3. • GEOCENTRIC MODEL
MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE
Theory of the structure
of the solar system (or
the universe) in which
Earth is assumed to be
at the center of it all.
4. • HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE
proposes the Sun as the
center of the solar system,
rather than Earth, as was
believed according to the
geocentric model.
5. Which method of reproduction
provides for the most variety of
offspring?
A. cloning
B. sexual reproduction
C. asexual reproduction
D. cellular reproduction
6. Which method of reproduction
provides for the most variety of
offspring?
A. cloning
B. sexual reproduction
C. asexual reproduction
D. cellular reproduction
8. REPRODUCTION
1. SEXUAL
- production of new organisms by the
combination of genetic information of two
individuals of different sexes.
2. ASEXUAL - way of making new individuals
without sex or gametes
9. REPRODUCTION
2. ASEXUAL
• BINARY FISSION
- asexual reproduction of a single-celled
organism by division into two roughly
equal parts.
• BUDDING - Budding of an organism
10. REPRODUCTION
2. ASEXUAL
• REGENERATION- Regrowing body parts
• FRAGMENTATION
- Fragments grow as offspring
• PARTHENOGENESIS
- reproduction from an ovum without
fertilization
20. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
1. COMMENSALISM
- One benefits, and the other is unaffected
2. PARASITISM
- One benefits, while the other is harmed
3. MUTUALISM - Both benefits
4. AMENSALISM - No one benefitted but
the other is harmed
23. PRACTICE!
Cattle egrets and brown-headed cowbirds
forage in close association with cattle and
horses, feeding on insects flushed by the
movement of the livestock.
COMMENSALISM
24. PRACTICE!
Tapeworms attach themselves to the intestinal
lining of dogs, humans and other mammals,
consuming partially digested food and
depriving the host of nutrients, thus lowering
the host's fitness.
PARASITISM
25. PRACTICE!
Lions are better hunters and may
consume a larger share of the
prey, leaving less for the hyenas.
COMPETITION
34. LCM
Get the LCM of 4 and 10 Get the multiple
of the BIGGER
number.
20
Is 20 divisible by 4?
GCF
Get the GCF of 4 and 10 Get the divisor of
the SMALLER
number.
2
Is 10 divisible by 2?
35. LCM
Get the LCM of 45 and 36
45 36
3
15 12
3
5 4
LCM: 3 x 3 x 5 x 4
= 180
GCF: 3 x 3
= 9
36. LCM
Get the LCM of 16, 24, and 36
16 24 36
2
8 12
2
4 6
LCM: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 3
= 144
GCF: 2 x 2
= 4
18
9
2
2 3 9
3
2 1 3
38. Find the amount due at the end of 2 ½
years if P 8,000.00 is invested at 12%
simple interest
A. P 10,400.00
B. P 12, 400.00
C. P14,800.00
D. P 13,800.00
39. I = Prt
I = ?
P = 8000
r = 12%
t = 2 1/2
I = (8,000) (12%) (2.50)
I = (80) (12) (2.50)
I = (960) (2.50)
I = 2400
2400 + 8,000 = 10,400
40. The simple interest on P20,000.00 for 3
years at 9% annually is ___.
A. P 6,200.00
B. P 5,400.00
C. P 6,800.00
D. 4,800.00
41. I = Prt
I = ?
P = 20,000
r = 9%
t = 3
I = (20,000) (9%) (3)
I = (200) (9) (3)
I = (1800) (3)
I = 5400
44. ECONOMICS
Management of limited resources to meet
unlimited needs
DEMAND
SUPPLY
- Products that consumers are willing to
buy
- Products that producers are willing to
sell
45. MALTHUSIAN THEORY
(Thomas Malthus)
Malthusian theory is the theory that population
growth is potentially exponential, according to
the Malthusian growth model, while the growth
of the food supply or other resources is linear
48. STATE
INHERENT POWERS:
1. Power of Eminent Domain
2. Police Power
3. Fiscal Power
- forcefully buy property
- legitimate use of force
- controls cash flow & taxation
72. PARENTS OF RIZAL
FATHER: Francisco Mercado
• Domingo Lam-co - a Chinese immigrant
and Francisco's great grandfather
MOTHER: Teadora Alonzo
• Eugenio Ursua - Japanese great
grandfather
73. SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
1. Saturnina (Nena/ Neneng) – oldest
• published the Tagalog translation of Noli
Me Tangere
2. Paciano (Ciano) - Jose's only brother
• Military Commander of Katipunan
3. Narcisa (Sisa) - searched for Rizal's
grave in Paco Cemetery
74. SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
4. Olimpia (Ypia) - schoolmate of Segunda
Katigbak
5. Lucia - her husband (Mariano Herbosa)
was denied a Christian burial
6. Maria (Biang) - her son (Mauricio Cruz)
was one of Jose's students in Dapitan
75. SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
7. Jose (Pepe) - derived from St. Joseph
8. Concepcion (Concha) - Jose's 1st
heartbreak
9. Josefa ( Panggoy) - member of
Katipunan
10. Trinidad (Trining) - custodian of Mi
Ultimo Adios
11. Soledad (Choleng) - youngest
77. MEMOIR OF A STUDENT IN MANILA
• Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
- Antipolo's patroness
• 3 yrs. old - learned the alphabet
• 5 yrs. old - learned to read and write
• The Story of the Moth
• Pet dog – Usman Pet pony -
Alipato
79. EDUCATION
1. CALAMBA
• Teodora - 1st teacher
• Private Tutors
Maestro Celestino - 1st tutor
Lucas Padua - 2nd tutor
Leon Monroy - Spanish and Latin
80. EDUCATION
2. BIÑAN (1869) - 1st formal
schooling
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino
Cruz - strict disciplinarian
• Pedro – bully
• Andres Salandanan -
challenged Rizal in arm-wrestling
81. EDUCATION
3. ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL (1872)
• Bachelor of Arts Degree
• Admitted with the help of Manuel
Burgos
• Roman and Carthaginian Empire
• Fr. Jose Bech - 1st teacher
• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez -
favorite teacher
82. EDUCATION
4. UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS (1877)
• Philosophy and Letters - 1st degree
• Medicine - 2nd degree
• A La Juventud Filipina (To the Philippine
Youth)
• 1882 - Rizal stopped attending school
85. THE LOVES OF RIZAL
1. Segunda Katigbak - 1st love from Lipa,
Batangas
• Engaged to Manuel Luz
2. Leonor Valenzuela (Orang) - tall girl from
Pagsanjan
3. Leonor Rivera (Taimis) - cousin from
Camiling, Tarlac
• Married to Henry Kipping
86. THE LOVES OF RIZAL
4. Consuelo Ortiga - affair of Rizal in Madrid
5. Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San) - daughter of
Samurai
6. Gertrude Beckett (Gettie) - daughter of
Rizal's landlord in London
7. Nellie Bousted - an emotional rebound
8. Suzanne Jacoby - affair of Rizal in
Brussels, Belgium
87. THE LOVES OF RIZAL
9. Josephine Bracken
(Dulce Estranghera)
• Rizal's common-law wife
• 18 yrs. old Irish girl
• George Tauffer - foster father
• Francisco - their premature
baby
89. Rizal's Pen Names
• Dimasalang Laong Laan - "ever
ready“
Famous Poems
• Sa Aking mga Kabata - 1st Tagalog
poem
• Mi Primera Inspiracion - for his
mother
• In Memory of My Town - love for his
hometown
90. Famous Poems
• A La Juventud Filipina
• The Flowers of Heidelberg
- homesickness while in
Germany
• Mi Retiro - account of life
his in Dapitan
91. Famous Essays
• El Amor Patrio (The Love of Country)
- 1st essay in a foreign land
• Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos
(The Philippines: A Century Hence)
• La Indolencia de los Filipinos
(The Indolence of the Filipinos)
• To the Young Women of Malolos
93. Nov. 3, 1896 - imprisoned in Fort Santiago
• Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade – guard
• Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade – lawyer
Dec. 26 - tried by the Military Court
• Gov. Gen. Camilo Polavieja
Dec. 30 - executed in Bagumbayan
• Imitation of Christ
• Paco Cemetery
