This document provides an introduction to a Sanskrit language course for beginners. The course aims to give students confidence in reading, pronouncing, and studying Sanskrit texts used in Vedanta teachings. It consists of practice sheets and audio recordings. The first practice sheet introduces the 16 vowels of Sanskrit and provides notes on topics like transliteration, anusvara, and visarga. The second practice sheet contains a peace invocation prayer and notes explaining the three lengths of vowel sounds in Sanskrit - short, long, and prolonged.
Hindi Grammar उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय (Upsarg evam Pratyay). All the contents related to Hindi Vyakaran is updated for academic session based on CBSE as well as State Boards.
This document discusses the concepts of Karya (effect) and Karana (cause) in Ayurveda. It defines Karya as something produced that did not previously exist, and Karana as that which is essential for the production of the Karya. There are three types of Karana: Samavayi (inherent), Asamavayi (non-inherent but essential) and Nimitta (supportive). The Satkarya vada philosophy believes the Karya already exists in the Karana in an unmanifested form. It provides arguments like "asat cannot be produced" to establish this. There are two interpretations of Satkarya vada -
Video link- https://youtube.be/VHv6JgKTsaU
1. Full description of ark(madar)/Calotropis.(both classical,mordent and research points covered).
2. ark as semi-poison.
3. Desription,preparation and indications of ark lavan and ark tail.
4. Some demonstrations using ark leaves and flowers in common disorders.
Hindi Grammar उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय (Upsarg evam Pratyay). All the contents related to Hindi Vyakaran is updated for academic session based on CBSE as well as State Boards.
This document discusses the concepts of Karya (effect) and Karana (cause) in Ayurveda. It defines Karya as something produced that did not previously exist, and Karana as that which is essential for the production of the Karya. There are three types of Karana: Samavayi (inherent), Asamavayi (non-inherent but essential) and Nimitta (supportive). The Satkarya vada philosophy believes the Karya already exists in the Karana in an unmanifested form. It provides arguments like "asat cannot be produced" to establish this. There are two interpretations of Satkarya vada -
Video link- https://youtube.be/VHv6JgKTsaU
1. Full description of ark(madar)/Calotropis.(both classical,mordent and research points covered).
2. ark as semi-poison.
3. Desription,preparation and indications of ark lavan and ark tail.
4. Some demonstrations using ark leaves and flowers in common disorders.
Bhavana is an important Samskara mentioned in classics by which even a small dose of a drug may be made to produce a very high result i.e. to increase its potency.
Bhavana is a triturition method and also a technique used to reduce particle size
Kala refers to time or period in Ayurveda. It is considered one of the nine Karana Dravyas or causative factors. Kala is described as eternal, all-pervading and responsible for past, present and future applications. It is responsible for changes in creation, maturation of tissues, and directing living beings towards life and death. Kala is divided into various units from nimesha to samvatsara and governs all physiological and pathological processes according to these time periods. Understanding Kala and its impact on drug shelf life, treatment protocols, disease management and progression is essential for Ayurvedic physicians.
This document discusses masi kalpana, a process for preparing carbonized medicinal drugs for external use. Masi kalpana preparations have two main preparation methods - closed and open. The closed method involves finely powdering the drug, placing it in a container, sealing it, and subjecting it to heat treatment. The open method involves roasting the powdered drug in an open pan with stirring until it turns black. Examples provided are triphala masi for treating wounds and hastidanta masi for conditions like khalitya. Masi kalpana has an infinite shelf life if stored properly in airtight containers.
Dik (direction) is considered the ninth Karana Dravya (causative substance) in Ayurveda. It is eternal and exists everywhere. Direction determines concepts like far and near. There are 10 main directions based on position relative to the sun. Direction is important in Ayurveda, influencing factors like wind effects, drug collection and efficacy, ritual positioning, and disease pathogenesis. Various Ayurvedic procedures incorporate directional orientation. Direction plays a key role in many aspects of theoretical and applied Ayurveda.
Aushadha sewan marga ( routes of drug administrationnehajambla
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration according to Ayurveda and modern medicine. It outlines 10 main routes in Ayurveda - basti, nasya, dhumpaan, gandoosh, kawal, pratisarana, aalep, shir abhayanga, shirovasti, and rakht nirharana. It also discusses 7 types of netra marga (eye treatments). For modern medicine, it lists the main parenteral and other routes including oral, sublingual, rectal, pulmonary, nasal, cutaneous, ocular, and vaginal. The document emphasizes that physicians must be aware of all routes to properly administer drugs based
Download PPT file from Youtube Description:
https://youtu.be/JISq2zMW0oQ
definitions are in hindi but examples are in sanskrit.
Loves Programming also, Check Out at
https://btechcse762.blogspot.com/
SOME DATA ARE TAKEN FROM INTERNET E.G. DEFINITION,EXAMPLES ETC.
This is for education purpose only..
This document summarizes the Buddhist philosophy of Kshana Bhangura Vada, which holds that all worldly substances are destroyed in a moment and cannot exist for more than a fraction of a second. It asserts that everything in the universe is momentary, undergoing continuous production, existence, and destruction. Acharya Charaka accepted this view and based his theory of Swabhavoparama Vada on it, stating that bodies and their components are destroyed and renewed constantly through natural processes of wear and tear, without permanent entities.
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
1. Puta refers to specific heating systems described in Ayurveda for processing metals and minerals.
2. Different types of Puta are defined based on the amount of fuel used, like Mahaputa and Gajaputa, or based on size, like Kukkutaputa and Varahaputa.
3. Each Puta has defined dimensions and is used to attain different temperatures, durations, and intensities of heat suitable for processing different materials like metals.
This document discusses the concept of Paradi Gunas or essential qualities described in Charaka Samhita for achieving success in treatment. The 10 Paradi Gunas are listed as superiority, planning, numbers, combination, separation, distinguishing factors, measuring, processing, and practice. Each quality is explained in detail providing examples. The Paradi Gunas play an important role in diagnosis, treatment planning, medicine preparation, and ensuring success of treatment according to Ayurvedic principles. Understanding and applying these qualities properly is essential for effective healthcare according to Charaka.
The document discusses the Asatkaryavada theory of causation. Asatkaryavada, also known as Arambhavada, holds that the effect (karya) does not pre-exist in the cause (karana) but rather comes into being as a new creation. It is accepted by the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools of Hindu philosophy. The document provides examples from Ayurveda relating to lifespan, the body, disease pathogenesis, and treatment to illustrate how Asatkaryavada is applicable in understanding various Ayurvedic concepts. It concludes that Satkaryavada and Asatkaryavada are not contradictory but rather complementary depending on whether the material or instrumental cause is
This document discusses the concept of Abhava or non-existence according to various schools of Indian philosophy including Nyaya and Vaisheshika. It defines Abhava as that which depends on its opponent for knowledge and whose existence is negation. There are several types of Abhava including Sansargabhava (temporary non-existence), Pragabhava (non-existence prior to production), Pradhvansabhava (non-existence after destruction), Atyantabhava (absolute and eternal non-existence of one thing in another), and Anyonyabhava (mutual exclusion between two different things). Ayurveda also recognizes Abhava in terms of the absence of disease
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Bhavana is an important Samskara mentioned in classics by which even a small dose of a drug may be made to produce a very high result i.e. to increase its potency.
Bhavana is a triturition method and also a technique used to reduce particle size
Kala refers to time or period in Ayurveda. It is considered one of the nine Karana Dravyas or causative factors. Kala is described as eternal, all-pervading and responsible for past, present and future applications. It is responsible for changes in creation, maturation of tissues, and directing living beings towards life and death. Kala is divided into various units from nimesha to samvatsara and governs all physiological and pathological processes according to these time periods. Understanding Kala and its impact on drug shelf life, treatment protocols, disease management and progression is essential for Ayurvedic physicians.
This document discusses masi kalpana, a process for preparing carbonized medicinal drugs for external use. Masi kalpana preparations have two main preparation methods - closed and open. The closed method involves finely powdering the drug, placing it in a container, sealing it, and subjecting it to heat treatment. The open method involves roasting the powdered drug in an open pan with stirring until it turns black. Examples provided are triphala masi for treating wounds and hastidanta masi for conditions like khalitya. Masi kalpana has an infinite shelf life if stored properly in airtight containers.
Dik (direction) is considered the ninth Karana Dravya (causative substance) in Ayurveda. It is eternal and exists everywhere. Direction determines concepts like far and near. There are 10 main directions based on position relative to the sun. Direction is important in Ayurveda, influencing factors like wind effects, drug collection and efficacy, ritual positioning, and disease pathogenesis. Various Ayurvedic procedures incorporate directional orientation. Direction plays a key role in many aspects of theoretical and applied Ayurveda.
Aushadha sewan marga ( routes of drug administrationnehajambla
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration according to Ayurveda and modern medicine. It outlines 10 main routes in Ayurveda - basti, nasya, dhumpaan, gandoosh, kawal, pratisarana, aalep, shir abhayanga, shirovasti, and rakht nirharana. It also discusses 7 types of netra marga (eye treatments). For modern medicine, it lists the main parenteral and other routes including oral, sublingual, rectal, pulmonary, nasal, cutaneous, ocular, and vaginal. The document emphasizes that physicians must be aware of all routes to properly administer drugs based
Download PPT file from Youtube Description:
https://youtu.be/JISq2zMW0oQ
definitions are in hindi but examples are in sanskrit.
Loves Programming also, Check Out at
https://btechcse762.blogspot.com/
SOME DATA ARE TAKEN FROM INTERNET E.G. DEFINITION,EXAMPLES ETC.
This is for education purpose only..
This document summarizes the Buddhist philosophy of Kshana Bhangura Vada, which holds that all worldly substances are destroyed in a moment and cannot exist for more than a fraction of a second. It asserts that everything in the universe is momentary, undergoing continuous production, existence, and destruction. Acharya Charaka accepted this view and based his theory of Swabhavoparama Vada on it, stating that bodies and their components are destroyed and renewed constantly through natural processes of wear and tear, without permanent entities.
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
1. Puta refers to specific heating systems described in Ayurveda for processing metals and minerals.
2. Different types of Puta are defined based on the amount of fuel used, like Mahaputa and Gajaputa, or based on size, like Kukkutaputa and Varahaputa.
3. Each Puta has defined dimensions and is used to attain different temperatures, durations, and intensities of heat suitable for processing different materials like metals.
This document discusses the concept of Paradi Gunas or essential qualities described in Charaka Samhita for achieving success in treatment. The 10 Paradi Gunas are listed as superiority, planning, numbers, combination, separation, distinguishing factors, measuring, processing, and practice. Each quality is explained in detail providing examples. The Paradi Gunas play an important role in diagnosis, treatment planning, medicine preparation, and ensuring success of treatment according to Ayurvedic principles. Understanding and applying these qualities properly is essential for effective healthcare according to Charaka.
The document discusses the Asatkaryavada theory of causation. Asatkaryavada, also known as Arambhavada, holds that the effect (karya) does not pre-exist in the cause (karana) but rather comes into being as a new creation. It is accepted by the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools of Hindu philosophy. The document provides examples from Ayurveda relating to lifespan, the body, disease pathogenesis, and treatment to illustrate how Asatkaryavada is applicable in understanding various Ayurvedic concepts. It concludes that Satkaryavada and Asatkaryavada are not contradictory but rather complementary depending on whether the material or instrumental cause is
This document discusses the concept of Abhava or non-existence according to various schools of Indian philosophy including Nyaya and Vaisheshika. It defines Abhava as that which depends on its opponent for knowledge and whose existence is negation. There are several types of Abhava including Sansargabhava (temporary non-existence), Pragabhava (non-existence prior to production), Pradhvansabhava (non-existence after destruction), Atyantabhava (absolute and eternal non-existence of one thing in another), and Anyonyabhava (mutual exclusion between two different things). Ayurveda also recognizes Abhava in terms of the absence of disease
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
1.
SANSKRIT
A
SIMPLE
APPROACH
FOR
BEGINNERS
USING
ŚĀSTRAM
FOR
VEDĀNTA
STUDENTS
2. INTRODUCTION
TO
THE
COURSE
This
course
is
designed
to
give
a
simple
start
to
those
who
are
new
to
the
Saṃskṛta
language,
or
who
wish
to
revise
some
study
already
done.
The
course
consists
of
2
parts:
1.
Practice
sheets
2.
Recordings
It
aims
to
give
students
the
confidence
to
read,
sound
and
study
the
language
of
the
śāstram.
It
will
assist
a
beginner
in
the
basics
of
grammar,
which
may
inspire
future
study.
PART
1
-‐
READING
AND
WRITING
AUDIO
3. PART
1
SHEET
1
16
Svr|: svarāḥ
-‐
vowels.
aa
a|ā £
i Œī
Ñu
ªū
Aṛ °ṝ
‚ḷ
l¿ḹ ée éeai
a|eo
a|Eau
a"aṁ
a:
aḥ
(anusvāra)
(visarga)
4. PART
1
SHEET
1
–
NOTES
s"Skºtm-‐
saṁskṛtam
is
a
most
refined
and
systematic
language
and
today
remains
almost
identical
to
how
it
was
in
Vedic
times.
Vowels
There
are
16
Svr|:
-‐
svarāḥ
or
vowel
sounds.
Each
vowel
can
be
sounded
by
itself,
but
the
consonants
depend
upon
the
vowel
to
be
sounded.
Devanāgarī
Text
The
name
given
to
the
Sanskrit
script
is
devn|grI devanāgarī.
Transliteration
Transliteration
is
a
system
for
representing
Sanskrit
text
in
Roman
characters.
Anusvāra
anuSv|r
-‐
Anusvāra
is
the
nasal
sound,
which
is
marked
by
a
dot
above
the
line
of
a
syllable.
The
dot
at
the
end
of
a
word
is
sounded
as
a
halanta
‘m’
at
this
stage.
Visarga
ivsgR
-‐
Visarga
is
the
name
given
to
the
two
dots
after
a
syllable.
This
is
represented
by
the
letter
ḥ
in
transliteration.
The
Visarga
indicates
a
slight
aspiration
of
breath.
5.
PART
1
SHEET
2
Śāntipāṭhaḥ
-‐
Peace
Invocation
Om
asato
mā
sad
gamaya
tamaso
mā
jyotir
gamaya
mṛtyor
mā’mṛtaṁ
gamaya
Om
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
Om
pūrṇamadaḥ
pūrṇamidaṁ
pūrṇāt
pūrṇamudacyate
pūrṇasya
pūrṇamādāya
pūrṇamevāvaśiṣyate
Om
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
AUDIO
6.
PART
1
SHEET
2
–
NOTES
A
Key
to
the
Measures
The
vowel
or
Svr:
-‐
svara
-‐
is
sounded
with
3
different
measures
of
time.
The
Short
Vowel
-‐
˙Sv: Svr:
-‐
hrasvaḥ
svaraḥ
-‐
is
a
measure
of
one
unit
of
time.
The
Long
Vowel
-‐
dI`R: Svr:
-‐
dīrghaḥ
svaraḥ
-‐
is
a
measure
of
two
units
of
time.
The
Prolonged
Vowel
-‐
Plut: Svr:
-‐
plutaḥ
svaraḥ
-‐
is
a
measure
of
more
than
two
units
of
time.
This
length
is
most
commonly
used
when
using
the
vocative
case
and
when
you
need
the
prolonged
sound
to
be
represented
by
a
shape
it
is
written
like
the
number
three
-‐
3
after
the
vowel
it
represents.
Sounding
Sanskrit
It
is
important
to
sound
the
letter
A
as
purely
as
possible.
The
A
in
the
word
Amen,
is
a
good
example
as
with
this
A
the
throat
is
fully
open.
Measure
It
is
also
important
to
sound
the
accurate
length
or
measure
for
the
vowels
as
the
length
of
the
vowel
you
sound
will
have
an
effect
upon
the
meaning
of
the
word.
8.
PART
1
SHEET
4
& Om
……………………………............
a a
……………………………………………
a|
ā
…...………….………………..……
£
i
.............................................. Œ ī
...........................................
Ñ u
……………………………………………
ª ū
…........….…..…………….………
A ṛ
….…………………………................
° ṝ
………………………..………….……
‚ ḷ .…………………….……………………
l¿ ḹ .….………………….…………….…
é e
……..…………………..………………
ée
ai
…..……………………..…….……
a|e
o
……..…………………………………….
a|E
au …........…………………….….….
a" aṃ
...…………………………..………...
a:
aḥ …......…………....................
9. PART
1
SHEET
5
SANSKRIT
HAS
FIVE
DIFFERENT
POINTS
OF
ARTICULATION
The
vowels
and
consonants
are
sounded
from
five
points
of
articulation
(seen
above).
A
point
of
articulation
is
a
position
in
the
mouth
where
sound
is
produced.
The
consonants,
which
are
called
sparśa-‐s
(meaning
‘touch’),
have
a
point
of
contact
between
the
tongue
and
mouth.
The
gutturals
are
sounded
from
the
throat.
a a
The
palatals
are
sounded
from
the
palate.
£
i
The
cerebrals
are
at
the
roof
of
the
mouth.
A
ṛ
The
dentals
are
sounded
just
behind
the
teeth.
‚ ḷ
The
labials
are
sounded
with
the
contact
at
the
lips.
Ñ u
AUDIO
10.
PART
1
SHEET
6
PRONUNCIATION
OF
THE
CONSONANTS
Gutteral
-‐
throat
ka
kha
ga
gha
ṅa
k_Q:
-‐
kaṇṭhaḥ
Palatal
-‐
palate
ca
cha
ja
jha
ña
t|lu
-‐
tālu
Cerebral
-‐
roof
ṭa
ṭha
ḍa
ḍha
ṇa
mU=|R
-‐
mūrdhā
Dental
-‐
teeth
ta
tha
da
dha
na
dNt|:
-‐
dantāḥ
Labial
-‐
lips
pa
pha
ba
bha
ma
a|eXQ|E
-‐
oṣṭhau
I
I
I
aspirated
aspirated
nasal
11. Gutterals a a kka ,kha g ga `gha $ ṅa h ha (Throat)
Palatals £i cca ¡cha jja ! jha {| ña y ya z śa (Palate)
Cerebrals Aṛ qṭa Q ṭha w ḍa Wḍha -ṇa rra X| șa (Roof )
Dentals ‚ḷ t ta @|tha dda =dha nna lla ssa (Teeth)
Labials Ñu ppa fpha bba #bha mma vva (Lips)
I I I I I
PART 1 SHEET 7 aspirated aspirated nasal semi-vowels sibilants
AUDIO
AUDIO
12.
PART
1
SHEET
7-‐12
NOTES
Sheet
5
–
Each
mouth
position
has
various
letters,
all
said
to
be
of
the
same
v-R:
-‐
varṇa,
family.
The
nasal
of
the
palatal
v-R:
varṇa
has
a
transliteration
curve
above
the
n
which
looks
like
this
ñ.
Sheet
7
-‐
A
syllable
or
letter
is
called
aárm
-‐
akṣaram.
All
syllables
have
a
vowel
and
one
or
more
consonants.
The
word
aárm
–
akṣaram
means
indestructible.
An
aspirated
aárm
akṣaram
-‐
is
a
syllable
which
has
more
breath
than
an
un-‐aspirated
aárm
akṣaram.
A
nasal
aárm
akṣaram
is
a
syllable
sounded
through
the
nose.
aár|i-–
akṣarāṇi
means
alphabet.
A
vowel
is
called
a
Svr:
-‐
svaraḥ.
A
consonant
is
a
Vy{jn
-‐
vyañjana.
A
semi-‐vowel
is
aNt:S'
-‐
antaḥstha.
A
sibilant
is
ªXm|n
-‐
ūṣmāna.
An
un-‐aspirated
consonant
is
called
aLpp/|-
-‐
alpaprāṇa.
An
aspirated
consonant
is
called
mh|p/|-
-‐
mahāprāṇa.
SHEETS
8/9/10
Writing
the
consonants:
as
a
start,
and
to
help
simplify
the
writing
of
the
consonants,
try
writing
the
line
at
the
top
first,
followed
by
the
downward
strokes,
then
the
curved
shapes.
hlNt
-‐
halanta.
The
word
halanta
refers
to
a
word
ending
in
a
consonant
instead
of
a
vowel.
It
is
a
grammatical
expression.
(Hal
–
is
an
abbreviated
way
of
representing
all
the
consonants,
and
anta
–
means
end.
)
It
is
represented
by
an
oblique
line
just
after
and
below
the
Saṃskṛta
consonant
it
represents.
13. PART
1
SHEET
8
Gutterals
k
ka
……………………
,kha
…………………
g
ga
…..…………….
`
gha
....................
$ṅa
.......................
h
ha
………….……...
Palatals
c
ca
…..…...…….......
¡
cha
…...................
j
ja
.………………..
!
jha
.………….…
{|
ña
.………………
y
ya
……..……
z
śa
…….………
Reading
and
writing
practice
,
kha
….……..…
g
ga
…......……
,
g:…..................
khagaḥ
..........
bird
c
ca
………...….............................
c
............................
ca
.................
and
g
ga
…………...…
j
ja
…........……
gj:…...................
gajaḥ
.............
elephant
é
e……..……...…
k
ka
….......……ék
….....................
eka
................
one
AUDIO
14. PART
1
SHEET
9
Cerebrals
q
ṭa
……...…………………Q
ṭha
…….....……….w
ḍa
....……………….
W
ḍha
….…………..-
ṇa
.………...……rra
……......….…X|șa
.......………….
Dentals
t ta
…..………….……@|tha
..………………d
da
…..……………....
=
dha.……………n
na….…………l
la…………….
s
sa……..…………
Reading
and
writing
practice
n
....……………………………………..…
n
….......................
na
...................
not
t
ta
…………....
t
ta
.................
tt:.....................
tataḥ
...............
therefore
g
ga
………...…
t
ta
….........……
gt:….................
gataḥ
...............gone
a|
ā
…..…….…
h
ha
…......….…
a|h…..................
āha
..................said
AUDIO
15. PART
1
SHEET
10
Labials
p
pa......……………f
pha….…..………
b
ba…........…………
#
bha…...…….……m
ma…………....…
v
va...................
Reading
and
writing
practice
£
i
……….........v
va
…..............
£v
...........................
iva
..........................
like
é
e
………...……v
va...........……
év
…....................
eva
.....................
indeed
v|
vā
......…...…d
da….......……v|d:…...................
vādaḥ
.................
speaking
aa
………….....
is
si
...........
ais
........................
asi
.......................
am
AUDIO
16. PART
1
SHEET
11
Practise
writing
simple
Saṁskṛta
words,
then
their
transliteration.
As
you
write,
please
remember
the
meaning
of
the
word.
nm:
…..…………………..….…
namaḥ
.…...…….………………......
a
salutation
st
………………….……........
sat
….......…….....…………………....
existence
y'|
……..……………..…….....
yathā
……..…..........……………..….
just
as
t'|
………………….…....…....
tathā
………..........……………….....
so
=nm
………………….………...
dhanam
………...........………………
riches/wealth
k|r-m
…………….………......
kāraṇam
…….....……………..........
cause
£dm
……………….……….......
idam
…….....……….………............
this
AUDIO
17. PART
1
SHEET
12
Practise
writing
simple
Saṃskṛta
words,
then
their
transliteration.
As
you
write,
please
remember
the
meaning
of
the
word.
#ym
…..……...……...…….....
bhayam
…….........................…..…fear
a#ym
…………………...……..
abhayam........………..........…………fearlessness
k|m:
….………….............……
kāmaḥ
….……......………...............
pleasure
prm
..................................
param
.......................................highest
jp:
.…………...........…….…...
japaḥ
..….…….....................
mental
repetition
flm
.……….............….…....
phalam...…..……...........…...........fruit
Ñprm:
…………………………...
uparamaḥ
................….…...
withdrawal
18. PART
1
SHEET
13
CONSONANTS
HAVE
TWO
PARTS
The
shapes
of
the
vowels
change
when
they
are
written
within
a
word.
k
k
+
a
a
=
k
ka
k
k
+
a|
ā
=
k|
kā
k
k
+
£
i
=
ik
ki
k
k
+
£R
ī
=
kI
kī
k
k
+
Ñ
u
=
ku
ku
k
k
+
ª
ū
=
kU
kū
k
k
+
A
ŗ
=
;
kŗ
k
k
+
° ṝ
=
k¿
kṝ
k
k
+
‚ ḷ =
the ‚ is written underneath the k kḷ
k
k
+ l¿ ḹ =
the l¿ is written underneath the k kḹ
k
k
+ é e
=
ke
ke k
k
+ ée ai
=
kE
kai
k
k
+ a|e o
=
k|e
ko
k
k
+ a|E au
=
k|E
kau
AUDIO
19. PART
1
SHEET
14
deeh:
.............………...............…
dehaḥ
..........…..……....………............
body
jIv:
............………............….
jīvaḥ
.................….....………..........
individual
y|eg:
.........………...............….
yogaḥ
............…..……....………..............
union
ved:
.........………................….
vedaḥ
...........…………....
body
of
knowledge
ivc|r:
.......………..............….
vicāraḥ
...........…..…........……...........
enquiry
m|eh:
.........………..................
mohaḥ
............…..……...…….............
delusion
ivvek:
.........………............….
vivekaḥ
.....…..…….......…….....
discrimination
pu®x:
........……….............…..
puruṣaḥ
.............…..…….......…...........
person
AUDIO
20. PART
1
SHEET
15
Vowels
that
come
first
in
a
word
or
pada
remain
unchanged:
Ñp|snm
.…………............….
upāsanam
...…..……....……..........
meditation
ahm
....……….............….....
aham
............…..……....……….................
I
£Rz:
.....………................…... Īśaḥ
............…..……....………..........The
Lord
a|exi=:
....………............…...
oṣadhiḥ
.......…..……....……….........
herb/plant
AGved:….…...............…........ṛgvedaḥ..........…..……....………..........
Ṛg
Veda
Ñpi-xd
.....…........…..........
upaniṣad
.........……...………...........
Upaniṣad
a|k|z:
.....……….................
ākāśaḥ
..........…..……....………...............
space
21. PART
1
SHEET
16
CONJUNCT
CONSONANTS
In
Saṁskṛta
we
can
have
consonants
that
appear
without
a
vowel.
That
halanta
consonant
can
be
combined
with
another
consonant
and
will
depend
upon
the
vowel
of
that
other
consonant
to
be
sounded.
s s
+
v
va
=
Sv
sva
Sv|im
…..…………………...…...
svāmi
………………………...………....…….
Swami
z ś
+
v
va
=
Zv
śva
ŒZvr:
.………….............….…
īśvaraḥ
...…..……....……….......................
Lord
k
k +
A
ṛ = ;
kṛ x ṣ
+
-
ṇa = X-
ṣṇa
;X-
……………………………………
kṛṣṇa
………..……..................………
Lord
Krishna
b b
+
r
ra
=
b/
bra
h
h
+
m
ma
=
ì
ma
b/ì
…………………..……………..….
brahma
…………………….…………..
universal
reality
AUDIO
22. PART
1
SHEET
17
t t
+
m
ma
=
Tm
tma
a|Tm|
.………...….............…….
ātmā
.......…..……....………..............
self
d d
+
y
ya
=
ƒ
dya
ivƒ
……………………...….…….
vidya
……..………………………………...
knowledge
In
some
conjunct
consonants
the
shape
of
the
letters
change:
}|
tra
D
jṅa
á
kṣa
etc
Here
are
some
examples
showing
their
construction:
t t
+
r
ra
=
}|tra
now
putting
a
s s
+
}|
tra
=
S}|
stra
z|S}|m
…...………………………..
sāstram
……..…………………….........
scripture
j j
+
[
ña
=
D
jña
D|nm
.………….............….…
jñānam
...…..……....………............
knowledge
k k
+
x
ṣa
=
á
kṣa
aárm
…………...........…….…
akṣaram
...…..…….……..............
indestructible
23.
PART
1
SHEET
18
Halanta
r before
a
consonant
appears
as
a
small
half
circle
on
top
of
the
next
vowel
sound:
pu®x|@|R:
........……….....…..
puruṣārthaḥ
.............……….......………
human
goal
1
a@|R:
....……….............…......
arthaḥ
........……....………...................
security
2
k|m:
.....……….............…...
kāmaḥ
............…..……....………...........
pleasure
3
=mR:
....……….............…...
dharmaḥ
......…..……....……..............
lawful
duty
4
m|eá:
...……….............…...
mokṣaḥ
......…..……..………..................
liberation
[
k
k
+
x
ṣa
=
á
kṣa
]
Write
the
four
human
goals
or
puruṣārtha-‐s
in
Saṃskṛta
below:
1
arthaḥ
-‐
security......................................................................
2
kāmaḥ
-‐
pleasure....................................................................
3
dharmaḥ
-‐
duty.......................................................................
4
mokṣaḥ
-‐
liberation................................................................
AUDIO
24.
PART
1
SHEET
19
Kaṭha
Upaniṣad
Invocation
& sh n|vvtu « sh n|E #unÇu «
sh vIyR" krv|vhE «
tejiSvn|v=ItmStu m| ivièx|vhE »
& z|iNt: z|iNt: z|iNt: »
Om
saha
nāvavatu
saha
nau
bhunaktu
saha
vīryaṁ
karavāvahai
tejasvi
nāvadhītam
astu
mā
vidviṣāvahai
Om
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
śāntiḥ
May
He
protect
us
both
together
(through
the
vision
of
advaita).
May
He
nourish
us
both
together
(by
giving
us
the
circumstances
In
which
the
vision
can
flourish).
May
we
have
strength
together
(to
face
what’s
presented
with
poise).
May
I
have
that
glow
(of
inner
composure).
May
I
understand
well
(the
Upanishadic
vision).
May
there
be
no
communication
gap
(between
myself
and
my
teacher).
May
peace
and
peace
and
peace
be
everywhere.
AUDIO
25.
PART
1
SHEET
20
Kaṭha
Upaniṣad
Invocation
-‐
Worksheet
sh ....……….…………….....…..
saha....................………...….
together
n|E …………….…………..…………..
nau
..…..…………..…................
us
both
avtu
………………………………….
avatu
…….……..............……
may
protect
May
He
protect
us
both
sh ....……….…………….....…..
saha
........................…………….
together
n|E …………….…………..…………..
nau
……..….....……..….............
us
both
#unÇu
……………………………….
bhunaktu
…….….......………...........
nourish
May
He
nourish
us
both
sh ....……….…………….....…..
saha
.........................…………….together
vIyRm
………………………………
vīryam
…….........……...……...........
strength
krv|vhE
……….……………...…
karavāvahai
……..……...…......
may
we
have
May
we
have
strength
together
AUDIO
26. PART
1
SHEET
21
tejiSvn|
...……….…………….....
tejasvinā
................………….
brightness
av=Itm
……………....……………
adhītam
……......………understood
well
aStu
…………………………..........…
astu
……..................…....………
let
it
be
May
I
have
that
glow,
and
understand
well
M||
.........................….....……......
mā
………..................................
never
ivièx|vhE
…………….....……
vidviśāvahai
……........
may
there
be
hatred
May
we
have
no
communication
gap
between
us
Now
make
your
own
translation
of
this
invocation:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
28. t + k = Tk tka
t + t = . tta
t + † = T† tta
t + n = Tn tna
t + p = Tp tpa
t + m = Tm tma
t + y = Ty tya
t + r = ] tra
t + v = Tv tva
t + s = Ts tsa
d + g = % dga
d + d = fl dda
d + ∂ = fi ddha
d + b = ‡ dba
d + ∫ = * dbha
d + m = µ dma
d + y = ƒ dya
d + v = √ dva
n + t = Nt nta
n + d = Nd nda
n + ∂ = N∂ ndha
n + n = Nn nna
n + m = Nm nma
n + y = Ny nya
n + v = Nv nva
p + t = Pt pta
p + n = Pn pna
p + m = Pm pma
p + y = Py pya
p + r = p/ pra
p + l = Pl pla
b + b = Bj bja
b + ∂ = B∂ bdha
b + y = By bya
b + r = b/ bra
∫ + y = ıt bhya
∫ + r = ∫/ bhra
∫ + v = ıv bhva
m + p = Mp mpa
m + b = Mb mba
m + ∫ = M∫ mbha
m + y = My mya
m + r = m/ mra
h + A = H hà
Common consonant combinations/2
Consonant + vowel
29. h + n = Ó hna
h + m = ˜ hma
h + y = Á hya
h + r = ˙ hra
h + v = ◊ hva
r + k = kR rka
r + g = gR rka
r + c = cR rca
r + j = jR rja
r + t = tR rta
r + d = dR rda
r + m = mR rma
r + y = yR rya
l + p = Lp lpa
l + y = Ly lya
v + y = Vy vya
v + r = v/ vra
z + c= Zc or Û éca
z + r= Zc or Í éra
z + v= Zv or Ω éva
z + y= Zyor Û éya
z + m= Zmor Û éma
w + k = Wk êka
w + q = ∑ êŒa
w + ~ = W~ êÃa
w + p = Wp êpa
w + y = Wy êya
s + t = St sta
s + † = S† stha
s + n = Sn sna
s + π = Sπ spha
s + m = Sm sma
s + y = Sy sya
s + r = ß sra
s + v = Sv sva
k+t+y = KTy ktya
k+t+v = KTv ktva
or Ù
@+˚+y = £¥ åkhya
t+n+y = TNy tnya
t+r+y = }y trya
t+s+y = TSy tsya
t+r+y = }y trya
d+v+y = ô dvya
n+d+r = Nd/ ndra
n+∂+r = N∂/ ndhra
w+q+v = Ç êŒva
Common consonant combinations/3
Multiple consonant combinations
30.
PART
1
SHEET
25
READING
PRACTICE
-‐
VOCABULARY
SHEETS
a#ym abhayam
-‐
fearless
a|h
āha
-‐
said
a|k|z: ākāśaḥ
-‐
space
aárm akṣaram
-‐
indestructible
a@|R: arthaḥ
-‐
security
aiSt asti
-‐
is
a|Tm| ātmā
-‐
self
ahm aham
-‐
I
#ym bhayam
-‐
fear
b/ì brahma
-‐
universal
reality
c ca
-‐
and
deeh: dehaḥ
-‐
body
=nm dhanam
-‐
riches/wealth
AUDIO
31. PART
1
SHEET
26
=mR: dharmaḥ
-‐
lawful
action,
duty
ék eka
-‐
one
£Rz: Īśaḥ
-‐
the
lord
év eva
-‐
indeed
gj: gajaḥ
-‐
elephant
gt: gataḥ
-‐
gone
(masc.)
£dm idam
-‐
this
ŒZvr: īśvaraḥ
-‐
Lord
£v iva
-‐
like
jp: japaḥ
-‐
mental
repetition
jIv: jīvaḥ
-‐
individual
D|nm jñānam
-‐
knowledge
k|m: kāmaḥ
-‐
pleasure/desire
k|r-m kāraṇam
-‐
cause
,g: khagaḥ
-‐
bird
32. PART
1
SHEET
27
k|m: kāmaḥ
-‐
pleasure
;X-: kṛṣṇa
-‐
Lord
Krishna
m|eh: mohaḥ
-‐
delusion
m|eá: mokṣaḥ
-‐
liberation
N| na
-‐
not
nm: namaḥ
-‐
a
salutation/bow
a|exi=: oṣadhiḥ
-‐
herb/plant
prm param
-‐
highest
flm phalam
-‐
fruit
pu®x: puruṣaḥ
-‐
person
sh saha
-‐
together
z|S}|m śāstram
-‐
scripture
st sat
-‐
existence
%I śrī
-‐
respectful
title
Sv|im svāmi
-‐
swami
33. PART
1
SHEET
28
tt: tataḥ
-‐
therefore
t'| tathā
-‐
so
Ñprm: uparamaḥ
-‐
withdrawal
Ñpi-xd upaniṣad
-‐
Upaniṣad
Ñp|snm upāsanam
-‐
meditation
v|d: vādaḥ
-‐
speech;
argument
ved: vedaḥ
-‐
body
of
knowledge
ivc|r: vicāraḥ
-‐
enquiry
ivƒ vidya
-‐
knowledge
ivvek: vivekaḥ
-‐
discrimination
y'| yathā
-‐
just
as
y|eg: yogaḥ
-‐
union
AUDIO