2. Anatomy - Parotid
• Parotid gland
– Largest of the salivary
glands
– Serous gland
– Boundaries
– Lateral : fibromuscular &
adipose tissues of the face
– Superior : zygomatic bone
– Anterior : masseter
– Posterior : EAC, mastoid
process and SCM
3. Anatomy - Parotid
• Superficial
• Deep lobe – bounded
anteriorly by the medial
pterygoid muscle,
medially by the styloid
process and
posteromedially by the
IJV and rectus capitis
lateralis
• Isthmus – lies between
the mandibular ramus
and posterior belly of the
diagastric
4. Anatomy - Parotid
• Greater auricular
nerve
• passes from deep to
superficial around the
posterior border of the
SCM, then travels
superiorly, posterior
to the External
Jugular vein.
• provides sensation to
the posterior pinna
and lobule
5. Anatomy - Parotid
• Retromandibular vein
– Runs lateral to the
carotid and
emerges at the
inferior pole of the
parotid
– Joined by the post-
auricular vein to
become the
external jugular
vein
6. Anatomy - Parotid
Facial Nerve
– exits the
stylomastoid foramen
– Branches to the
post-auricular
muscle and
posterior belly of
the digastric
– Pes anserinus
Main
trunk
Cervicofacial
Temporofacial
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
7. Anatomy - Parotid
• Auriculotemporal branch
of V3 runs parallel to the
superficial temporal a&v
• Sensory to parotid fascia,
EAC and temporal area
• Parasympathetic
postganglionic fibers
from the otic ganglion to
the Parotid gland
9. Anatomy - Parotid
• Frey’s Syndrome
• Gustatory sweating
• Following
parotidectomy,
misdirected
regeneration of the
parasympathetic
fibers to the sweat
glands of the face
11. Anatomy - Parotid
• Stensen’s duct
• arises from the anterior
border of the Parotid and
parallels the Zygomatic
arch, 1.5 cm inferior to the
inferior margin of the arch
• runs superficial to the
masseter muscle, then turns
medially 90 degrees to
pierce the Buccinator
muscle at the level of the
second maxillary molar
12. Anatomy – Submandibular Gland
• Lies at the
submandibular
triangle
– Anterior : anterior belly
of the digastric
– Posterior : posterior
belly of the digastric
– Superior : mandible
• Mixed serous and
mucous gland
13. Anatomy – Submandibular Gland
• Superficial lobe
• Deep lobe
• Marginal mandibular
branch – deep to the
platysma but
superficial to the
submandibular fascia
14. Anatomy – Submandibular Gland
• Wharton’s duct
– Submandibular gland duct
– Exits the medial portion of
the deep lobe
– Between the mylohyoid
and hyoglossus
– empties at both sides of
the lingual frenulum
15. Anatomy – Submandibular Gland
• Parasympathetic
innervation
– From the chorda tympani
(branch of CNVII) exits
the petrotympanic fissure
& joins the lingual nerve
then synapses at the
submandibular ganglion
– post-ganglionic fibers exit
the ganglion to innervate
the submandibular gland
and sublingual gland
16. Anatomy – Submandibular Gland
• Lingual nerve
• Wharton’s duct
• Hypoglossal nerve
• Lateral to the
hyoglossus but
medial to the
mylohyoid
17. Anatomy – Sublingual Gland
• Smallest of the major
salivary glands
• Lies beneath the
mucosa of floor of the
mouth between the
genioglossus ad
mylohyoid
• Has no true fascial
capsule
• Mixed gland
18. Anatomy – Sublingual Gland
• Drained by multiple
small ducts ( ducts of
Rivinus) which open
into the sublingual
fold at the floor of the
mouth
• Bartholin’s duct –
small ducts may
coalesce to form this
duct which empties
into the Wharton's
duct
19. Anatomy – Sublingual Gland
• Arterial supply
– Sublingual branch of
the lingual artery
– Submental branch of
the facial artery
• Venous drainage
– Parallels the artery
• Lymphatics
– Drains to
submandibular lymph
nodes
20. Anatomy – Sublingual Gland
• Sympathetic
innervation from the
cervical chain ganglia
via the Facial artery
• Parasympathetic
innervation, like the
Submandibular gland,
is derived from the
Submandibular
ganglion
21. Anatomy – Minor Salivary Glands
• Several minor salivary
glands in the oral
cavity
• Each salivary unit has
its own simple duct
• Innervation depends
on location
