This document discusses the challenges that fast charging electric vehicles pose for electrical grid infrastructure. As the adoption of electric vehicles increases, more fast charging stations are being installed which can overstress aging distribution transformers and require upgrades to transmission systems. Charts show the growth in fast charging stations and electric vehicles in European countries between 2010-2017. Estimates suggest that under high electric vehicle penetration rates, upgrades may be needed for 6-32% of distribution networks in different locations. The market for replacement distribution transformers is also growing in countries like Germany and France to support more electric vehicle charging.

1. Fast Charging and Grid
Infrastructure
Power Technology Research
Saqib Saeed
Principal Analyst
Transmission and Distribution Systems

2. Power Technology Research
Who We Are
Market
Sizing &
Forecasting
Competitive
Analysis
Market
Accessibility
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Base
Annual
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Growth
Forecast
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Practices
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3. Evolution of EV Chargers
Mercury
Arc
Slow
Chargers
Fast
Charging

4. DC EVSE – EU
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Units
CHAdeMO CCS Tesla SCSource: PTR, EAFO

5. Germany
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EVsperchargingposition
Number of EVs Per Charging Position
(<22 kW)
Source: PTR, EAFO
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EVsperchargingposition
Number of EV Charging Positions
(>22 kW)
Source: PTR, EAFO

6. France
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EVsperchargingposition
Number of EVs Per Charging Position
(>22 kW)
Source: PTR, EAFO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EVsperchargingposition
Number of EVs Per Charging Position
(<22 kW)
Source: PTR, EAFO

7. EVs in T&D Network
Source: PTR

8. MW or MVA?
• 4% of the distribution transformers could be overstressed – Xcel Energy US
• 240,000 EVs in the service territory will result in replacement of 17%
distribution transformers – SMUD US
• Under extreme penetration of EVs, only 6% of the distribution transformers in
Dutch network will be overstressed
• In case of 70% EV penetration in UK, 32% of its network will require
intervention.

9. EVSE Density in Europe - 2018
Source: PTR, EAFO

10. Grid Sector Investments (2019-2030)
Source: PTR, ENTSO-E

11. Distribution Transformers Market - Germany
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
MillionUSD
Distribution Transformers Market in Germany
Source: PTR

12. Distribution Transformers Market - France
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
MillionUSD
Distribution Transformers Market in France
Source: PTR

13. Grid Ancillary Services
Service Support Grid
Condition
Trigger Events Respons
e Time
Regulation Active
Power
Normal Minute-to-minute
fluctuations in load and
demand
~1 min
Spinning
Reserve
Active
Power
Contingency Unexpected loss of
generation
Seconds
to <10
min
Supplement
Reserve
Active
Power
Contingency Unexpected loss of
generation
<10 min
Replacement
Reserve
Active
Power
Contingency Unexpected loss of
generation
<30 min
Voltage
Control
Reactive
Power
Normal and
Contingency
Voltage transients Seconds

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Sunnyvale,
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Munich,
Germany
London,
UK
Tokyo,
Japan
Saqib Saeed
Principal Analyst – T&D
T. +49 (0)89 12252374
M. +49 (0)176 43408939
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saqib.saeed@powertechresearch.com Seoul,
South Korea