pending files of the people within 30 days. Manav is trapped and asked to leave the town but he distributes all his belongings to his share holders
  • 13. SATYAGRAHA: The Plot 4      He returns back to the town but no one believes him any more. He clarifies his stand and the movement again gains momentum. During the protest/ Dharna one person commits self immolation (real:Dinesh Yadav of Bihar State) & dies. Protesters want to demonstrate with his dead-body which creates differences among the protesters but finally it was allowed During demonstration the minister sends his goons and it becomes violent and firing from police kills DADU JI who says non-violence is his last wish to be practiced. Finally minister is sacked and put into the jail and the public wins. An idealistic ending.
  • 14. Reflections of Reality India Against Corruption/ Black Money : Anna Hazare/ Kejriwal/ Kiran Bedi & Baba Ram Dev  May Be: EGYPT & other countries movements  The Brave Heart gang rape case of Delhi and public protest specially by Youths, students and intellectuals. Victory of Aam Aadmi Party (AAPCommon People’s Party) in Delhi Assembly Elections, Dec 2014. Now they run Delhi Gov.
  • 15. The Limitations       Farmers’ protest Laborers wages and other issues The poverty Issues of Untouchables/ Tribes/Dalits Issues of Women & Children in a limited manner (The advertisement: Children Reach 5) Developmental issues in countryside/Villages (Road, Drinking Water, Electricity, Hospitals, Schools etc.)
  • 16. Cinema of Upper Middle Class All movements cited above were managed by  1-Media, particularly TV  2-Social media or Internet, particularly by FACEBOOK  3-Mobile /SMS  PARTICIPANTS:  Youths, Students, Teachers, Advocates and few Businessmen indirectly supported by JOURNALISTS. 
  • 17. Mobile Users Courtesy: WIKIPEDIA Country or region Rank Number of mobile phones Phones per 100 citizens Population Data evaluaton date 97 2013[2][3] - World 6,800,000,0 7,012,000,0 00+ 00[1] 01 China 1,227,360,0 00[4] 1,349,585,8 89.2 38[5] December 2013[4] 02 India 904,480,000 1,220,800,3 74.96 59[6] 31 October 2013[7] 03 United States 327,577,529 04 Brazil 268,440,423 05 Russia 256,116,000 06 Indonesia 236,800,000 07 Pakistan 130,583,076 08 Japan 121,246,700 127,628,095 95.1 June 2013[15] 09 Nigeria 114,000,000 165,200,000 69 May 2013[16] 10 Bangladesh 110,675,000 165,039,000 73.8 September 2013[17] 310,866,000[ 8] 192,379,287[ 10] 142,905,200[ 10] 103.9 June 2013[9] 135.4 August 2013[11] 155.5 July 2013[12] 237,556,363 99.68 188,854,781[ 13] 69.18 September 2013[10] December 2013[14]
  • 18. Internet Users 2012 Courtesy: WIKIPEDIA Internet users[2] Rank Penetrat ion[3] Rank Country or area China 568,192,066 1 42.3% 102 United States 254,295,536 2 81.0% 28 India 151,598,994 3 12.6% 164 Japan 100,684,474 4 79.1% 33 Brazil 99,357,737 5 49.8% 86 Russia 75,926,004 6 53.3% 81 Germany 68,296,919 7 84.0% 22
  • 19. Urban Centric The movement was urban(Metro) centric BUT  The film goes to villages and towns..  One SCENE shows the farmers’ protest but it is just referential.  ISRJ  1997-2008 : Total Farmers Suicides 199,132  Arjun Sengupta Committee: 836 M people live less than Rs. 20/day 
  • 21. Arjun Sengupta: Report source: http://odrf.wordpress.com/2007/09/01/836-million-indians-live-on-less-than-rs-20-a-day-ibnlivecom-videos/  An overwhelming 836 million people in India live on a per capita consumption of less than Rs 20 a day, according to the findings of the Arjun Sengupta report on the Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihood in the Un-organized Sector. The report is based on government data for the period between 1993-94 and 2004-05. While the numbers rose by a staggering 100 million, the numbers of the new rich has also grown by 93 million. ―Our survey is very scientific. The other poverty estimates looked at the absolute poor only but we look at different categories of poor,‖ Chairman, National Commission for Enterprises in Un-organized Sector, Arjun Sengupta said. So, who are the ones who have actually benefitted from the boom in the economic growth of the country?
  • 22. India: The Largest Democracy Helplessness of common people.  Democracy Vs Cartelization of Power  Emergence of Regional Political Parties as Black Mailers/Power Bargainers {character of MINISTER BALRAM Singh-Manoj Bajpai}  A Fractured Democracy- Caste, Region, Religion and Language  Need to Decide the preferences 
  • 23. The Film Prefers       Urban-Caste, region, religion & lingual barriers hardly matters. Youth- Liberal new Generation [ JANTA ROCKS] Journalists-Deadly Professional People Advocates & Intellectuals-They know the reality and a strong will to change Private Service Class- Target oriented Servants Mahatma GANDHI- is a natural leader of masses (Peace & Non-violence)
  • 24. A commercial Film  1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Off Beat/Parallel –Commercial/ Popular The Budget ( Rs.79 Crore) Story Actors Location/ Set Design The Audience BOX-OFFICE
  • 25. Bollywood Top Grossers Movies in 2013 Bollywood 2013 Box Office Positions Movie Lead Stars Directors India Nett Collection in Crores 1 Chennai Express Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone Rohit Shetty 226.70 Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani Ranbir Kapoor, Deepika Padukone, Kalki Koechlin, Aditya Roy Kapur Ayan Mukerji 190.03 Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Farhan Akhtar, Sonam Kapoor, Divya Dutta, Yograj Singh, Rebecca Breeds Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra 103.50 4 Grand Masti Riteish Deshmukh, Aftab Shivdasani, Vivek Oberoi Indra Kumar 102.50* 5 Race 2 Saif Ali Khan, Deepika Padukone, John Abraham Abbas Mustan 102.00 6 Aashiqui 2 Aditya Roy Kapur, Shraddha Kapoor, Shaad Randhawa Mohit Suri 85.40 7 Special Chabbis (26) 2 3 Akshay Kumar, Anupam Kher, Neeraj Pandey Kajal Aggarwal 70.00 Prakash Jha 67.85 8 Satyagraha Amitabh Bachchan, Ajay Devgn, Arjun Rampal, Kareena Kapoor, 9 Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai Dobaara! Akshay Kumar, Sonakshi Sinha, Imran Khan Milan Luthria 65.00 10 Raanjhanaa Dhanush, Sonam Kapoor, Abhay Deol Aanand L Rai 62.75 boxofficecapsule.net
  • 26. Cine Language & Movement
  • 27. Satyagraha: The Idea Personal Distress --------Social Distress  Loneliness among Crowd or THE CROWD IS ALWAYS LONELY.  Failure of the Success  Disappointment to Struggle  Prayer to ACTION[Raghupati Raghav Rajaram, humko karne hai kuch kaam]  Greed of few can destroy an entire civilization 
  • 28. Evaluation-1   The Director tried to balance the movie- Item song/Classical, Reality/Fiction, Documentary/Feature Film, Message/Entertainment Indian Audience like the spice of MELODRAMA, DANCE, SONGS & ENTERTAINMENT and COMEDY
  • 29. Evaluation-2     Irony of life: We come across many people but we remember only those whom we love the most or those we hate the most Similarly we like the film which entertains us completely or which disturbs us completely Unfortunately it failed on the both fronts, BUT Whenever we’ll try understand, to know about the social/political/economic status and happenings of the 2nd Decade of India, this film is an essential reference.